13 苦諦 Bitter Crux

目錄 Content：13.1 欲界 Desire Boundary；13.1.1 地獄趣 Hell Interest；13.1.2 畜生趣 Livestock Interest；13.1.3 餓鬼趣 Hungry Ghost Interest；13.1.4 修羅趣 Asura Interest；13.1.5 人趣 Human Interest；13.1.6 欲天趣 Desire Sky Interest；13.2 色界 Color Boundary；13.3 無色界 Colorless Boundary；13.4 統觀大千世界 General View of the Great Grand Worlds.

苦諦談三千大千世界（如圖13.1）的眾生相是一大苦具。三千大千世界是由十億塵刹土世界構成的。塵刹土是一瞬間的感知，亦作一小世界。土是身土義，亦作佛。佛是梵語，覺義，聖人義。古人稱一千位一小千，一百萬為一中千，十億為一大千。古人在讀時，先看見三組三個零，就讀出了三千，又看見三千是一個數字，就讀成了 三千大千世界。實際上三千大千世界和大千世界的意義相同。

The Bitter Crux talks about phenomena that Three-Grand Great-Grand World of sentient beings are a big bitter aggregate. The Three-Grand Great-Grand World is composed of 1,000,000,000 “dust instant soils”. The “dust instant soils” means the momentary body and mind, is also called “a small world”. The soil means perception, Buddha. Buddha is a Pali word, means Perception, sage. The ancients called a thousand a small grand, a million a medium grand, and a billion a great grand. When the ancients read it, they first saw three groups of three zeros and read "three grands". Then saw that three thousand are one number, so they read it as "three-grand great-grand world”. In fact, the Three-Grand Great-Grand World and the Great-Grand World have the same meaning.

 

13.1 欲界 Desire Boundary

依據對根本十戒的遵守與違犯，古德把眾生分成了六類，稱作六道，或六趣。根本十戒亦可分為十惡戒和十善戒。十惡戒是：（一）殺生，（二）偷盜，（三）邪淫， （四）妄語，（五）綺語，（六）惡口，（七）兩舌，（八）慳貪，（九）嗔恚，（十）邪見。古人根據對十惡戒的違犯程度，把惡人分成了三類，稱作三惡趣（如圖22至20），或三惡道，分別是地獄趣、畜生趣、和惡鬼趣。

不作以上十惡，就是十善：（一）不殺生，或不唯不行殺害，更能實行救護；（二）不偷盜，或不唯不行非予取，更能實行給施；（三）不邪淫，或不唯不行淫邪，更能實行清淨。此前三戒是身戒，是約束身體行為的戒律。什麽是不殺生？如自己不親自殺生，不幫助別人殺生，不製造運輸殺人的武器裝備，不建議慫恿和歌頌死亡。

Based on the observance or violation of the Ten Fundamental Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided all living beings into six categories, called the six paths, or six interests. The Ten Fundamental Precepts can also be divided into the Ten Ferocious Precepts and the Ten Benevolent Precepts. The ten ferocious precepts are: 1. killing, 2. stealing, 3. heretical sexual conduction, 4. delusional speech, 5. flowery speech, 6. ferocious speech, 7. two-tongue, 8. stingy greed, 9. hatred irritability, and 10. heretic. According to the degree of violation of the ten ferocious precepts, the ancients divided the ferocious sentient beings into three categories called the Three Ferocious Interests (cf. figs. 22 to 20), or the Three Ferocious Paths, which are the hell interests, the livestock interests, and the hungry ghost interests.

Not committing the above ten ferocities are the Ten Benevolences: (1) not to kill, or not only not to kill but also to save lives; (2) not to steal, or not only not to steal but also to practice donation; (3) not to commit heretical sex, or not only not to commit heretical sex but also to practice immaculateness. The previous three precepts are body precepts that govern bodily physical behavior. What is it to refrain from killing? Such as one does not kill personally, does not help others to kill, does not manufacture or transport weapons and equipment for killing, does not recommend encourage and eulogize death.

