如何高效地管理時間和精力

Two Basic Rules for Time and Energy Management – Four Time Blocks That We Need On Schedule -023

如何高效地管理時間和精力

嘿，這是劉博士。在之前的視頻中，我們討論了拖延的常見原因以及如何停止拖延。在本視頻中，我將向您展示一些更好的時間管理方法。在效率和生產率方麵，除了時間管理之外，更多的是精力管理。

管理時間和精力有兩個基本規則。它們是兩個“S”，“分離”和“簡化”。第一條規則是“分開”。這意味著我們應該將我們的任務與可能的分心分開。在時間管理中，一種非常有效的方法稱為時間阻塞或時間裝箱。我們的想法是，通過將特定時間段專用於特定任務，我們可以“阻止”我們的時間，避免可能的中斷或幹擾。

但是，如果我們阻止我們擁有的每項任務的時間，並安排整天，這可能對許多人來說太過限製。我的建議是，在我們的日程安排中，我們至少應該有兩個時間段。一個塊用於“複雜任務”，一個塊用於“簡單任務”。這是因為這兩類任務所需的心理狀態不同。對於複雜的任務，我們經常需要處於對焦模式。對於簡單的任務，我們可以處於漫反射和放鬆模式。

在關於拖延的視頻中，我提到拖延有兩種類型。我們拖延複雜任務的原因通常是我們不確定如何啟動，並且很難進入複雜任務所需的聚焦模式。我們拖延簡單任務的原因往往是我們在生活中有壓力，而壓力往往與我們正在努力解決的一些複雜任務有關。通過使用時間塊分離這兩類任務，我們可以最大限度地減少複雜和簡單任務的拖延。一方麵，當我們有複雜任務的時間塊時，我們可以最大限度地減少簡單任務可能造成的幹擾。我們更容易進入深度工作所需的焦點模式。另一方麵，當我們有一個僅用於簡單任務的時間塊時，我們會暫時從我們可能遇到的任何複雜任務中解脫出來。通過這種方式，我們不允許來自複雜任務的壓力延遲手頭的其他任務。

在簡單任務的時間段內，首先完成更簡單的任務可能是個好主意。可以在5分鍾內完成的任務應盡可能立即完成。完成簡單的任務將給我們成就感和工作能量的動力，因此我們將對剩餘的任務更加精力充沛。對於複雜任務的時間塊，開始也是最重要的。如果我們能夠開發一個特定的例程來啟動時間塊，這將是非常有用的，這個例程可以創建一種儀式感，可以幫助我們進入深度工作所需的焦點模式。它就像主菜之前的開胃菜。不同的人可能需要不同種類的開胃菜。我們隻需要嚐試找到適合我們的正確開胃菜。它可以像計算“1,2,3和開始”一樣簡單，就像我們在進入冷水之前所做的那樣。

當我們需要處理多個複雜的任務時，我們可以列出所有任務，將所有任務放在我們麵前，放在桌麵上，然後逐個嚐試。我們可以選擇最容易讓我們關注的任務。例如，我們可能拖延任務A.通過比較任務A和任務B，我們可能會發現更容易專注於任務B.然後我們將在今天處理任務B.這個想法是，在不同的日子裏，我們可能對不同的任務有不同的心情。通過比較，一些原本可怕的任務可能看起來更容易，並且我們更容易進入該任務的焦點模式。隻要我們能夠完成至少一項複雜任務，我們就應該感到滿意。後來，我們可能不得不為我們長期拖延的艱巨任務提供更多的戰略思考，並進一步劃分或簡化這項任務。

這是我們的日程安排。我們應該有一個時間塊用於“複雜任務”，一個時間塊形成“簡單任務”。對於我們的每周時間表，我們應該再有兩個時間塊。一個塊用於處理人員的任務，一個塊用於處理將來節省時間的任務。

在與人打交道的任務的時間塊中，我們想到了兩件事。首先，我們應該思考，我們需要與誰聯係以提高我們的生產力。其次，我們應該與我們正在等待的人核實。我們可能需要追逐人才，以提高團隊工作效率。為“人員任務”設置單獨的時間段會提醒我們定期與人進行核對，同時盡量減少對自己工作的幹擾。

我們在每周時間表上想要的其他時間塊是用於節省未來時間的任務的時間塊。我們應該讓我們把時間花在今天可能看起來不重要的事情上，但會給我們更多的時間。我們應該花時間問自己，今天我能做些什麽，這將使未來變得更好？這可能是一個戰略思考時期。也許是學習新工具的時候了。 “人”的時間塊將允許我們通過有效地利用其他人的時間來節省更多時間。 “未來”的時間塊將使我們能夠通過提前思考來節省更多時間。

所以，這就是時間管理的“分離”規則。我們使用時間阻止來幫助我們集中精力。另一條規則是“簡化”能源管理。我們的想法是，我們擁有的總能量是有限的。如果我們生活中的選擇較少，那麽我們就可以有更多精力去關注。更少關注的選項。您可能會注意到，許多高績效人士，如史蒂夫喬布斯和馬克紮克伯格，他們在日常生活中總是穿著相同風格的襯衫。一個原因是，他們不想花費精力來決定不太重要的東西，例如穿什麽。他們更願意盡可能地節省能源，以便最大限度地集中精力工作。

感謝收看，我是劉博士，為失敗者提供研究建議。單獨和簡化是可以幫助我們集中注意力的兩個基本規則。直到下一次，讓我們學習如何分離和如何簡單地完成我們的任務，以獲得更有針對性的生活。

Hey, it’s Dr. Liu here again. In a previous video, we discussed the common reasons for procrastination and how to stop procrastination. In this video, I will show you some specific methods for better time management. And with regard to efficiency and productivity, very often, it is more about energy management in addition to just time management.

