正文
如何培養兒童的寬容性格
10 ways parents can promote tolerance:
1. Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoing process; it cannot be captured in a single moment. Be willing to talk about differences and understanding day in and day out. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let children know that no subject is taboo.
2. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows, computer games and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin with a qualified statement: Andrew just called people of XYZ faith \'lunatics.\' What do you think about that, Zoe? Let children do most of the talking.
3. Challenge intolerance when it comes from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the child: What makes that joke funny, Jerome? Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect -- Mimi uses a walker, honey. How do you think she would feel about that joke? or How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?
4. Support your children when they are the victims of intolerance. Respect children\'s troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Don\'t minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and then brainstorm constructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks to use when children are the victims of name-calling.
5. Foster a healthy understanding of group identities. For tweens and teens, group identity is critical. Remind them, however, that: (a) Pride in our own group does not mandate disrespect for other groups; (b) Our group does not deserve privileges not available to other groups; (c) Other groups have just as much humanity as do ours; and (d) We should avoid putting other groups down as a way to elevate the status of our own group.
6. Showcase diversity materials in your home. Read books with multicultural and tolerance themes to your children. Bookmark equity and diversity Web sites on your home computer. Assess the cultural diversity reflected in your home\'s artwork, music and literature. Add something new. This holiday season, give multicultural dolls, toys or games as gifts.
7. Create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically at how a child defines normal. Expand the definition. Attend religious services at a variety of houses of worship. Visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present -- people of different races/ethnicities, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a child to spend time with elders -- grandparents, for example.
8. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can volunteer at a local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children interact with the community, the better. This will help convey the lesson that we are not islands unto ourselves.
9. Be honest about differences. Do not tell children that we are all the same; we\'re not. We experience the world in different ways, and those experiences matter.
10. Model the behavior you would like to see. As a parent and as your child\'s primary role model, be consistent in how you treat others. For example, how do you handle emotional issues with girls and boys? Do you attempt to distract crying boys but reassure crying girls? Does your voice take on a different tone with one group of people? Remember, you may say, Do as I say, not as I do, but actions really do speak louder than words. In a country, indeed a world of increasing diversity, tolerance isn\'t just a nice quality to have; it\'s an essential one.
促進兒童寬容心的十個步驟：
1、探討寬容。寬容教育是一個漸進的過程，它不可能在短時間內一躕而就，需要日複一日的探討人與人之間的客觀差異以及人與人之間相互理解的重要性。敞開心懷與孩子們暢談各種各樣的社會問題。讓兒童們明白生活中沒有什麽話題是禁忌，都可以公開討論。
2、恰當區分兒童所接觸到的偏激行為。適時指出電影電視節目、電腦遊戲及其它媒體塑造的定型人物或者傳達的錯誤信息；理直氣壯地麵對來自親朋好友的偏見，千萬不要錯失良機。如引出一個話題：“鄭家富指出人們信仰XYZ是精神不正常的瘋子。瘋子，佐伊，你怎麽看待這個問題？”讓孩子暢所欲言。
3、恰當麵對來自兒童之間的偏激行為。當兒童思想偏激或者崇拜定型人物，麵對孩子：“什麽事情這麽好談，傑羅母？”引導一些富有同情心且相互尊重的話題適時展開討論“親愛的鄰居家味咪使用學步車，你認為她是不是挺可愛？”或者“上周羅比取笑你戴眼睛，你感覺如何啊？”
4、當兒童成為偏激行為的受害者時全力關心和支持他們，父母親需正確麵對孩子的困境，千萬不能漠不關心。主動關愛受傷的孩子並適時進行思想教育。比如小孩靈活恰當地麵對侮辱謾罵。
5、培養兒童團隊歸屬感。青少年兒童擁有團隊歸屬感十分重要。不時適機地提醒他們：（1）為團隊驕傲，不要高高在上，隊友間需要相互幫助，而不能自以為是地指責隊友。
6、家中物品陳列多樣化。與兒童共同朗讀多元文化或者寬容心主題的優秀書籍；牆壁懸掛書畫作品；電腦上麵收藏各種相關網址；討論家中不同文化背景的藝術作品，音樂作品及文學作品的意義。假期，給孩子選購一些多元文化背景的禮物如布娃娃、玩具及電腦遊戲等。
7、創造機會，讓兒童與多種性格的人打交道。用批評的態度衡量“正常”兒童，放寬尺度，如參加宗教活動，觀看來自不同種族、不同民族、不同家庭背景的兒童的體育比賽，鼓勵孩子與老人如爺爺、奶奶共度時光等等。
8、鼓勵小孩參與社區活動，讓孩子關注世界饑餓問題並誌願服務於當地的福利院，這有助於提高兒童的認識：人類生存並非孤立無援而是同舟共濟，相互協作。
9、實事求是地對待人世間的差別。不要告訴孩子我們完全相同，我們絕對與眾不同。我們生活中的不同經曆，就是我們人生最珍貴的財富。
10、父母親言傳身教，以身作則。為人父母是兒童們主要模仿的榜樣，與父母親的為人處世密不可分。比如，你是怎樣處理兒童們的不同情緒的？你是否試圖分散豪啕大哭男孩子的注意力而安慰哭泣的女孩使她們心情舒暢呢？你是否對小組成員陰奉陽違呢？記住，你可能會說：“按照我說的去做，而不是我去做”，因此行勝於言。世界日益多元化，寬容不僅僅是人們的一種良好品質，它更是人們生活中不可或缺的一部分。
10 ways parents can promote tolerance:
1. Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoing process; it cannot be captured in a single moment. Be willing to talk about differences and understanding day in and day out. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let children know that no subject is taboo.
2. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows, computer games and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin with a qualified statement: Andrew just called people of XYZ faith \'lunatics.\' What do you think about that, Zoe? Let children do most of the talking.
3. Challenge intolerance when it comes from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the child: What makes that joke funny, Jerome? Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect -- Mimi uses a walker, honey. How do you think she would feel about that joke? or How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?
4. Support your children when they are the victims of intolerance. Respect children\'s troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Don\'t minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and then brainstorm constructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks to use when children are the victims of name-calling.
5. Foster a healthy understanding of group identities. For tweens and teens, group identity is critical. Remind them, however, that: (a) Pride in our own group does not mandate disrespect for other groups; (b) Our group does not deserve privileges not available to other groups; (c) Other groups have just as much humanity as do ours; and (d) We should avoid putting other groups down as a way to elevate the status of our own group.
6. Showcase diversity materials in your home. Read books with multicultural and tolerance themes to your children. Bookmark equity and diversity Web sites on your home computer. Assess the cultural diversity reflected in your home\'s artwork, music and literature. Add something new. This holiday season, give multicultural dolls, toys or games as gifts.
7. Create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically at how a child defines normal. Expand the definition. Attend religious services at a variety of houses of worship. Visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present -- people of different races/ethnicities, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a child to spend time with elders -- grandparents, for example.
8. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can volunteer at a local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children interact with the community, the better. This will help convey the lesson that we are not islands unto ourselves.
9. Be honest about differences. Do not tell children that we are all the same; we\'re not. We experience the world in different ways, and those experiences matter.
10. Model the behavior you would like to see. As a parent and as your child\'s primary role model, be consistent in how you treat others. For example, how do you handle emotional issues with girls and boys? Do you attempt to distract crying boys but reassure crying girls? Does your voice take on a different tone with one group of people? Remember, you may say, Do as I say, not as I do, but actions really do speak louder than words. In a country, indeed a world of increasing diversity, tolerance isn\'t just a nice quality to have; it\'s an essential one.
促進兒童寬容心的十個步驟：
1、探討寬容。寬容教育是一個漸進的過程，它不可能在短時間內一躕而就，需要日複一日的探討人與人之間的客觀差異以及人與人之間相互理解的重要性。敞開心懷與孩子們暢談各種各樣的社會問題。讓兒童們明白生活中沒有什麽話題是禁忌，都可以公開討論。
2、恰當區分兒童所接觸到的偏激行為。適時指出電影電視節目、電腦遊戲及其它媒體塑造的定型人物或者傳達的錯誤信息；理直氣壯地麵對來自親朋好友的偏見，千萬不要錯失良機。如引出一個話題：“鄭家富指出人們信仰XYZ是精神不正常的瘋子。瘋子，佐伊，你怎麽看待這個問題？”讓孩子暢所欲言。
3、恰當麵對來自兒童之間的偏激行為。當兒童思想偏激或者崇拜定型人物，麵對孩子：“什麽事情這麽好談，傑羅母？”引導一些富有同情心且相互尊重的話題適時展開討論“親愛的鄰居家味咪使用學步車，你認為她是不是挺可愛？”或者“上周羅比取笑你戴眼睛，你感覺如何啊？”
4、當兒童成為偏激行為的受害者時全力關心和支持他們，父母親需正確麵對孩子的困境，千萬不能漠不關心。主動關愛受傷的孩子並適時進行思想教育。比如小孩靈活恰當地麵對侮辱謾罵。
5、培養兒童團隊歸屬感。青少年兒童擁有團隊歸屬感十分重要。不時適機地提醒他們：（1）為團隊驕傲，不要高高在上，隊友間需要相互幫助，而不能自以為是地指責隊友。
6、家中物品陳列多樣化。與兒童共同朗讀多元文化或者寬容心主題的優秀書籍；牆壁懸掛書畫作品；電腦上麵收藏各種相關網址；討論家中不同文化背景的藝術作品，音樂作品及文學作品的意義。假期，給孩子選購一些多元文化背景的禮物如布娃娃、玩具及電腦遊戲等。
7、創造機會，讓兒童與多種性格的人打交道。用批評的態度衡量“正常”兒童，放寬尺度，如參加宗教活動，觀看來自不同種族、不同民族、不同家庭背景的兒童的體育比賽，鼓勵孩子與老人如爺爺、奶奶共度時光等等。
8、鼓勵小孩參與社區活動，讓孩子關注世界饑餓問題並誌願服務於當地的福利院，這有助於提高兒童的認識：人類生存並非孤立無援而是同舟共濟，相互協作。
9、實事求是地對待人世間的差別。不要告訴孩子我們完全相同，我們絕對與眾不同。我們生活中的不同經曆，就是我們人生最珍貴的財富。
10、父母親言傳身教，以身作則。為人父母是兒童們主要模仿的榜樣，與父母親的為人處世密不可分。比如，你是怎樣處理兒童們的不同情緒的？你是否試圖分散豪啕大哭男孩子的注意力而安慰哭泣的女孩使她們心情舒暢呢？你是否對小組成員陰奉陽違呢？記住，你可能會說：“按照我說的去做，而不是我去做”，因此行勝於言。世界日益多元化，寬容不僅僅是人們的一種良好品質，它更是人們生活中不可或缺的一部分。
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