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好心好意無效 中國對邪惡美國雙管齊下

(2023-04-21 04:51:31) 下一個

紐時:習近平認接觸無成效 雙管齊下應對美國

https://www.aboluowang.com/2023/0421/1892560.html

中國最高領導人習近平為巴西總統盧拉鋪開了紅地毯,稱讚他是“中國人民的老朋友”。他與法國總統馬克龍在花園裏喝茶,請馬克龍聽中國古琴演奏。他還與沙特阿拉伯事實上的統治者穆罕默德·本·薩勒曼王儲通電話,表達對穆斯林齋月的良好祝願。
 
但就在習近平最近幾周熱情招呼這些國家和其他世界領導人的時候,美國得到的卻隻是冷落。中國已拒絕了拜登政府重啟高層會談、緩和台灣緊張局勢的嚐試。習近平政府還加劇了嘲諷和批評美國和西方民主製度的運動。
 
綜合起來,這些公開詆毀美國、同時加強與美國盟友關係的努力反映了北京的強硬立場。中美關係已跌到了幾十年來的最低點,習近平認為美國政府對中國“遏製、圍堵、打壓”。
 
一些分析人士稱,這種雙管齊下的做法有力地證明,習近平已完全接受了中美接觸並無成效的觀點,至少目前如此。這已讓人們更加擔心這兩個大國正朝著可能發生碰撞的方向移動,並可能會導致危險的事件,甚至圍繞台灣和其他地緣政治熱點問題發生戰爭。
 
本周,習近平的外交行動遭到美國及其一些最親密盟友的回擊,七國集團外長在日本舉行的會議上發誓共同應對中國的日益強勢。但近幾個月來,習近平仍然得到了他和其他中國官員希望看到的一些反應,以可見的方式削弱了一些支撐著華盛頓影響力的聯盟。
 
台灣馬祖海灘上的台灣海軍補給船,攝於本月。
台灣馬祖海灘上的台灣海軍補給船,攝於本月。 LAM YIK FEI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
 
在與盧拉會晤時,這位巴西領導人抨擊了美元在貿易中繼續擁有的主導地位。盧拉還參觀了中國電信設備巨頭、正受到美國製裁的華為公司的研究中心。馬克龍大談歐洲自治的美好,並警告不要被美國拖入有關台灣的戰爭中去。穆罕默德王儲讚揚了中國在中東日益增長的“建設性作用”,對美國及其與中東地區國家關係緊張發出了不那麽轉彎抹角的嘲諷。
 
與此同時,中國官方媒體一直在抨擊美國霸權的“危險”和“濫用”,並在人權、種族主義和槍支暴力等方麵批評美國。中國官媒抓住五角大樓泄密文件,在華盛頓如何監視其盟友上大做文章,還嘲笑了拜登政府上個月舉行的民主峰會,稱美式民主“問題成堆”、“一團糟”、“加速衰落”。
 
北京的強硬態度反映出中國對美國一係列動作感到的不滿,尤其是在與台灣有關的問題上,中國宣稱對自治的台灣擁有主權。台灣總統蔡英文本月早些時候曾在美國過境,並與眾議院議長凱文·麥卡錫見了麵。周一,台灣稱已達成了購買多達400枚美國反艦導彈的協議,以用於抵禦可能的中國入侵。
 
再就是美國與菲律賓正在進行的聯合軍事演習,這是幾十年來規模最大的一次。
 
美國限製向中國出口先進半導體,並不斷加強與日本、韓國、澳大利亞和印度等中國周邊國家的國家安全關係,這些已經讓中國產生怨恨,而前述的種種動作更是加深了這種情緒。
 
在中國官員眼裏,美國提出的重新進行外交接觸的請求——包括拜登與習近平之間期待已久的通話——顯得空洞,因為他們認為,他們看到的是不斷上升的敵意和挑釁。中國官媒上周稱,隻有在美國以實際行動表現出“可信的誠意”後,高層會談才能進行。
 
拜登總統在北卡羅來納州達勒姆的一家半導體工廠,攝於今年3月。
拜登總統在北卡羅來納州達勒姆的一家半導體工廠,攝於今年3月。 AL DRAGO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
 