There are two basic rules for management of time and energy. They are the two “S”, “Separate“ and “Simplify”. The first rule is “to separate”. That means we should separate our tasks from possible distractions. In time management, a very effective method is called time blocking or time boxing. The idea is, by dedicating a certain block of time to a specific task, we “block off” our time from possible interruptions or distractions.

However, if we block time for each task we have, and schedule the entire day, that may be too constraining to many people. My suggestion is, in our daily schedule, we should at least have two blocks of time. One block for “complex tasks”, and one block for “simple tasks”. That is because the required mental status for these two types of tasks are different. For complex tasks, we often need to be in a focus mode. For simple tasks, we could be in a diffuse and relax mode.

In the video about procrastination, I mentioned there are two types of procrastination. The reason we are procrastinating on complex tasks is often that we are not sure how to start and it is difficult to enter the focus mode needed for complex tasks. And the reason we are procrastinating on simple tasks is often that we have stress in our life, and that stress is often related with some complex tasks that we are struggling with. By separating these two types of tasks using time block, we can minimize procrastination for both complex and simple tasks. On the one hand, when we have a time block for complex tasks, we can minimize possible distractions from simple tasks. It would be easier for us to enter the focus mode required for deep work. On the other hand, when we have a time block just for simple tasks, we temporarily release ourselves from whatever complex tasks we may have. In this way, we do not allow the stress from the complex tasks to delay the other tasks on hand.

During the time block for simple tasks, it may be a good idea to complete the easier task first. Tasks that can be completed within 5 minutes should be done immediately, whenever possible . Completing easy tasks will give us sense of accomplishment, and a momentum of work energy, so we will be more energetic for the remaining tasks. For the time block for complex tasks, the beginning is also most important. It will be very helpful if we can develop a certain routine to start the time block, a routine that can create a sense of rituality that can help us to enter the focus mode we need for deep work. It is like an appetizer before the main course. Different people may need different kind of appetizer. We just need to try and find the right appetizer that works for us. It could be as simple as just counting “1, 2, 3, and start”, as what we may do before jumping into cold water.

When we have multiple complex tasks need to be handled, we may make a list of all the tasks, put all the tasks before us, on the desk, and try them one by one. And we can choose the task that is easiest for us to focus on. Foe example, we may be procrastinating on task A. By comparing task A and task B, we may find it is easier to focus on task B. Then we will just work on task B for today. The idea is, on different day, we may have different mood for different tasks. By comparing, some originally intimidating tasks may look easier, and it would be easier for us to enter the focus mode for that task. We should be satisfied as long as we are able to work on at least one of the complex tasks. And later, we may have to give more strategic thinking for the difficult task that we have procrastinated for a long time, and further divide or simplify that task.

This is for our daily schedule. We should have one time block for “complex tasks”, and one time block form “simple tasks”. For our weekly schedule, we should have two more time blocks. One block for tasks that deal with people, and one block for tasks that save time in the future.

In the time block for tasks that deal with people, we think of two things. First, we should think, who do we need to reach out in order to improve our productivity. Second, we should check with people who we are waiting on. We may need to chase people down to be more productive as a team worker. Having a separate time block for “people tasks” reminds us to check with people regularly, and in the same time minimize distractions to our own work.

The other time block we want on our weekly schedule is the time block for tasks that save time in the future. We should allow us to spend time on things that may seem not important today but will give us more time in the future. We should take time to ask ourselves, what can I do today, that would make the future better? It may be a strategic thinking time. It may also be a time to study a new tool. A time block for “people” will allow us to save more time by using other people’s time effectively. A time block for “future” will allow us to save more time by thinking ahead.

So, that is the rule of “separate” for time management. We use time blocking to help us to focus. The other rule is “simplify” for energy management. The idea is, the total energy we have is limited. If we have less options in life, then we can have more energy to focus. Less options for more focus. You may notice that, many high performance people, such as Steve Jobs, and Mark Zuckerberg, they always wear the same style of shirts in daily life. One reason is, they do not want to spend energy on deciding less important stuff, such as what to wear. They prefer to save energy as much as possible so that they can maximize their focus on work.

Thanks for watching, I am Dr. Liu with research tips for the underdogs. Separate and simplify are the two basic rules that can help us to focus. Until next time, let’s learn how to separate and how to simply our tasks, for a more focused life.

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