“紮歐盆”(The Open),専有名詞,英國公開賽的全稱是英國公開錦標賽,始於1860年,是高爾夫四大滿貫中曆史最悠久的、最古老的賽事,由英國聖安德魯斯皇家古典高爾夫俱樂部主辦,每年7月的第三個周末舉辦。無論在球員心中還是在球迷心中,英國公開賽都有其獨特的不可動搖的曆史地位。
2020年4月6日,高爾夫英國公開賽主辦方宣布,原計劃於2020年7月16日在英格蘭皇家聖喬治高爾夫俱樂部舉行的英國公開賽取消。這是自二戰結束以來,這項發源於1860年的悠久賽事首次被取消。英國公開賽開始於1860年,Prestwick 俱樂部發信邀請幾個優秀的俱樂部推薦他們的球童參加一個為剛去世的 Allan Robertson 尋找接班人的比賽。而實際上,“公開賽”並不公開,僅有8人參加,他們是第一批職業選手。比賽的結果,比起 Allan Robertson 曾打出的驚人的79杆,冠軍 Willie Park 的36洞174杆成績相形見絀。
它由於業餘球手的抗議,第二年,主辦人宣布“比賽將向全世界敞開大門”,真正的公開賽成立了。雖然這一年也隻有12人參加,但已包括業餘球員。
開始的12屆,公開賽固定在 Prestwick 海濱球場舉行, 之後移師到聖安德魯斯(St . Andrews)老球場。其後比賽選擇不同的球場舉行,在這之前,已沿用了10年的冠軍獎品 - 鑲嵌銀牌的紅色皮帶,被現今聞名全世的“葡萄壺獎杯”(Claret Jug Trophy)代替。
公開賽早年,老湯姆.墨利斯與小湯姆.墨利斯(Old Tom Morris and Young Tom Morris) 是公開賽的常勝將軍。老湯姆共拿4次冠軍。小湯姆則連贏4次(1868、1869、1870、1871、1872停賽),且創下多項紀錄。
一次大戰後,公開賽由“皇室古典高爾夫俱樂部”(Royal and Ancient Golf Club) 主持,直到現在。
“紮歐盆”(The Open)英國高爾夫公開賽
The old course at St Andrews is the oldest golf course in the world. But it only got that name when a new course was built alongside it in 1895. It is a pablic course over common land in St Andrews and is held in trust by the St Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliament. The old course at St Andrews is considered to be the home of golf, the sport first being played there in the early 15th century, golf was popular in Scotland until JamesⅡ of Scotland banned the game in 1457. The game remained outlawed until 1502, when James Ⅵ took up golf and removed the ban.
Around 1800, the town council of St Andrews decided to allow rabbit farming of the golf course. The legal battling between golfers and rabbit farmers ended in 1821 when James Cheape of Starathyrum bought the land.
The course evolved without the help of anyone architect for many years. Although Old Tom Morris designed the 1st and 18th holes around 1863. The course has 112 bunkers, many with their own names and legends. The bunker on the 2nd is named after Sir Jammes Cheape who bought the golf course from the rabbit farmers in 1821. The Student's Bubker on the 4th are so called as they were allegedely once popular with sutudents wanting to seduce ladies. Two bunkers positioned either side of the approach to the 5th green are called the Spectacles Bunkers. The bunker on the 12th is called the Admiral. Legend has it that an Admiral fell into it after taking too long a look at a young lady in a red mini-skirt. The Raod hole bunker on the 17th has been called " The most notorious golf hazard in the world, It is known as The Sands of Nakajima. After all the bunkers, golfers have to get past the Valley of Sin- an 8 feet deep depression before the 18th putting green.
The Old course is homeof The Open Championship, the oldest golf tournament in the world. The Old Course has hosted The Open 29 times since 1873, more than any other course. The Open is currently played here every five years.
Although born in Scotland, Jack Hutchison was the first American to win The Open Championship with his win in 1921.
1921 also saw Bobby Jones first play St Andrews- he later went on to found Augusta National, home of The Masters. 1927 saw Bobby Jones win his secound Open Championship, his first at St Andrews. Jones remained an amateur throughout his golfing career- consequently earning no prize money. He retired from golf aged 28 and joined his father's law firm. In1958 he was made a Freeman of the city of St Andrews, only the secound American- after Benjamin Franklin- to recieve the honour. He said " I could take out of my life everything but my experiences here is St Andews and I would still have had a rich and full life."