“當前中美關係遭遇困難,責任不在中方,”中國外交部發言人汪文斌最近在被問及與華盛頓恢複對話和重新安排國務卿布林肯訪問北京的可能性時說。今年2月,疑似中國間諜氣球在美國大陸上空出現後,布林肯取消了原定的訪問。
 
“美方應停止幹涉中國內政,停止損害中國利益,停止一邊聲稱要為中美關係加裝‘護欄’、一邊破壞兩國關係的政治基礎,”汪文斌補充道。
 
拜登政府說它要裝“護欄”,是為了防止在南海和台灣海峽等爭議激烈的地區因誤解導致事件爆發,作為對蔡英文訪美的回應,中國已在這些地區進行了實彈演習。因為美國和中國軍隊定期在這個地區巡邏,而且經常發生近距離接觸,在沒有一套標準和直接的通信聯係的情況下,發生事件的風險將保持在高位。
 
北京將護欄視為另一種形式的遏製,因為那會讓美國知道在不引發軍事回應的情況下能對中國施加多大壓力。中國更喜歡讓自己的紅線含混不清,讓華盛頓去猜測。
 
去年8月,時任眾議院議長的佩洛西訪問台灣後,中國暫停了兩國軍方的大部分對話。五角大樓說,北京最近一次拒絕國防部長勞埃德·J·奧斯汀三世和參謀長聯席會議主席馬克·A·米利提出的接觸請求是在上周。
 
美國和菲律賓軍隊本周在菲律賓新怡詩夏舉行的聯合軍事演習上發射“標槍”反坦克導彈。
美國和菲律賓軍隊本周在菲律賓新怡詩夏舉行的聯合軍事演習上發射“標槍”反坦克導彈。 EZRA ACAYAN/GETTY IMAGES
 
布林肯對恢複高層對話表示了一些樂觀。“我的預期是我們能在這方麵取得進展。但這確實需要中國明確表示自己有這樣做的意圖,”他周二在日本舉行的七國集團外長會議上對記者說。
 
分析人士稱,習近平可能認為,此時與拜登總統通話對他自己沒有任何好處,尤其是在美國對中國的負麵看法似乎越來越根深蒂固的情況下。
 
“習近平顯然認為,為接觸而接觸是徒勞無意的事情。對話的時間已經過去。現在反而是北京做好迎接困難的準備的時候,”無黨派組織保衛民主基金會中國高級研究員克雷格·辛格爾頓說。“簡言之,事情已經無法回到過去了,所以習近平現在必須讓中國為更令人擔憂的未來做好準備。”
 
研究中國政治的克萊蒙特麥肯納學院教授裴敏欣表示,中國政府可能會在覺得自己有了更多砝碼的時候重新與華盛頓接觸。它可能會首先去加深與更多不結盟國家(如巴西)的關係,或者讓歐洲國家在是否緊密跟隨美國對華強硬立場的問題上產生更大的分歧。
 
“中國想從實力的地位出發與美國打交道,而中國現在顯然不在那個位置上,”裴敏欣說。“如果一定要說的話,美國在召集盟友對中國發動技術戰上的成功證明,美國仍比中國強大得多,並且擁有更多可供它使用的工具。”
美國國務卿布林肯在日本出席了七國集團外長會議後。
美國國務卿布林肯在日本出席了七國集團外長會議後。 
 
中國現在正在試圖把握分寸,一方麵在外交上冷落美國,另一方麵試圖讓各國央行行長和投資者相信,中國在實行了多年遏製新冠的嚴厲措施後,再次向世界開放
 
上周,在華盛頓舉行的世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織會議期間,中國央行行長易綱與美聯儲主席傑羅姆·鮑威爾舉行了會晤,討論了兩國的經濟。財政部長耶倫和商務部長雷蒙多也正在計劃訪問中國。
但易綱也有不滿要表達。他批評了西方國家將貿易從中國轉移到地緣政治盟友那裏的做法,他在周五向國際貨幣和金融委員會作陳述時使用了“友岸外包”一詞。
 
中國分析人士稱,中美關係短期內改善的前景仍然渺茫。上海複旦大學國際關係學院院長吳心伯表示,習近平和拜登去年11月在印度尼西亞會晤後取得的適度進展在氣球事件和蔡英文過境美國後幾乎消失貽盡。
“在中國看來,雖然拜登在巴厘島表現了良好的態度,但他改善中美關係的意願並不強烈,”吳心伯說。“中國認為美國既沒有誠意也沒有能力改善關係。”
 
As Xi Befriends World Leaders, He Hardens His Stance on the U.S.
 