（四）不妄語，或不唯不行誑惑，更能言說真實語；（五）不綺語，或不唯不行魅惑，更能作利益語。（六）不惡口，或不唯不行粗獷，更能善言安慰；（七）不兩舌，或不唯不行離間，更能從中調和。此四是口戒。

（八）不慳貪，或不唯不行慳吝，更能進行施舍；（九）不嗔恚，或不唯不行憤恚，更能恒生慈念；（十）不邪見，或不唯不行邪見，更能信行四諦因果理。此三是意戒。

古人根據對此十善戒的違犯程度，把善人分成了三類，分別是修羅趣（如圖19），人趣（如圖18），和天趣（如圖15至1）。六趣亦作六道，是說此類人正行進在去往地獄、惡鬼等處的道路上。本章後文對此六趣做進一步的分析和辨別。

(4) not to speak delusionally, or not only not to muddle and deceive, but also to speak truthfully; (5) not to use flowery speech, or not only not to seduce, but also to speak for the benefit of others. (6) not to speak of coarse ferocious language, or not only not to speak ferociously, but also to speak kindly to console; (7) not to two-tongue, not only not to sow discord, but also to conciliate and harmonize. The four are oral precepts.

(8) not to be stingy greed, or not only not to be stingily greed, but also to perform donation; (9) not to be resentfully irritated, or not only not to be angry, but also to be able to bear merciful spell; (10) not to be heretical, or not only not to be heretical, but also be able to believe and implement the causes and fruits of the Four Victorious Cruxes. The three are intentional precepts.

According to the degree of violation of these Ten Good Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided the good people into three categories, namely, Asura Interest (cf. fig. 19), Human Interest (cf. fig. 18), and Sky Interest (cf. figs. 15 to 1). The six Interests are also known as Six Paths; Path mean that such people are traveling on the road to hell, hungry ghost, and so on places. These six interests are further analyzed and identified below in this chapter.

古德又根據眾生的種性把眾生分成了三界。界是因義，種子義，是生命之樹的四大種之一（參見11.2節的四大種）。欲界，如插圖13.1-35所示，義為此界眾生，都是從欲望的種子而有，都有飲食、睡眠、性交等色聲香味觸五欲。那還有沒有欲望的人嗎？插圖36是色界，那種境界的人沒有男女差別，也沒有飲食的欲望，和睡眠的需求。插圖37是無色界，是純粹的思想意識狀態，沒有身體的感覺，自然就沒有飲食、睡眠、和性生活的需求。

The ancient sages divided all sentient beings into three boundaries according to their seed nature. The boundary means cause, seed, is one of the four big seeds (cf. section 11.2) of the Tree of Life. Desire Boundary, as shown in Illustrations 13.1-35, means that all beings in this boundary are born from the seeds of desires, have the five desires of color, sound, smell, taste, and touch, such as eating, sleeping, and sexual intercourse. Are there any who have no desires? Fig. 36 is Color Boundary, where there is no difference between men and women, and there is no desire for food, drink, or sleep. Fig. 37 is Colorless Boundary, which are pure conscious states, with no bodily feelings, so naturally there is no need at all for food, drink, sleep, or sexual intercourse.

 

13.1.1 地獄趣 Hell Interest

地獄義為心路絕處，不幸處，是犯了五逆罪或上品十惡罪的人所去的，吃苦受折磨的地方。在三惡道，即地獄道、畜生道、和餓鬼道中，地獄是火途，謂此道是惡人受熾火燒烤的旅途（如插圖13.1.1-22）。

Hell means the place of despair and misfortune. It is where people who commit “Five Crimes of Anti” or the upper grade of “Ten-Ferocity Crimes” go, where they suffer and are tortured. Among the three evil paths, namely the hell path, livestock path, and hungry ghost path, hell is fire path, which means that this path is a journey where evil people are roasted by fiery fire (as shown in Figure 13.1.1-22).

13.1.1.1 五逆罪 Five Crimes of Anti

五逆是指弑父，殺母，出神身血，殺阿羅漢，破和合僧。一般人都是由父母撫養長大的，殺害自己的父母，會破壞內心的環境，患精神病，也就是墮入地獄。

神的外貌是人思維機製中的默認模型，亦作大種（參見11.2《四大種》）。當大種有變化時，依其所造的一切都會隨著改變，所以人看見流血的神會引起神經錯亂，所以說出神身血會墮入地獄（即患精神病，案例參見10.8 《神的外貌》。另外，盜、毀、和誹謗神佛的常駐物也屬於出神身血罪。神佛的常駐物如神龕，佛像，廟宇、以及廟宇中的器具等。

The Five Antis are patricide, matricide, bleeding god’s body, killing an Ararat, and to ruin monk making. People are generally raised by their parents, when they kill their parents, they destroy their inner environment and suffer from mental illness, which means they fall into hell.

