解救海南島八所盟軍戰俘(附1)——辛拉比(John K. Singlaub)少將

辛拉比（ John K. Singlaub） 少校/少將

前麵我們提到解救海南島八所盟軍戰俘營戰俘們的部隊，是由美軍辛拉比少校領導的美軍特別解救隊。辛拉比少校是個年輕有為的軍官，日後也是美軍中有名的將領，尤其與美國中情局有著密切的聯係。下麵是辛拉比少校（後來的辛拉比少將）的簡曆，供各位參考。因怕麻煩，就不翻譯了。

John K. Singlaub

John K. Singlaub was recruited by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during the Second World War . He was parachuted into Nazi occupied France and helped to organize the French Resistance before the D-Day invasion. Later he was sent to China where he worked with Ray S. Cline , Richard Helms , E. Howard Hunt , Mitchell WerBell , Paul Helliwell , Robert Emmett Johnson and Lucien Conein . Others working in China at that time included Tommy Corcoran , Whiting Willauer and William Pawley .

Singlaub joined the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and he was sent to Manchuria during the Chinese Civil War . In 1951 he became Deputy Chief of the CIA station in South Korea . Later he moved to Laos where he worked closely with Ted Shackley .

In 1964 Singlaub became chief of Military Assistance Command Studies and Observation Group (MACV-SOG). This was an unconventional warfare task force that oversaw assassination and paramilitary operations throughout Southeast Asia. MACV-SOG now took over Oplan 34-A from the CIA. Ted Shackley , CIA chief in Laos , reported having monthly meetings with Singlaub. According to one report, Singlaub "oversaw political assassinations programs in Laos, Cambodia and Thailand" (Inside the Shadow Government).

In 1966 Ted Shackley was placed in charge of CIA secret war in Laos. He appointed Thomas G. Clines as his deputy. He also took Carl E. Jenkins , David Morales , Rafael Quintero , Felix Rodriguez and Edwin Wilson with him to Laos. According to Joel Bainerman it was at this point that Shackley and his "Secret Team" became involved in the drug trade. They did this via General Vang Pao , the leader of the anti-communist forces in Laos. Vang Pao was a major figure in the opium trade in Laos. To help him Shackley used his CIA officials and assets to sabotage the competitors. Eventually Vang Pao had a monopoly over the heroin trade in Laos. In 1967 Shackley and Clines helped Vang Pao to obtain financial backing to form his own airline, Zieng Khouang Air Transport Company, to transport opium and heroin between Long Tieng and Vientiane. In 1968 Shackley and Clines arranged a meeting in Saigon between Santo Trafficante and Vang Pao to establish a heroin-smuggling operation from Southeast Asia to the United States.

In 1969 Ted Shackley became Chief of Station in Vietnam and headed the Phoenix Program . This involved the killing of non-combatant Vietnamese civilians suspected of collaborating with the National Liberation Front . In a two year period, Operation Phoenix murdered 28,978 civilians.

As a specialist in unconventional warfare and covert operations, Singlaub kept a low profile. However, he eventually became chief of staff of the United Nations Command in South Korea . He was forced to resign in May, 1978 after criticizing President Jimmy Carter and his plans to reduce the number of troops in South Korea.

According to Peter Dale Scott , ten days before his retirement, Singlaub attended a meeting of right-wingers who "Did't think the country was being run properly and were interested in doing something about it". The meeting was hosted by Mitchell WerBell .

Singlaub now joined forces with Ted Shackley , Ray S. Cline and Richard Helms to get Jimmy Carter removed from the White House . In December, 1979, Singlaub and retired General Daniel Graham headed a delegation from the American Security Council , a private right-wing organization, on a trip to Guatemala . Singlaub pointed out that Ronald Reagan "recognizes that a good deal of dirty work has to be done" in order to destroy communism in Guatemala. "death squad activity in Guatemala increased dramatically following the trip." Upon his return to the United States Singlaub called for "sympathetic understanding of the death squads" (The Iran Contra Connection: Secret Teams and Covert Operations in the Reagan Era).

Singlaub returned to Guatemala in 1980. This time he went with General Gordon Sumner of the Council for inter-American Security . Singlaub again took a message from Ronald Reagan who was now campaigning for the Presidency of the United States. Singlaub told his audiences that "help was on the way in the form of Ronald Reagan".

