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今又是《我與莎翁和酒神》

(2025-11-16 12:06:12) 下一個

寫給莎翁的郵件:

您好,別來無恙?來年你逝世周年的典禮上如果世上重新散發了道義的芬香花粉還沒能成功地擊倒我,我就會出現在火車站對麵的那個角落裏,專心等你。

哦,也許你不知道,他們把你編成第四了,請你不要把我摁作第五。我不想跟著悲劇去,即便你前麵的三位給我留了席位,而你又對我裝作不知悲劇的幽默的情懷。

我一直替你保守著這個秘密,如約所束,直到迪奧尼索斯手中的普通從此不出酒。

---今又是。

 

一塊蒼老的海岸礁石對著浪濤說:我看見舊銅器時代從我身邊走過,沉重的腳步聲裏,並無多餘的歎息。走了便走了。

隨之而來的是公元前一千兩百年泥桌上崩落的一個暗示:莊嚴的迪奧尼索斯帶著微笑睡著了,手裏還繼續地握著地中海八月裏最金燦的一串葡萄。

伯利克裏的時代,六萬人的城邦由四百人向五百人的投票機製進發,使用陶片和貝殼放逐前旁置了罪犯、遊民、債務奴隸和奴隸。愛琴海邊的人誰沒陶片和貝殼呢?都有的,就是的隻是投票放逐的權力。當初那種所謂先進的民主狀態下,無權下民和高級人間實在的平等和自由隻在喝酒的暢快裏。在酒裏,他們不僅可以褪去受規則影響失去的自然,也可以在酒第一波的挑逗下去嘲笑日常中彼此的尷尬局促和窘迫;在其後一波波更為暢快的衝擊裏,還可以嘲笑和挖苦政客們習以為常的虛假和荒誕。。。。。。不同的場合裏他們一起喝著,喝著迪奧尼索斯手中的葡萄上不斷湧出的、傳流的酒。

沒有提洛同盟,也會有伯利克裏的,隻不過他會失去那個能被他用來建造雅典城民主秩序和基礎的前提。八百年後喝著酒, 他半醉地聽著那台夯實的泥桌上偷偷跑入民間的鼾聲和笑聲,再用鞋尖將那些對峙於假正經的俏皮勁悄悄地,遞送到英倫三島。

多了九人的十將軍寡頭難道就不是寡頭了?所謂的政治放入進化,就是一次低底層的新興向高級位上的固有要求新的均分。關於這點,1215年英國大憲章的製定者也不一定比斯巴達人更清楚了:他們一生隻崇尚戰神、太陽神和強健並用來奉獻的體格。所有斯巴達女人的驕傲也在於:我為斯巴達生下勇士!政治的機巧被他們弄得十分地簡單,每五年或七年重新按實際人口分配財富的基礎----土地。權利複被重新的劃分,又一次地完成均等,這樣固定好後,行軍的隊伍就出發了。不很在乎走過的身後還是兩旁是否留下了大理石般的輝煌。非常離奇的是,文化上幾乎什麽也沒給人類留下的斯巴達人卻和雅典人同享了世紀風光。。。。。。

回到岸上的雅典娜、凱撒腳下的北地王、高倉健眼裏漫野的黃飄帶、酒神詛咒下,跟隨艾瑞岡一起上吊的全體希臘女人,他們憑什麽不一樣?喝一口傳動的酒,知道它來自加州,而非遠在的伯羅奔尼撒。

此後的又一個八百年,我開始懷著對迪奧尼索斯衝動的責問,隆重地祭奠因施酒而歿的伊卡流斯、為他的冤死而上吊的女兒艾瑞岡、以及她的忠犬莫艾拉。順帶跟熟睡的莎翁吆喝一聲:歐裏庇德斯的侍酒女神的確悲催了些,可你老順著哈姆雷德在俄菲利亞死後狂呼“沒有結過婚的女人再也不許結婚了”似乎有點唐突,仿佛借由場劇的方便,擴放了人類的悲嗆。不如您老改下台詞吧:沒有道德品行的人再也不許空談政治了。如能這樣,下一個八月的安塞斯特裏昂的聚會上,我把閑散的迪奧尼索斯從海上拖來,在衛城之上,一起舉杯!

 

(Icarius:死後成為Boötes:牡羊座)、為他的冤死而上吊的女兒艾瑞岡:酒神不知酒,把喝醉的牧羊人當作被毒死了的人,因而司懲於忠犬的主人、主人的父親和那個施酒者的好心?