China has rebuffed calls to restart high-level talks with the United States, raising the risk of confrontation in contested areas like the Taiwan Strait.

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/20/world/asia/xi-china-us.html#:~:text=

 

 

Two men in dark suits walk along a red carpet past rows of men in military uniforms standing at attention.

President Xi Jinping of China with President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil last week in Beijing.Credit...Pool photo by Ken Ishii

 

China’s top leader, Xi Jinping, has rolled out the red carpet for President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil, lauding him as “an old friend of the Chinese people.” He has sipped tea in a garden with President Emmanuel Macron of France, treating him to a performance on an ancient Chinese zither. And he has talked on the phone with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Arabia’s de facto ruler, offering well wishes for the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.

But even as Mr. Xi has offered a glad hand to those and other world leaders in recent weeks, it has been only the cold shoulder for the United States. China has rebuffed attempts by the Biden administration to restart high-level talks and lower tensions over Taiwan. And Mr. Xi’s government has intensified a campaign of ridicule and criticism of the United States and Western democracy.

Taken together, the efforts to shore up ties with American allies while publicly discrediting the United States reflect Beijing’s hardening position as relations sink to their lowest point in decades over what Mr. Xi has described as Washington’s “containment, encirclement and suppression of China.”

The two-pronged approach, some analysts say, is compelling evidence that Mr. Xi has fully committed to the view that engagement between China and the United States is fruitless, at least for now. And it has lent urgency to concerns that the two powers are on a collision course that could lead to dangerous accidents, or even war, over Taiwan and other geopolitical flash points.

Mr. Xi’s diplomatic effort was rebuffed by the United States and some of its closest allies this week, when a meeting of top Group of 7 diplomats gathered in Japan and vowed to address China’s growing assertiveness together. But Mr. Xi has still been getting some of the reaction he and other Chinese officials had hoped for in recent months, visually chipping at some of the alliances that underpin Washington’s influence.

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A Taiwanese Navy supply ship at a beach in Matsu, Taiwan, this month.Credit...Lam Yik Fei for The New York Times

During Mr. Xi’s meeting with Mr. Lula, the Brazilian leader railed against the continued dominance of the U.S. dollar in trade and paid a visit to a research center for China’s telecommunications giant, Huawei, which is under sanctions from the United States. Mr. Macron hailed European autonomy and warned against being dragged by the United States into a war over Taiwan. And Prince Mohammed praised China’s growing “constructive role” in the Middle East, a not so subtle dig at the United States and its strained relationships in the region.

At the same time, Chinese state media has railed against the “perils” and “abuse” of American hegemony and criticized the United States on human rights, racism and gun violence. It has seized on the leaked Pentagon documents to highlight how Washington has been spying on its allies. And it has mocked the Biden administration for holding a summit on democracy last month, describing U.S. democracy as “troubled,” “messy” and “in constant decline.”

Beijing’s harsher line reflects its frustrations over a series of U.S. moves, particularly in relation to Taiwan, the self-governing island claimed by China. Taiwan’s president, Tsai Ing-wen, visited the United States earlier this month and met with Kevin McCarthy, the speaker of the House of Representatives. On Monday, Taiwan said it had clinched a deal to buy up to 400 U.S. anti-ship missiles to help counter a potential Chinese invasion.

Then there are the joint military drills the United States is conducting with the Philippines, the largest in decades.

Those moves compound deeper resentments that center on U.S. restrictions of advanced semiconductor exports to China and growing security ties between the United States and countries on China’s periphery such as Japan, South Korea, Australia and India.

To Chinese officials, American pleas for renewed diplomatic engagement — including a long-awaited call between Mr. Biden and Mr. Xi — ring hollow in the face of what they view as rising hostility and provocations. High-level talks can only proceed after the United States has demonstrated “credible sincerity with concrete actions,” Chinese state media said last week.

