美國模式未能充分解釋的是,如果要將一項發明充分投產,需要投入多少工作、改進和創新。如果用冰山來比喻,那麽90%的工作都在水下。美國的問題是,水麵上10%的工作很出色,但水麵下的90%工作拖了後腿。許多創新都是反複試驗和調整的結果。愛迪生曾說:“天才是百分之一的靈感加上百分之九十九的汗水。”詹姆斯·貝森(James
Bessen)在《邊做邊學》(Learning by
Doing)一書中寫道:“在發明結束後,隨之而來的是一係列知識更新和改進空間。”從這個意義上說,美國模式注重前端的發明;中國注重持續地創新和生產製造。美國的製度建立在科學發現的基礎上,這些發現是一種公共產品,現在很容易在世界各地複製和合並。
原文開場白如下:
A 20-month investigation of Chinese innovation capabilities in 10 advanced-technology industries has found that China is at the leading edge of global innovation in two sectors and is not far behind the global leaders in four others. The evidence suggests that China has not yet taken the overall lead, but its firms a******wenxuecity***/news/images/postcomment.pngre making rapid progress in developing their innovation capabilities and will likely equal or surpass the U.S. and other Western leaders within a decade or so, according to a new report by the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF), which conducted the investigation.