The appearance of God is the default model in mind mechanism, also known as the big seed (see 11.2 "Four Big Seeds"). When the big seed changes, everything created by it will change accordingly. Therefore, seeing God bleeding will cause mental disorder, so saying that bleeding God's body will cause people to fall into hell (i.e. suffer from mental illness, for examples, see 10.8 "Godly Appearances"). In addition, stealing, destroying, and slandering the permanent dwelling objects of Gods and Buddhas also belong to the sin of bleeding God. The permanent objects of Gods and Buddhas include shrines, Buddha statues, temples, and vessels in temples, etc.

殺阿羅漢就是殺佛。羅漢山是對成就羅漢果（參見15.2.6《四沙門果》）聖人的稱呼，亦作金剛山，佛。

破和合僧就是破壞上帝三人組（即神父，金童（亞當），和玉女（夏娃）；參見10.9《上帝的三和合》）的合成。僧義為上帝的社區，即上帝的三和合。例如本書15.4節《墨西哥法典》中，當墨西哥（亦作金童，亞當，特拉洛克，獅子）從地獄裏反回到納瓦特國後，翠玉女（即玉女，夏娃）拒絕把王位轉交給墨西哥。這時月亮女神苦尤姬（如圖26）帶兵圍住了聖城，要挾天道輪回的守護女神蔻特鶹鵂（Coatlicue），要從廢黜的金童中選舉出一位特拉洛克。墨西哥說： “如果民主選舉能造出特拉洛克（即佛），左翼蜂鳥（即神父）就沒必要犧牲自己來造特拉洛克了。” 說著，他就砍下了月亮女神苦尤姬的頭，並把她的屍體肢解成了許多塊兒（如圖25所示）。就這樣，這位月亮女神立刻成為了一位亞特蘭蒂斯（義為大西洋的叛逆者，如圖26），沉沒到了大西洋底。

Killing an Ararat is killing a Buddha. Mountain Ararat is a fame for a sage who has achieved the Ararat Fruit (see 15.2.6 "Four Shamanic Fruits”), also known as Philosopher-Stone Mountain, Buddha.

To ruin monk making, English word Monk is Sanskrit word Sangha, means the community of Godly trinity (see 10.9 “Godly Trinity”). To ruin Monk making is to destroy the combination of the Godly Trinity, Godfather, Gold Boy (Adam), and Jade Girl (Eve). For example, in section 15.4 of this book, "Mexican Codex", when Mexico (also known as the Gold Boy, Tlaloc, Adam, Great Black Sky, and Jaguar) returned to the Nahuatl Kingdom from hell, Chalchiuhtlicue (i.e., Jade Girl, Eve) refused to hand over the throne to Mexico. At this time, the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui (as shown in Figure 26) led a siege to the sacred city Coatepec, threatened the Godly Cycle Guardian, Coatlicue, to elect a Tlaloc from the deposed Gold Boys. Mexico said: "If democratic elections can create Tlaloc (i.e., Buddha), there is no need for Huitzilopochtli (i.e., the Godfather, new sun god) to sacrifice himself to create Tlaloc." As he said this, he chopped off the head of the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui and dismembered her body into many pieces (as shown in Figure 25). In this way, Coyolxauhqui, an emerging Mount Ararat, immediately became one of Atl-anti-s (Atlantis means Atlantic rebels) and sank to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.

插圖23是公元七世紀墨西哥的帕卡爾（Pakal）王的棺材蓋板，顯示特拉洛克（又名金童，獅子）在得知神父過世的信息後，體內發生了爆炸，墮入了地獄（即患了精神病），如獅子頭在火匣中所表示。整幅圖像似人在操縱一部機器，表明特拉洛克在地獄中覺悟到了 “五逆和十惡罪” 是對心理機製的逆操作，從而他覺悟到了人神契約（參見16.2節）。

Illustration 23 is the coffin cover of King Pakal of Mexico in the seventh century CE., showing that after learning about the death of his godfather, Tlaloc (also known as the Golden Child, Jaguar) exploded inside his body and fell into hell (i.e., he became mentally ill), as represented by the Jaguar's head in the firebox. The whole image looks like a person operating a machine, indicating that Tlaloc realized in hell that the "five anti crimes and ten ferocious deeds" are the reverse operation of mind mechanism, thus he realized The Covenant Ark (see Section 16.2).