Singlaub now became involved in extreme right-wing politics. He joined the World Anti-Communist League (WACL). Established in 1966 by the intelligence organizations of Taiwan and South Korea to provide anti-communist propaganda. Fascists played an important role in the WACL and at least three European chapters of the organization were controlled by former SS officers from Nazi Germany . By 1980 the WACL agreed that "Argentine counterterror and torture specialist would be dispatched to El Salvador to assist in the anti-communist struggle there". (Inside the League)

With a $20,000 loan from Taiwan , Singlaub created the U.S. Council for World Freedom (USCWF) in 1981. Singlaub was an advocate of unconventional warfare, which he defined as "low intensity actions, such as sabotage, terrorism, assassination and guerrilla warfare". Singlaub made clear that the USCWF would provide "support and assistance to the democratic, anti-communist Freedom Fighters of the world."

In a speech in San Diego, Singlaub argued: "I am convinced that our struggle with Communism is not a spectator sport. as a result of that view, we have opted for the court of action which calls for the provision of support and assistance to those who are actively resisting the Soviet supported intrusion into Africa, Asia and North America. The geographic regions of WACL must not only provide support to the freedom fighters who are engaged in combat in their own region, but they must develop plans of action to support the resistance movements in other regions of the world." Over the next few months committees were established to determine the needs of anti-communist resistance movements in Angola , Mozambique , Ethiopia , Laos , Cambodia , Vietnam , Nicaragua , and Afghanistan .

Singlaub enjoyed a good relationship with Ronald Reagan and in 1982 USCWF was granted tax-exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service . Singlaub had to give an undertaken that "at no time will the USCWF ever contemplate providing material or funds to any revolutionary, counter-revolutionary or liberation movement".

Soon afterwards Singlaub helped establish a company called GeoMiliTech Consultants Corporation (GMT) a Washington-based arms trading company. In 1984 it is believed that Singlaub organized a shipment of weapons, ammunition and C-4 explosives to the Contras (Inside the Shadow Government).

In January 1985, Singlaub visited South Korea and Taiwan in order to obtain money and weapons for the Contras. Later that year Singlaub developed a plan for a large military action called the "Rainbow Mission" which involved the invasion of Nicaragua by Americans and Contras . This plan was approved by Robert Owen and Oliver North . Soon afterwards Singlaub procured a $5.3 million of Eastern bloc arms for the Contras through GMT. This included 500 pounds of C-4, five ground-to-air missiles, grenades and mortars.

Questions began to be asked about Singlaub's relationship with Oliver North . On 7th October, 1985, Robert McFarlane denied that: "Lieutenant Colonel North did not use his influence to facilitate the movement of supplies to facilitate the movement of supplies to the resistance. There is no official or unofficial relationship with any member of the NSC staff regarding fund raising for the Nicaraguan democratic opposition. This includes the alleged relationship with General Singlaub."

In October, 1985, Congress agreed to vote 27 million dollars in non-lethal aid for the Contras in Nicaragua . However, members of the Ronald Reagan administration, including George Bush , decided to use this money to provide weapons to the Contras and the Mujahideen in Afghanistan .

Gene Wheaton was recruited to use National Air to transport these weapons. He agreed but began to have second thoughts when he discovered that Richard Secord was involved in the operation and in May 1986 Wheaton told William Casey , director of the CIA , about what he knew about this illegal operation. Casey refused to take any action, claiming that the agency or the government were not involved in what later became known as Irangate .

Wheaton now took his story to Daniel Sheehan , a left-wing lawyer. Wheaton told him that Thomas G. Clines and Ted Shackley had been running a top-secret assassination unit since the early 1960s. According to Wheaton, it had begun with an assassination training program for Cuban exiles and the original target had been Fidel Castro .

Wheaton also contacted Newt Royce and Mike Acoca, two journalists based in Washington . The first article on this scandal appeared in the San Francisco Examiner on 27th July, 1986. As a result of this story, Congressman Dante Facell wrote a letter to the Secretary of Defense, Casper Weinberger , asking him if it "true that foreign money, kickback money on programs, was being used to fund foreign covert operations." Two months later, Weinberger denied that the government knew about this illegal operation.

