風蕭蕭_Frank
以文會友
土著民族越自治，他們就越成功
https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty-research/policycast/more-indigenous-nations-self-govern-more-they-succeed
喬·卡爾特教授和主任梅根·米諾卡·希爾討論了 HKS 如何加大對哈佛項目的支持，該項目幫助部落國家通過加強自治來實現經濟成功。
由約瑟夫·卡爾特和梅根·米諾卡·希爾主演
2023 年 6 月 8 日
哈佛大學肯尼迪學院教授約瑟夫·卡爾特和高級主任梅根·米諾卡·希爾表示，證據在於：當土著民族自行決定采取何種發展方式時，研究表明他們的表現始終優於美國印第安事務部等外部決策者。 卡爾特和希爾表示，這就是哈佛大學全力以赴的原因，最近將“美洲印第安人經濟發展項目”更名為“土著治理與發展項目”——將治理問題推到了最前沿——並宣布注入數百萬美元的資金 。
當該項目於 20 世紀 80 年代中期啟動時，美國原住民對生活的普遍看法（主要基於現實）是貧困和功能失調。 但這也是聯邦政府賦予部落更多自治權並越來越多地開始自治的時期。 研究人員還注意到意想不到的部落經濟成功故事開始湧現，他們開始嚐試確定這些成功是因果關係還是巧合的結果。 卡爾特和希爾表示，研究表明，獲得權力的部落國家不僅自身在經濟上取得成功，而且還成為周邊地區的經濟引擎。 最近宣布為該計劃提供 1500 萬美元的新支持，其中包括一個教授職位，這將有助於使支持部落自治成為肯尼迪學院使命的永久組成部分。
劇集注釋：
約瑟夫·P·卡爾特 (Joseph P. Kalt) 是哈佛大學肯尼迪學院福特基金會國際政治經濟學教授，也是原住民治理與發展項目（前身為哈佛美洲印第安人經濟發展項目）的主任。 他撰寫了大量關於印第安地區經濟發展和國家建設的研究報告，也是哈佛項目《原住民國家狀況》的主要作者。 該項目與亞利桑那大學原住民領導力、管理和政策研究所一起，成立了原住民建設夥伴關係。 自 2005 年以來，卡爾特一直擔任亞利桑那大學埃勒管理學院的客座教授，同時也是原住民國家研究所國家建設項目的教席主席。 卡爾特曾擔任加拿大皇家原住民委員會顧問、總統航空安全委員會委員以及國家公園管理局 21 世紀國家公園指導委員會委員。 他出生於亞利桑那州圖森市，在加州大學洛杉磯分校獲得經濟學博士和碩士學位，在斯坦福大學獲得經濟學學士學位。
梅根·米諾卡·希爾 (Megan Minoka Hill) 是哈佛大學肯尼迪學院原住民治理與發展項目的高級主任兼榮譽國家項目主任。 榮譽國家是一項國家獎勵計劃，旨在表彰、慶祝和分享部落治理的傑出範例。 該獎項設立於 1998 年，重點關注在解決 570 多個印度民族及其公民麵臨的關鍵問題和挑戰方麵特別有效的部落政府計劃和舉措。 希爾是原住民治理中心的董事會成員，是皮博迪博物館 NAGPRA 谘詢委員會的成員，也是美國藝術與科學學院重新構想我們的經濟委員會的成員。 希爾畢業於芝加哥大學，獲得社會科學文學碩士學位，並獲得科羅拉多大學博爾德分校國際事務和經濟學文學學士學位。
HKS 公共事務和傳播辦公室的拉爾夫·拉納利 (Ralph Ranalli) 是 HKS PolicyCast 的主持人、製作人和編輯。 他曾是一名記者、公共電視製片人和企業家，擁有加州大學洛杉磯分校政治學學士學位和哥倫比亞大學新聞學碩士學位。
PolicyCast 的聯合製片人是蘇珊·休斯 (Susan Hughes)。 Lydia Rosenberg、Delane Meadows 和 OCPA 設計團隊提供設計和圖形支持。 社交媒體推廣和支持由 Natalie Montaner 和 OCPA 數字團隊提供。
The more Indigenous nations self govern, the more they succeed
Professor Joe Kalt and director Megan Minoka Hill discuss how HKS is ramping up support for the Harvard program that helps tribal nations achieve economic success through increased self governance.
FEATURING JOSEPH KALT AND MEGAN MINOKA HILL
JUNE 8, 2023
Harvard Kennedy School Professor Joseph Kalt and Senior Director Megan Minoka Hill say the evidence is in: When Native nations make their own decisions about what development approaches to take, studies show they consistently out-perform external decision makers like the U.S. Department of Indian Affairs. Kalt and Hill say that’s why Harvard is going all in, recently changing the name of the Project on American Indian Economic Development to the Project on Indigenous Governance and Development—pushing the issue of governance to the forefront—and announcing an infusion of millions in funding.
When the project launched in the mid-1980s, the popular perception of life in America’s Indigenous nations—based largely in reality—was one of poverty and dysfunction. But it was also a time when tribes were being granted more autonomy from the federal government and were increasingly starting to govern themselves. Researchers also noticed unexpected tribal economic success stories starting to spring up, and they set about trying to determine if those successes were a result of causation or coincidence. Kalt and Hill say the research has shown that empowered tribal nations not only succeed economically themselves, they also become economic engines for the regions that surround them. The recent announcement of $15 million in new support for the program, including an endowed professorship, will help make supporting tribal self-government a permanent part of the Kennedy School’s mission.
EPISODE NOTES:
Joseph P. Kalt is the Ford Foundation Professor of International Political Economy at Harvard Kennedy School and director of the Project on Indigenous Governance and Development, formerly the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development. He is the author of numerous studies on economic development and nation building in Indian Country and a principal author of the Harvard Project's The State of the Native Nations. Together with the University of Arizona's Native Nations Institute for Leadership, Management, and Policy, the Project has formed The Partnership for Native Nation Building. Since 2005, Kalt has been a visiting professor at The University of Arizona's Eller College of Management and is also faculty chair for nation building programs at the Native Nations Institute. Kalt has served as advisor to Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, a commissioner on the President's Commission on Aviation Safety, and on the Steering Committee of the National Park Service's National Parks for the 21st Century. A native of Tucson, Arizona, he earned his PhD and MA in Economics from the University of California at Los Angeles, and his BA in Economics from Stanford University.
Megan Minoka Hill is senior director of the Project on Indigenous Governance and Development and director of the Honoring Nations program at the Harvard Kennedy School. Honoring Nations is a national awards program that identifies, celebrates, and shares outstanding examples of tribal governance. Founded in 1998, the awards program spotlights tribal government programs and initiatives that are especially effective in addressing critical concerns and challenges facing the more than 570 Indian nations and their citizens. Hill serves on the board of the Native Governance Center, is a member of the NAGPRA Advisory Committee for the Peabody Museum, and is a member of the Reimagining our Economy Commission at the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Hill graduated from the University of Chicago with a Master of Arts Degree in the Social Sciences and earned a Bachelor of Arts in International Affairs and Economics from the University of Colorado Boulder.
Ralph Ranalli of the HKS Office of Public Affairs and Communications is the host, producer, and editor of HKS PolicyCast. A former journalist, public television producer, and entrepreneur, he holds an AB in Political Science from UCLA and an MS in Journalism from Columbia University.
The co-producer of PolicyCast is Susan Hughes. Design and graphics support is provided by Lydia Rosenberg, Delane Meadows, and the OCPA Design Team. Social media promotion and support is provided by Natalie Montaner and the OCPA Digital Team.