13.1.1.2 上品十惡 Top Ten Ferocities

本文從對境增上，對煩惱心增上，和對所作事增上，這三個方麵來辨別地獄趣。

（一）對心理環境增上，如殺父、弑母、出神身血、殺阿羅漢、破和合僧；再如毀盜宗教常住物，欺誑君父師長等。

（二）對煩惱心增上，如極重嗔纏，猛利嗔憤等。

（三）對事增上，如數數殺生，數數偷盜，數數邪見，日積月累不改悔等。

以要言之，純從分別見惑所發惡業，名為上品十惡，是地獄因。

This article identifies the hellish interest in terms of the three aspects of the escalation to environments of heart, the escalation to vexatious heart, and the escalation to affairs.

(1) Escalation to the psychological environments, such as killing father, killing mother, bleeding God, killing Ararat, breaking the production of godly trinity; and destroying or stealing religious permanent relics, deceiving leader of the state, father, and teachers, etc.

(2) Escalation to vexatious heart, such as extremely heavy irritable entanglement, extremely ferocious hate, and indignation, etc.

(3) Escalation to affairs, such as again and again killing sentients, again and again stealing and robbing, again and again being heretical, accumulating days and months without repentance, etc.

To summarize, the ferocious karmas that arise purely from the discriminative view muddles are called the Top Ten Ferocities, and it is the cause of hell.

13.1.1.3 八寒八熱地獄 Eight Cold and Eight Hot Hells

地獄有八寒，八熱大地獄，一百零八遊增地獄等說法。八寒八熱等大獄，各有眷屬，其類無數。此獄眾生，隨其作業輕重，經劫不定。罪重者，一日之中，數十次生死劫難。壽命不定，極長者可達一劫。

地獄趣的壽命怎麽這麽長？前文說了，大千世界談的是業，業相互熏染，可存活數十、百年，例如傳統（也是業）能流傳數千年。

There are eight cold great hells, eight hot great hells, and 108 temporary supplement hells. Eight cold and eight hot great hells, each has its own families and affiliations, categories are countless. The sentient beings in the prisons, depending on the severity of their karma makings, experience uncertain. Those who have committed serious crimes suffer dozens of death-and-alive disasters in one day. Their lifespans are uncertain, the extremely long one can reach a catastrophe.

Why do hell interests have such a long lifespan? As mentioned earlier, what the world is talking about is karma, and karma infects each other, can survive for tens or hundreds of years. For example, traditions (also karmas) can be passed down for thousands of years.

八寒地獄 Eight Cold Hells

（一）皰，寒苦觸身，如瘡皰故。

（二）皰裂，謂寒苦所逼，皰即拆裂也。

（三）阿吒吒，謂寒苦增極，舌作此聲也。

（四）阿波波，謂寒苦增極，唇作此聲也。

(1) Blister, cold bitter touches their bodies, like sores, hence the hell gets the name.

(2) Blister Cracking, that means that Blisters are forced by cold bitterness, the blisters burst immediately, hence the hell gets the name.

(3) Azhazha, it is said that due to the cold bitters, the tongue makes this sounds.

(4) Abobo, it is said that the cold bitters are increasing, the lips make this sounds.

（五）嘔喉，謂寒苦增極，喉作此聲也。

（六）青蓮花，謂寒逼皮肉開拆，色似此花也。

（七）紅蓮花，謂寒逼肉色大拆，似此花也。

（八）白蓮花，謂寒逼皮肉脫落，骨色似此花也。

(5) Ouhoho, it is said that the cold bitters are increasing to their extreme, the throat makes this sounds.

(6) Turquoise Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, skins crack and fleshes are exposed, the colors are like the flower.

(7) Red Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, fleshes are torn apart, just like this flower.

(8) White Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, skins and fleshes are falling off, the bones’ colors are like this flower.

八熱地獄 Eight Hot Hells

（一）等活，謂其中眾生，互相嗔忿，斫剌磨搗，死已複活，活已複死。

（二）黑繩，如世人以鋸解木，此獄獄卒以黑繩劈鋸罪犯，故此得名黑繩地獄。

（三）眾合，眾山四合，碎身成塵，故而得名。

（四）嚎叫，把罪犯置於大鑊中，沸湯烹煮，罪犯號啕叫喚，故而得名號叫地獄。

(1) Equal Alive, means that all living beings in it are angry with each other, being stabbed and tortured; the dead have been resurrected, and the living die again.

(2) Black Rope, like daily life people sawing wood by a saw, the jailers saw criminals with a black rope, so it is called the Black Rope Hell.

(3) Crowds Gathering, crowds of mountains are gathering toward those criminals, their bodies are squashed into dusts, hence the hell gets the name.

