《拉貝日記》
南京安全區國際委員會主席約翰·拉貝(John H. D. Rabe)從1937年9月到1938年2月間記錄的日記,是其親身目擊南京大屠殺所作的記錄,是南京大屠殺的重要史料。
1996年12月12日,拉貝的外孫女萊茵哈特在美國紐約向世人首次公布。1997年8月,美國克諾夫出版社以《The Good Man of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe》為名將其出版。
拉貝自1911年起受雇於西門子中國公司;南京大屠殺發生時是德國西門子公司駐中國公司員工,他以外國人(德日當時有同盟關係,雙方有簽反共協定)的特殊身份,在中國南京建立南京戰時安全區保護了一些中國平民,不過當時拉貝的行為純屬個人行為,並不代表西門子公司。拉貝是南京安全區的發起人之一,並擔任安全區國際委員會主席。他是德國納粹黨南京小組代理,這特殊身份使他的記述具有別人難以代替的作用。
在寫作日記之外,拉貝還保存了80多張現場拍攝的照片,並對這些照片作了詳實說明。
因為拉貝當時活動的範圍主要在南京安全區內,《拉貝日記》不可能對南京大屠殺的全過程作出完整的係統的論斷和估計。但《拉貝日記》仍然被認為具有很重要的史料價值。
序/胡繩 |
正文 |
附錄:約翰·拉貝其人/【德】埃爾溫·維克特 盟國肅清納粹法庭複議庭認定拉貝為非納粹分子的判決 [4] |
拉貝日記 目擊中國軍民的死亡之旅
The Diaries of John Rabe
—Witnessing the Killings of Chinese Soldiers and Civilians
1937年12月13日,日軍攻占南京後製造了殘酷的大屠殺。拉貝親眼目睹了中國軍民的死亡之旅,並在百忙中將其所見所聞以日記和其他文件的形式詳實地記述了侵華日軍在南京犯下的一樁樁令人發指的暴行。
On December 13, 1937, the Japanese troops occupied Nanjing City and committed horrifying atrocities of massacre. John Rabe witnessed the killings of the Chinese combatants and civilians, and faithfully recorded the Japanese cruelties that he saw and heard in his diaries and other documents.
約翰.拉貝先生正在南京國際安全區的辦公室工作的照片。在這裏,拉貝先生寫了拉貝日記
拉貝在故居內撰寫他的戰時日記
John Rabe, writing his wartime diaries in his former residence
約翰.拉貝先生正在南京國際安全區的辦公室工作的照片。
在這裏,拉貝先生寫了拉貝日記
John Rabe, working at his office in the International Safety Zone,
where he completed the Diaries
拉貝寫的戰時日記
Wartime diaries written by John Rabe
下麵是摘抄的部分日記:
The following excerpts are taken from John Rabe’s diaries:
12月14日:開車經過市區,我們才曉得破壞的巨大程度。車子每經一二百米就會壓過屍首,那些都是平民的屍首。我檢查過,子彈是從背後射進去的,看來這些人是在逃跑的途中從後麵被打死的。日本人每10人-20人組成一個小分隊,他們在城市中穿行,把商店洗劫一空。如果不是親眼目睹,我是無法相信的。
December 14: We came to know how much the devastation had been only after a drive through the city. At an interval of one or two hundred meters, the car would literally run over corpses of civilians. I examined them and found that they were shot from behind, which means that those people were killed when they were trying to run away. The Japanese soldiers, in teams of 10 to 20, marched across the city and robbed every store clean. That would have been unbelievable if I had not seen it with my own eyes.
以上這段話的德文版原文: Excerpts from The Diaries of John Rabe in German:
漢西門外毀壞的情況 火燒後的斷壁殘垣的中山路
The damage in the area outside The dilapidated Zhongshan Road
Hanximen Gate after the fires
北方飯店的廢墟上仍飄揚著劫後猶存的德國旗。(因為當時風很大)
The German national flag was still swaying on the ruins of the North Hotel
拉貝日記中還記載了被派在國際安全區委員會總部工作的南京警察部隊警員伍長德。他於1937年12月16日被日本人抓走,與他一同被抓的包括450警察在內的約1000名中國人被處決。伍長德受了傷但幸免一死,後來逃到了安全區避難。戰後,他曾到遠東軍事法庭作證。
The Diaries of John Rabe also recorded a local policeman Wu Changde, an officer of Nanjing Police Troop assigned to work in the headquarters of the International Committee for the Safety Zone. Wu was captured by the Japanese on December 16, 1937 to be executed with about 1,000 Chinese people, including 450 policemen. Wu was wounded, but managed to escape to seek protection in the Safety Zone. After the War, Wu appeared in the International Military Tribunal for Far East as witness.
被救助的警察照片伍長德
Wu Changde, Police Officer, saved by Rabe
1947年7月27日《中央日報》關於許傳音、伍長德分別在東京軍事法庭上作證的報道
News report (July 27, 1947) about Xu Chuanyin and Wu Changde as witnesses testifying at the Tokyo War Crime Tribunal