【語法補補課】 分詞（ZT)

分詞

1．分詞的性質：

具有形容詞性質，可以在句中擔任表語、定語、賓補、狀語，現在分詞表示主動，且動作在進行：過去分詞表示被動，或動作已完成。

2．分詞的形式：

例： write (vt) rise (vi)

主動語態 被動語態 主動 過去分詞

時態

現在時 writing being written rising risen /

完成時 having written having been written having risen /

3．分詞的用法：

（1）定語 分詞置於被修飾名詞前

分詞短語於置於被修飾名詞後

a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping

a running dog = a dog which is running

a broken glass = a glass which is broken

a beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打敗的意思）

This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.

The problem being discussed is very important.

（2）表語：The book is interesting.

He is interested in the book.

The news is exciting.

He feels excited.

（3）賓語補足語：

When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.

I'd like to havethis package weighed.

掌握精髓：動詞不定式作賓語表示動作的全過程，而現在分詞作賓補表示動作正在進行；過去分詞表示被動概念。

（4）狀語：（以下例句值得一背！）

① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.

→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.

② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.

→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.

③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.

→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.

④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answeredthat she was a heavy smoker.

→ Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.

 

你知道嗎？注意：在運用此類句型時主語前後要保持一致。

① Whenschool was over, the boys went home.

→ Being over, the boys went home. ×

School being over, the boys went home. √

② As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.

→ My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.

③ Ifweather permits, I'll start tomorrow.

→ Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.

④ I fwe judge from his face, he must be ill.

→ Judging from his face, he must be ill.（這裏應該是 we judging ...，但若主語是we, one, you表示“一般人”，主語可省略）

實際上，這裏涉及到獨立主格結構問題，以後在作分解！

4．分詞的時態：

現在分詞一般時表示此動作與主句謂語動詞同時發生。

現在分詞完成時表示此動作在主句謂語動詞之前發生。

Entering the room, hesaw he. （幾乎同時）

Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. （分詞動作在前）

5．語態：現在分詞一般時被動表動作正在被進行，完成時被動強調分詞所表示的動作先被完成。

The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.

Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.（漁民先被告知而後駛向港口）

轉自：http://www.qiewo.com/html/20100301/32727.html

PS. 愚公給了現在分詞和動名詞的區別鏈接，見下：

http://www.360doc.com/content/10/0310/16/575410_18250454.shtml

所有跟帖： 

• 貼出分詞是因為今天的《每日一句漢譯英》看了原文及同學們的翻譯，巧妙運用分詞能翻得很簡練。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (83 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 15:11:11

• 文青的一句話漢譯英作業我搬到這，分詞用得很棒。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (242 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 15:47:03

• 又露怯了吧，美風，這算啥。嗬嗬。 -非文學青年- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 16:57:56

• 嗯，會者不難。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 17:15:19

• 其實stuff用得不好，感覺不是指露天的，不過沒想出別的詞。 -非文學青年- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:39:48

• 原文用的litter，是到處的意思。文教授，現在分詞和動名詞稍有區別的，對吧。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:44:06

• 看到原文了。 -非文學青年- ♀ (230 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:53:44

• Co: 養成查英語詞典的習慣吧，童鞋！ -EnLearner- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:58:58

• 有文愚教授左右提攜我，英語想不進步都難。見下，愚教授居然說二者有時沒啥區別，不敢苟同。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (53 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:59:21

• 不是我說的吧，美風童鞋？ -EnLearner- ♀ (161 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 22:05:18

• 不好意思，我missed掉了“有人說”。請包涵。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 22:13:02

• 說實在的，我不知道這兩個有沒有區別，也不care。 -非文學青年- ♀ (144 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 22:06:56

• 真是語法大師說的話，嗯，領會。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 22:11:10

• 又get on my nerves了，亂扣帽子。 -非文學青年- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 22:58:37

• 我本想說stuff不夠好，但知道你自己遲早會意識到的，就沒給磚了。 :-) -EnLearner- ♀ (2235 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:55:57

• 謝謝愚教授！又戚戚了～～ -非文學青年- ♀ (70 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:59:45

• Thanks! 美風, very useful! -NewVoice- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 15:19:41

• 居然對新聲姐有幫助，太出乎我的意料了！ -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 15:20:45

• 我的語法很糟糕，經常挨文青妹妹的磚頭。 -NewVoice- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 15:24:28

• 總是太謙虛。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 15:28:44

• 不是謙虛，聽我解釋： -NewVoice- ♀ (1069 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 15:52:38

• 太榮幸了。希望你今天睡個好覺，做個甜夢！ -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 16:02:54

• 姐姐太謙虛了！ -非文學青年- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 16:59:07

• 精華!!好多句子值得背 -金迷- ♂ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 19:11:22

• 謝謝金帝支持，我都看了好幾遍了，還是記不住。一句話點醒夢中人--背句子！ -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 19:21:24

• 除了背些條條，還要多讀多用才是正道。 -EnLearner- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 20:44:05

• 謝愚教授的指導。真怕你了。昨天的一句話漢譯英，indicating是現在分詞嗎？ -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 20:58:51

• 現在分詞和動名詞，我現在分不清了。回頭補課。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:00:19

• 有人說，英語裏根本就沒有動名詞和現在分詞。 -EnLearner- ♀ (426 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:17:58

• 講得真好。所以現在分詞和動名詞還是有區別的。謝愚教授！ -beautifulwind- ♀ (257 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:31:37

• 回複：謝愚教授的指導。真怕你了。昨天的一句話漢譯英，indicating是現在分詞嗎？ -EnLearner- ♀ (258 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 21:57:56

• 謝愚教授的指導。俺這次明白了。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/30/2011 postreply 22:17:50

• 謝謝好風助教 -i999- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/31/2011 postreply 01:16:24

• 共同學習。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/31/2011 postreply 16:58:35

• 問好，謝分享。 -婉蕠- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/31/2011 postreply 13:29:50

• 謝謝斑竹幫著置頂！ -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 08/31/2011 postreply 16:59:41