（五）大嚎叫，把獄犯放在熱鐵鏊中，受煎熬苦，獄犯急極切大叫，故名。

（六）炎熱，謂烈火猛焰，燒炙糜爛，故名。

（七）炙熱，謂置於火中，內外燒害，故名。

（八）無間地獄，謂受苦無有間歇也。無間有五義：一者趣果無間，謂有極重罪者，向此地獄接近，受其果報，無有間歇；二者受苦無間，謂在此獄，受諸痛苦，無有間歇；三者時無間，謂此獄中，眾生在一切時節都受苦，無有間歇；四者命無間，謂此地獄，生而複死，死已還生，無有間歇；五者形無間，謂此地獄，受罪眾生，生死往複，身形瞬變，無有間歇。

(4) Howling, the criminals are put in a big wok, are boiled together with the soup, those criminals are desperately howling, hence the hell get the name.

(5) Great Howling, the prisoners are put into the hot iron griddle, let them suffer being fried and boiled, those prisoners are desperately howling, hence the name.

(6) Flaming Hot, means that criminals are roasted by raging fire and fierce flames, whole bodies are eroding, hence the name.

(7) Red-Hot, means that those prisoners are put in fires, Internal and external all burns, hence the name.

(8) Non-intermission Hell means suffering without a break. Non-intermission has five significances. First significance is succeeding interest’s fruits are non-intermission, the saying is that those who have committed extremely serious crimes approach this hell and receive its retribution fruits without intermission. Secondly, in the hell, the receiving bitter is non-intermission. Thirdly, in the hell, prisoners are tortured all the time, non-intermission. Fourth, life is non-intermission. The saying is that in the hell, death after birth, birth after death repeatedly, non-intermission. Fifth is form non-intermission, means that in this hell, sentient beings are suffering birth and death continuously none stop, and their bodily forms transforms instantly, non-intermission.

 

13.1.2 畜生趣 Livestock Interest

畜生，性魯鈍，不能自立，隻能被畜養於人類（如插圖13.1.2-21，23，24），故得此名，如禽獸魚蟲等。作惡業愚癡多之眾生感生此道。在三惡道中，畜生趣亦作血途，謂畜生之類互相撕咬、吞食。作中品十惡者，感此道生。此處約境、約心、約事來辨別畜生趣。

（一）境中品者，如殺鬼畜，盜鬼畜物等。

（二）心中品者，煩惱不輕，亦不極猛利等。

（三）事中品者，或作再三等。

以要言之，雜從見愛煩惱所發惡業，名為中品十惡，故是畜生因。愛的第一分（參見11.1 法的四分）是貪，愛煩惱泛指一切思惑（參見14.3《煩惱的數》中的81品思惑）。

Livestock, reckless dull in nature, unable to live on their own, can only be raised by humans (as shown in Illustration 13.1.2-21, 23, 24), hence the name, such as fowl, beast, fish, insect, etc. Sentient beings who have done ferocious karma and have many fools are inductively born on this path. Among the three evil paths, Livestock interest is path of blood, that is, livestock and the like bite and devour each other. The middle grade of ten ferocities give birth to this interest, here, associating with environment, with heart, and with affair to distinguish the livestock interest.

(1) The middle grade of ferocious environments, are such as killing ghost and livestock, stealing ghosts’ and livestock’s properties, etc.

(2) Middle grade of ferocious heart, has annoyances not light, nor is extremely fierce and sharp, etc.

(3) Middle grade of ferocious affair, or do it again, repeatedly, etc.

In brief, the evil karma randomly arising from the love vexation is called the ten ferocities of the middle grade and is therefore the cause of the livestock. The first juristic quadrant (see section 11.1 Juristic Quadrants) of love is greed, and the love annoyance generalizes to all the mean muddles (see section 14.3 for the significances of mean muddle).

畜生趣遍在諸處，兩足四足，多足無足，水陸空行，互相吞啖。此道有情多愚癡貪欲。種類至繁，無量無數，茲約數義以括之：

（一）就形言，有披毛戴角鱗甲等之別。

（二）就依處言，有水陸空行等之別。

（三）就陸地言，重者土內，中者山林，輕者人所畜養。

（四）就晝夜言，謂晝行、夜行、晝夜行者。

Livestock interests are everywhere, with two legs, four legs, multi legs and legless, moving on land in water and in air, devouring each other. Sentients in this path are foolish, ignorant, and greedy. The variety is extremely numerous, immeasurable, and innumerable, and the approximate categories are summarized here:

First, in terms of form, there are differences among wearing hairs, horns, and scale armors.