(Erigone:成了處女座,和葡萄成熟的最佳季節8月有關。今又是譯注)、她的那條忠犬莫艾拉(Moera:幫著尋找父親的艾瑞岡找到了屍體。敬為天狼星,天上最亮的一顆星。

 

The God of Wine

By The Blusher

http://www.getblush.com/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/blog.godofwine.jpeg

 

In Greek mythology, the invention of winemaking is credited to the god Dionysus. The story goes that he gave the secret to a peasant named Icarius and his daughter, Erigone厄裏戈涅, which was done out of gratitude for their hospitality. Dionysus told them to teach the art to others thus bestowing the gift on mankind. Being the obedient sort, Icarius shares his wine with local shepherds, who at first take delight in the new drink. But when they get drunk, they suspect that Icarius has poisoned them. They must have been a particularly nasty bunch because they beat him to death with their clubs. Erigone has no idea what had happened to her father until his faithful dog, Moera, leads her to where his body is buried. Sadly, Erigone hangs herself in despair. But the gods remedy this terrible injustice by granting them immortality: Icarius and Erigone are transformed into constellations, Boötes and Virgo respectively, and loyal Moera becomes Sirius, the dog star. Proving that myth often has a basis in fact, the constellation Boötes, known in Greek asthe grape gatherer, rises in autumn at the time of the harvest, when vines are still under the constellation of Virgo. In addition, Pliny the Elder recommended that the rising of the dog star on the second of August was the correct time for wine jars to be given a coating of resin to seal them before holding the upcoming vintage. 

 

http://www.getblush.com/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/blog.godofwine1.jpeg

 

It seems funny for us modern wine drinkers to think of wine having its own god. What were the Greeks up to by creating their pantheon of gods or theoi? Today it is hard for us to understand what these ancient people meant by god. After thousands of years of Judeo-Christian influence, we tend to see God as existing somewhere outside of us, looking down from heaven. But for the ancient Greeks, the gods were experienced from within, taking possession of their existence. Thus when you were angry, in love, jealous, thirsty etc., you were being possessed by the divine. It was system that permitted a much greater range of experience then we have today, though undoubtedly less order. The taste of wine, the intoxication, the manner of behavior that comes over us when we drink, this was Dionysus. It was a thing in itself, a reality, a god. The earliest known festival devoted to Dionysus is the three-day feast of the Anthesteria安塞斯特裏昂節, which was a wine festival. It was a springtime party that celebrated the making of the new wine, which was not drunk until the following spring. Clay tablets dating from the late Bronze Age (c.1200 BC), reveal the link between Dionysus and wine, showing that the early cult of the god was about drinking. The connection to wine drinking, and that Dionysus was known to oppose reason, calm, and order, made him immensely popular. In Euripides’ tragedy  歐裏庇得斯(希臘的悲劇詩人)The Bacchae, he is praised for his gift of wine, but is also depicted striking people with madness. What people loved in this god is also what made him dangerous and subversive to those in authority. In this respect, nothing has changed over these many 

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jinyoushi 回複 悄悄話 回複 'futy' 的評論 : 事多,現在才有點空。
提洛同盟和伯羅奔尼撒同盟是兩個曆史節點,如此節點還有曆史跳躍力的亞瑟王的圓桌會議十二騎士,後來還有1972年建立的非洲參謀總長會議等。橫向i還有稍微另類的十字軍東征和法國大革命,底部都是對現實中高度集攏的權利、財富和腐敗的挑戰,想要均分權力、平分財富。
酒神在我好像在隱隱見也有類似的連接,不過均分和平分的多是亂後人類複歸平等的鼾聲,有待又一次醒來再用不同的理由和形式去重複同樣的錯誤也或所謂的歡快。
希皮柳斯音樂中的牧羊人、莎翁筆下黃昏裏的酒神、我朋友送我的長笛專輯在我腦裏死勁地擠在一起了,有點亂,但是它們是有它們的邏輯性的。因為我不能全麵參透,於是它們反過來對我形成了酒式的勾引,不是曼杜薩、也不是維也納,更多地像是躺在凱撒懷裏的埃及皇後。
隨聊了。謝謝到訪留言,祝好!
futy 回複 悄悄話 莎翁、酒神以及曆史的反思,特別是酒神迪奧尼索斯的象征,既有理性又充滿了激情,挺能觸動人思考的。你提到的古希臘政治和民主的對比也很有意思,斯巴達雖然文化上沒留下太多,但他們的軍事主義確實影響深遠
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