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南海——2016 的七國外長的廣島海事安全聲明

(2016-04-14 16:05:43) 下一個

周一（2016年4月11日）七國外長的廣島海事安全聲明（G7 Foreign Minister’s Statement on Maritime Security ）引起了海內外很多中國人的不同的反應。尤其是中國政府召見G7駐中國的（日本）大使和（其他各國）公使的抗議，是最近少有的情況。

海事安全的聲明，最早可以追溯到2013年4月11日，當時在北愛爾蘭的Lough Erne，還是G8外長會議中以會議聲明的方式提出，當時主要討論的是索馬裏海盜問題（隻字不提南海問題）。第二次是去年（2015年4月15日）七國外長在德國的呂貝克（Lubeck）也發表了（第一次以）一個專門的海事安全聲明（當中包括很多有關全球海事安全的問題），其中開始談到南（中國）海問題。在去年的聲明中強調實行南海行為準則（Code of Conduct in the South China Sea，或COC）和支持東南亞合作組織的南海各國行為聲明（ASEAN Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea，或DOC）。

今年的海事安全聲明，和以往的不同在於兩個主要方麵。其一，前提是在東海和南海；其二，加入了7個聲明國的主張。第一點自然是日本人的小動作——將東海問題塞入聲明中，第二點則是要特別注意——美國人（和日本人）將它的主張強加在其他5國的頭上——加拿大，法國，德國，意大利，和英國還沒有對南海問題有強硬的官方的聲明。

但無論如何，這是一次8國聯軍式的宣戰。中國必須準備好。在南海和菲律賓（美國），在東海和日本（美國），在台灣（美國）問題上，現在是真正考驗智慧的時候了。願上帝保佑中國！

附：2015年4月15日七國外長的海事安全聲明（隻摘錄有關南海問題的部分）

We call for the acceleration of work on a comprehensive Code of Conduct in the South China Sea and, in the interim, emphasise our support for the 2002 ASEAN Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. We highlight the constructive role of practical confidence-building measures, such as the establishment of direct links of communication in cases of crisis and efforts to establish guiding principles and rules to govern activities, such as the ASEAN – China talks on a Code of Conduct on the South China Sea. We encourage States to do their utmost to implement their commitments, and we intend to assist them within the scope of our abilities and regional priorities. We furthermore welcome initiatives on maritime security in relevant fora, such as the East Asia Summit, the ASEAN Regional Forum, the EU-ASEAN cooperation, and regionally based Coast Guard Forums.

附：2016年4月11日七國外長的海事安全聲明（隻摘錄有關南海問題的部分）

We are concerned about the situation in the East and South China Seas, and emphasize the fundamental importance of peaceful management and settlement of disputes. We express our strong opposition to any intimidating, coercive or provocative unilateral actions that could alter the status quo and increase tensions, and urge all states to refrain from such actions as land reclamations including large scale ones, building of outposts, as well as their use for military purposes and to act in accordance with international law including the principles of freedoms of navigation and over flight. In areas pending final delimitation, we underline the importance of coastal states refraining from unilateral actions that cause permanent physical change to the marine environment insofar as such actions jeopardize or hamper the reaching of the final agreement, as well as the importance of making every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature, in those areas. We encourage further engagement in confidence building measures such as dialogue which seek to build trust and security in the region. We call for the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) in its entirety and the early establishment of an effective Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC).

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