Second, in terms of reliant place, there are differences such as moving in water, on land, and in air, etc.

Third, in terms of land, the heavy one is in the soil, the middle one is in the mountains and forests, and the light one is raised by people.

Fourth, as far as day and night are concerned, they are called day walkers, night walkers, and day and night walkers.

（五）就強弱言，強者伏弱，飲血啖肉，互相吞啖，怖畏百端。

（六）就壽命言，壽限多無定限，其極長者，可達一劫。

（七）就勝劣言，雖屬旁生，由福德力，或為龍王、獅子王、金翅鳥王等。

（八）就生出言，有胎生、卵生、濕生、化生等。

（九）就趣報言， 此道遍於六道（即六趣）。

Fifth, as far as the strong and the weak are concerned, the strong conquers the weak, drinks blood and eats flesh, devours each other, horribly fearsome in many ways.

Sixth, as far as the lifespans are concerned, their lifespans are uncertain, and those who are extremely long have a catastrophe.

Seventh, as far as superiority and inferiority are concerned, although they belong to side born creatures, due to fortunate virtuous power, they may be dragon kings, lion kings, golden eagle kings, etc.

Eighth, as far as birth is concerned, there are womb birth, egg birth, wet birth, conversion birth, etc.

Ninth, as far as interest compensations are concerned, this path is pervasive in the six paths, which are hell path, livestock path, hungry ghost path, asura path, human path, and sky path.

 

13.1.3 餓鬼趣 Hungry Ghost Interest

契經描述說，餓鬼趣人缺乏信心，所以總是饑餓難耐。他們發現了食物，吃的時候認為，此物可果腹；吃完了，他們又什麽都不信了，信心隻有舌頭那麽長。惡鬼總是居於草木荒蕪，饑荒瘟疫橫行的世界，天空中沒有希望。惡鬼的鬼字是說他們不會在光天化日之下做事，他們做生意正常人看不見。

餓鬼亦遍諸趣，有福德者，作諸處神；無福德者，居不淨處，常受饑餓，其苦無量。就出生而言，餓鬼有胎生、卵生、濕生、化生。惡鬼經劫無數，壽量亦不定，極長者可達人間的千歲。在三惡道中，惡鬼亦作刀途，是說他們常常攜槍持刀，常受刀箭逼迫，如圖13.1.3-20。用現代的話說，他們喜歡攜槍帶炮，所以常常被炸彈和自殺式無人機炸。

Harmony Sutras describe that hungry ghosts lack faith, so they are always hungry. When they discovered food and eat it, they believe it can ease their hunger; after eating, they believe nothing again. Their faith was only as long as their tongues. Hungry ghosts always live in a world where vegetation is barren, famine and plague are rampant, and there is no hope in the sky. The word ghost for hungry ghosts means that they do not do things in broad daylight, doing business is invisible to normal people.

Hungry ghosts are also present in all places. Those with merit are gods in various places; those without merit live in filthy places, where they are often hungry and suffer immeasurably. In terms of birth, hungry ghosts are born in the womb, in the egg, in the wet, and in the conversion. Hungry ghosts undergo countless disasters, and their lifespan varies, the longest ones can reach a thousand years of human even a catastrophe. Among the Three Ferocious Paths, the hungry ghost interest is Sword Path, which means that they often carry clubs and knives, therefore they are often arrowed upon, as shown in Fig. 13.1.3-20. In modern parlance, hungry ghosts like to carry guns and artillery, so they often get bombed and suicide drones.

插圖35表明惡鬼常常被譏笑、謾罵、和毆打，所以他們總是充滿怨恨和惱火。圖36表明由於貪嗔癡的增上作用，餓鬼生活在貧瘠的土地上，而且總是處於風暴、地震、瘟疫、通貨膨脹和戰爭之中。

Illustration 35 shows that hungry ghost is often ridiculed, abused, and beaten, so they are always full of resentment and annoyances. Illustration 36 shows that hungry ghosts live on barren land and are always amid tornados, earthquakes, pestilence, inflation, and wars due to the escalatory effects of greed irritability and ignorance.