Singlaub agreed to divert press attention away from the activities of George H. W. Bush , Oliver North , William Casey , Donald P. Gregg , Robert Owen , Felix Rodriguez , Rafael Quintero , Ted Shackley , Richard L. Armitage , Thomas G. Clines and Richard Secord . He gave several interviews where he admitted raising money for the Contras. This included an article in Common Cause where he claimed he had raised "tens of million of dollars... for arms and ammunition".

This money was raised via the World Anti-Communist League. Most of this money came from the governments of Taiwan , South Korea and Saudi Arabia . As the U.S. Neutrality Act bans a private American organization from supplying weapons to foreign groups, Singlaub established a secret overseas bank account to collect this money.

On 5th October, 1986, a Sandinista patrol in Nicaragua shot down a C-123K cargo plane that was supplying the Contras. That night Felix Rodriguez made a telephone call to the office of George H. W. Bush . He told Bush aide, Samuel Watson, that the C-123k aircraft had gone missing.

Eugene Hasenfus , an Air America veteran, survived the crash and told his captors that he thought the CIA was behind the operation. He also provided information that several Cuban-Americans running the operation in El Salvador . This resulted in journalists being able to identify Rafael Quintero , Luis Posada and Felix Rodriguez as the Cuban-Americans mentioned by Hasenfus.

In an article in the Washington Post (11th October, 1986), the newspaper reported that George Bush and Donald P. Gregg were linked to Felix Rodriguez . It gradually emerged that Singlaub, Richard L. Armitage , William Casey , Thomas G. Clines , Oliver North , Edwin Wilson and Richard Secord were also involved in this conspiracy to provide arms to the Contras .

On 12th December, 1986, Daniel Sheehan submitted to the court an affidavit detailing the Irangate scandal. He also claimed that Thomas G. Clines and Ted Shackley were running a private assassination program that had evolved from projects they ran while working for the CIA. Others named as being part of this assassination team included Rafael Quintero , Richard Secord , Felix Rodriguez and Albert Hakim . It later emerged that Gene Wheaton and Carl E. Jenkins were the two main sources for this affidavit.

Six days after the publication of Sheehan's affidavit, William Casey underwent an operation for a "brain tumor". As a result of the operation, Casey lost the power of speech and died, literally without ever talking. On 9th February, Robert McFarlane , another person involved in the Iran-Contra Scandal , took an overdose of drugs.

In November, 1986, Ronald Reagan set-up a three man commission (President's Special Review Board). The three men were John Tower , Brent Scowcroft and Edmund Muskie . Richard L. Armitage was interviewed by the committee. He admitted that he had arranged a series of meetings between Menachem Meron , the director general of Israel's Ministry of Defence, with Oliver North and Richard Secord . However, he denied that he discussed the replenishment of Israeli TOW missiles with Meron.

According to Lawrence E. Walsh , who carried out the official investigation into the scandal (Iran-Contra: The Final Report): "By the spring of 1985 it became clear that Congress would not rescue the Contras any time soon. The House defeated a $14 million supplemental aid package in March, leaving the Contras to rely on North and his associates. Alfredo Calero found himself surrounded not only with recommended arms brokers like Secord - who by June 1985 had arranged several large arms shipments - but also willing broker/contribution solicitors like Singlaub."

Walsh also discovered that: "CIA officers in South Korea informed CIA headquarters on January 28, 1985, that retired U.S. Army Major General John K. Singlaub had asked the governing political party to contribute $2 million to the Contras. The Koreans told CIA personnel that some signal from the U.S. Government endorsing the Singlaub request would be necessary." Walsh obtained a memorandum from Oliver North to Robert McFarlane discussing this issue.

In 1991 John Singlaub published his autobiography, Hazardous Duty: An American Soldier in the Twentieth Century. The reviewer in The New York Times wrote: "In this readable, often engaging memoir, Jack Singlaub sounds like the kind of guy you would want with you in the trenches. But not necessarily after the shooting stops.

（上麵資料來源：http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKsinglaub.htm）

辛拉比少將寫有自傳。有興趣者，請點擊下麵：
Hazardous Duty. An American Soldier in the Twentieth Century