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President Biden at a semiconductor manufacturer in Durham, N.C., in March.Credit...Al Drago for The New York Times

“The responsibility for the current difficulties in China-U.S. relations does not lie with China,” Wang Wenbin, a spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, said recently when asked about resuming dialogue with Washington and the potential rescheduling of a visit to Beijing by Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken that was called off after the emergence of a suspected high altitude Chinese spy balloon over the continental United States in February.

“The U.S. needs to stop interfering in China’s internal affairs and harming China’s interests, and stop undermining the political foundation for our bilateral relations while stressing the need to put ‘guardrails’ on the relationship,” Mr. Wang added.

The Biden administration says it wants to establish “guardrails” to prevent an incident from flaring over a misunderstanding in heavily contested areas such as the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait, where China conducted live-fire drills in response to Ms. Tsai’s visit. Without protocols and direct lines of communication, the risk for an incident will remain high as U.S. and Chinese forces patrol the region regularly, and often at close range.

Beijing views guardrails as another form of containment because they would disclose to the United States how far it can be pressured without triggering a military response. China would prefer its red lines to remain ambiguous and leave Washington guessing.

China suspended most military dialogue with the United States last August following former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan. The Pentagon said as recently as last week that Beijing had declined requests for engagement with Defense Secretary Lloyd J. Austin III and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Mark A. Milley.

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American and Philippine troops firing a Javelin anti-tank weapon system during joint military exercises in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, this week.Credit...Ezra Acayan/Getty Images

Mr. Blinken expressed some optimism that high-level talks would resume.

“My expectation would be that we will be able to move forward on that. But it does require China to make clear its own intentions in doing that,” he said on Tuesday speaking to reporters at a meeting of the Group of 7 nations in Japan.

Analysts say Mr. Xi likely believes he has nothing to gain from speaking to President Biden at this moment, particularly as negative views on China in the United States appear increasingly entrenched.

“Xi clearly believes that engagement for engagement’s sake is a fool’s errand. The time for talk has passed. Instead, it’s time for Beijing to batten down the hatches,” said Craig Singleton, a senior China fellow at the nonpartisan Foundation for Defense of Democracies. “Simply put, there is no going back to the way things were, so Xi must now prepare China for a more fraught future.”

Minxin Pei, a professor at Claremont McKenna College who studies Chinese politics, said it is possible that Beijing will re-engage with Washington once it feels it has more leverage. That could come after Beijing has deepened ties with more nonaligned countries like Brazil or after it has widened splits in Europe over how closely to follow the United States in its tougher stance toward China.

“China wants to engage the U.S. from a position of strength, and China is clearly not in that position now,” Mr. Pei said. “If anything, America’s success in rallying allies and waging the tech war against China proves that it is still far more powerful than China and has more tools at its disposal.”

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Secretary of State Antony Blinken in Japan on Tuesday after a meeting of the Group of 7.Credit...Pool photo by Andrew Harnik

China is now trying to tread a fine line between snubbing the United States diplomatically and trying to persuade central bankers and investors that it is open for business again after years of stringent Covid measures.

Yi Gang, China’s central bank governor, met with Jerome Powell, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, on the sidelines of a World Bank and International Monetary Fund meeting in Washington last week to discuss their countries’ economies. Plans are also in the works for Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo to visit China.

But Mr. Yi had grievances, too. He criticized Western countries for diverting trade away from China toward geopolitical allies instead, using the term “friend-shoring” in a statement to the International Monetary and Financial Committee on Friday.

Chinese analysts say the prospects of Sino-U.S. relations improving anytime soon remain remote. The modest progress Mr. Xi and Mr. Biden achieved after meeting in Indonesia last November is all but gone following the balloon incident and Ms. Tsai’s visit to the United States, said Wu Xinbo, dean of international studies at Fudan University in Shanghai.

“In China’s view, though Biden showed a good attitude in Bali, he is not strongly willing to improve Sino-U.S. relations,” Mr. Wu said. “China thinks the U.S. has neither the sincerity nor the ability to improve relations.”

Olivia Wang contributed reporting.

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