圖40是歐洲人殖民美洲年代，一群西班牙餓鬼在搶劫墨西哥的富人。圖42是古墨西哥給西班牙的投降書（《Lienzo de Tlaxala》，約在公元1552年）；筆者盧岩將其核心（如圖41）翻譯如下：標題是《翠玉女戳破泥血歌利王的圈套》（如41-1所示）。餓鬼對翠玉女說： “你們現在已經沒有有能力作戰的男人了；你翠玉女作為眾生之母可以代表墨西哥向我們投降。告訴我，我們是怎樣征服你們的？” 圖42中大部分的圖畫表現的是大屠殺。翠玉女（即現在墨西哥國旗上的那隻鷹或鳳凰，是夏娃，是不可戰勝的）說： “（圖41-2）你們的青鬆石王子（即造物主，上帝）被毒品感染了，隻知道索取。（41-3）搶奪來的財物是你們的鐐銬，（41-4）你們是生活在這強盜所得的土地和房屋之中的囚徒。（41-5）你們給我們的 “意思食” （Mana，上帝賜予的食物，教法）讓我們生病，變得弱小而墮入地下。（41-6）你們束縛了我們的四肢，囚禁了我們的身體，（41-7）但我們的靈魂是自由的。我的傭女們瞧不起你們。”

Figure 40 shows a group of Spanish hungry ghosts looting wealthy Mexicans during the European colonization of the Americas. Figure 42 is the surrender of ancient Mexico to Spain (Lienzo de Tlaxala, circa 1552 C.E.); the author Adam Luyan translates its core (as in Figure 41) below: The title is "Chalchiuhtlicue Penetrates through the Trap of King Mud-blood Song-Profit" (as shown in 41-1). The Hungry Ghost said: "You have no men capable of fighting now; you, Chalchiuhtlicue, as Mother of All Livings can surrender to us on behalf of Mexico. Tell me, how did we conquer you?" Most of the drawings in Figure 42 show the massacres. Chalchiuhtlicue (that is the eagle or phoenix that is now on the Mexican flag, is Eve, is invincible) replied: "(Fig. 41-2 shows) Your Prince of Turquoise (i.e., Creator, God) is infected with opium poppy and only knows to fetch. (Fig. 41-3) The looted possessions are your shackles, (Fig. 41-4) You are prisoners living in the land and houses obtained by robbery. (41-5) The "mean food" (i.e., mana, God-given food, teachings) you give us makes us weak, sick, and fall into the underground. (41-6) You have bound our limbs and imprisoned our flesh bodies, (41-7) but our spirits are free. My maids despise you."

作下品十惡者，感此道生，可約境，約心，約事來辨別。

（一）境下品者，奪人天命，盜人天物等。

（二）心下品者，微小貪嗔等。

（三）事下品者，或偶一作，或旋知悔改等。

以要言之，但從任運煩惱所起惡業，名為下品十惡，故是餓鬼因。

Those who commit the Ten Lower Grade Ferocities can be identified by their environments, hearts, and affairs.

First, environments of the lower grade, taking the lives of human and sky, stealing assets from humans and skies, etc.

Second, hearts of the lower grade, with a little greed and irritability etc.

Thirdly, affairs of the lower grade, doing occasionally, or repenting of in a moment, and so on.

To summarize, the ferocious karmas arising from the randomly consequentially annoyances, are named as the ten lower ferocities, therefore, those are the causes of hungry ghosts.

惡鬼的種類繁多，大別有三種九類：

（壹）無財鬼，言無財者以不得飲食故，有三類：（一）炬口，謂於口中，常出猛焰；（二）針咽，頭腹如山，咽喉如針；（三）臭口，口如臭屍。

（貳）少財鬼，言少財者，以少得飲食故，有三類：（一）針毛，身毛如針，還自刺身，出血而食；（二）臭毛，身毛臭穢；（三）大癭，項中有癭，以手抉膿，還自食。

（叁）多財鬼，言多財者以多得飲食故，有三類：（一）得棄，常得棄食；（二）得失，常得遺失之食；（三）勢力，此複有三：（1）夜叉，亦作勇健暴惡貴人，有三種，在地，在天，在虛空；（2）羅刹，亦作可畏食人鬼；惡鬼之通名也；（3）啖精鬼，食人精氣之鬼也。

There are many kinds of hungry ghosts, roughly three categories nine types:

First, ghosts without wealth, who are said to be without wealth because they can not gain food and drink, are of three kinds: (1) torch mouth, which is said to be in the mouth, often emitting fierce flames; (2) needle throat, which is like a mountain in the head and abdomen, but like a needle in the throat; and (3) stinking mouth, which is like the mouth of a stinking corpse.

Second, less wealth ghosts, said less wealth, because they get less food and drink, there are three types: (a) needle hair, body hairs like needles, but also self-pricked body, bleeding, and they eat those; (b) stinking hairs, body hairs stinks foul; (c) big galls, galls in the neck, with the hand to choose the pus, and eat those.

Third, much wealth ghosts, said much wealth, because they get more food and drink, have three types: (1) to get abandoned, often get abandoned food; (2) to get lost, often get lost food; (3) the potential power, further divided into three types: (A) Valiant Ferocious Nobles, again three types of: On Land, In Air, and At Empty; (B) Rakshasa, is a common name for all hungry ghosts, is also known as the Fearful Man-eating Ghost; (C) munching sperm ghost, the type of ghosts particularly loves to suck and chew the essences of the human body.

 

13.1.4 修羅趣 Asura Interest

梵語阿修羅，即歐洲世界的泰坦，漢譯作非天、非類、不端正。據說每當阿修羅吃到最後一口時，嘴裏的食物總是變成泥巴。雖福報鄰天，卻無德享受，故曰非天。但從煩惱來說，尤甚於人，故在三善道中被列在人趣之下。修羅趣人好諍、好戰鬥，怕怖無極。（注，諍是好意勸諫義，是一切暴亂的起因。）

The Sanskrit word Asura, which is the Titan of the European world, is translated in Chinese as non-sky, non-category, and non-decency. It is said that whenever Asura eats the last bite, the food in his mouth always turns into mud. Although they are fortunate with the neighboring sky, they have no virtue to enjoy, so they are called non-sky. Only from the point of view of annoyance, especially inferior to human beings, so in the three benevolent paths, Asuras are classified as below the human interest. Asuras are good at expostulation and fight, extremely fearsome. (Annotation, expostulation means admonition, earnest and kindly protest; and is the cause of all riots.)

在因之時，懷猜忌心，雖能行善，為欲勝他。作下品十善，感此道生。辨別下品十善，亦約境、約心、約事說。

（一）對境增上，僅能於順境保護身口意行為。

（二）約心來說，悠悠緩緩，或夾雜貪、嗔、癡等煩惱。

（三）約事來說，偶爾為善，不廣大，不久積。

以要言之，雖能行十善戒，煩惱尚多，故是阿修羅趣的因。

At the time of the cause, with a suspicious jealous heart, although one is able to perform benevolences, but they desire to win over others. The ten benevolences of the lower grade led to the birth of this path. Identifying the lower ten benevolences is also to say from environment, heart, and affair.

First, escalation to environment, one can only protect bodily, oral, and intentional behaviors in the favorable situation.

Second, escalation to heart, leisurely and slowly, or mixed with greed, irritability, ignorance, etc. annoyances.

Thirdly, in terms of affairs, occasionally do benevolence, not extensive, and no accumulation for long term.

In summary, although one can practice the ten benevolent precepts, still has many annoyances, therefore, is the cause of Asura interest.

阿修羅種類頗難細列，茲以四類別之。

（一）畜修羅，從卵而生，畜生趣攝。

（二）鬼修羅，從濕氣有，鬼趣所攝。

（三）人修羅，從胎而出，人趣所攝。

（四）天修羅，從變化有，天趣所攝。

佛悉知是人，悉見也是人。佛教中所說的濕生是指富有而吝嗇的家庭成員，泥血。卵生是指王族的家庭成員，是從虱子卵出生的，穢血。化生是通過學習和修練，改變異生性（參見11.4.4.2 不相應行法）而形成的，如佛，菩薩，和道教中的真人等都是從修練的轉變而來。

It is difficult to list the types of Asuras in detail, so classify them into four categories.

(1) Livestock Asuras, are born from eggs, and are assimilated by Livestock Interests.

(2) Ghost Asuras, come from moisture, and are assimilated by hungry Ghost Interests.

(3) Human Asuras, are born from wombs, and are assimilated by human interests.

(4) Sky Asuras, come from transformations and conversions, and are assimilated by sky interests.

Buddha knows all that is human and sees all that is human. In Buddhism, Wet Born refers to the family members of the rich but stingy, mud blood. Egg Born refers to the royal family members, born from lice eggs, filthy blood. Conversion Birth is formed through learning and cultivation, changing mutant nature (see 11.4.4.2 Noncorresponding Migration Laws) to have. For example, Buddha, Bodhisattva, and Taoist real human are all transformed through study and practice.

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