Denny Shute was the Open title by five strokes in a playoff in 1933. Due to WWⅡ, 1939's winner - Dick Burton- held the Open Championship for 7 years. Sam Snead won The Open in 1946- but lost money because of the cost of tavelling from America. 1955 saw the second of Peter Thomson's three straight Open titles, and five overall.
Bwtween 1949 and 1957, Bobby Locke won the Open Championship and saw Australian Ken Nagle beat Arnold Palmer.
Tony Lema won 12 times on tour, but 1964 was his only major. Sadly Lema and his wife died in a plane crsh two years later. 1970 saw Jack Nicklaus win a play off to take his secound OpenChampionship. Jak Nicklaus won his third Open Championship in1978, completing the carrer Grand Slam for the third times. An epic final day in 1984, saw Seve Ballesteros beat Bernhard Langer, Tom Watosn, Fred Couples, Landy Wadkins, NIck Faldo and Greg Norman. 1990 saw Nick Faldo win- along with his caddie Fanny Sunesson. A tense palyaoff against Costantio Rocca saw John Daly win in 1995. 1995 also saw the final apperance of Arnold Palmer and the first apperance of a talented amateur called Tiger Woods. Winning the 2000 Open gave Tiger Woods his secound consecutive majyor championship. Making him only the fifth golfer, and the youngest, to complete the carrere Grand Slam of all four majyors. Woods won by eight strokes, set a new Open scoring record with 19 under par, and did not hit a single bunker the entire tournament. 2005 saw Tiger Woods victorious again- it was his 10 the majyor championship win. It was also Jack Nickulaus's last Open Championship. In 2010, the 140th anniversary of the first Open Championship was won by Louis Oosthuizen. Zach Johnson was the last player to win The Open at St Andrews in 2015. The 150 Open Championship Old Course, St Andrews July 10-17, 2022
中文:聖安德魯斯的老球場是世界上最古老的高爾夫球場。但它隻是在 1895 年在它旁邊建造了一個新球場時才得名。它是聖安德魯斯公共土地上的公共球場,由聖安德魯斯鏈接信托基金根據議會法案托管。聖安德魯斯的老球場被認為是高爾夫的發源地,這項運動於 15 世紀初開始在此進行,高爾夫在蘇格蘭很流行,直到 1457 年蘇格蘭的詹姆斯二世禁止這項運動。直到 1502 年,這項運動一直是非法的。詹姆斯 Ⅵ 開始打高爾夫球,解除了禁令。
1800 年左右,聖安德魯斯市議會決定允許在高爾夫球場進行兔子養殖。 1821 年,Starathyrum 的 James Cheape 買下了這片土地,高爾夫球手和兔農之間的法律鬥爭結束了。
多年來,該課程在沒有任何建築師幫助的情況下不斷發展。雖然老湯姆莫裏斯在 1863 年左右設計了第 1 洞和第 18 洞。球場有 112 個沙坑,其中許多都有自己的名字和傳說。 2 號的沙坑以 1821 年從兔農手中買下高爾夫球場的 Jammes Cheape 爵士的名字命名。4 號的Student's Bubker 之所以如此稱呼,是因為據稱它們曾經受到想要勾引女士的學生的歡迎。位於 5 號果嶺入口兩側的兩個沙坑稱為眼鏡式沙坑。 12號的碉堡叫海軍上將。傳說,一位海軍上將看了一位身穿紅色超短裙的少女,久而久之,便落入其中。 17 號的 Raod 洞沙坑被稱為“世界上最臭名昭著的高爾夫球場,它被稱為中島之沙。在所有沙坑之後,高爾夫球手必須經過新安穀 - 8 英尺深的窪地第 18 洞果嶺。
老球場是世界上最古老的高爾夫錦標賽英國公開賽的主場。自 1873 年以來,老球場舉辦了 29 次公開賽,比任何其他球場都多。公開賽目前每五年在這裏舉行一次。
盡管出生在蘇格蘭,傑克·哈奇森是第一個在 1921 年贏得英國公開賽冠軍的美國人。
1921 年,鮑比·瓊斯也首次參加了聖安德魯斯比賽——他後來繼續創立了大師賽的主場奧古斯塔國家隊。 1927 年,鮑比瓊斯贏得了他的第二次公開賽冠軍,這是他在聖安德魯斯的第一次。瓊斯在他的高爾夫生涯中一直是業餘愛好者——因此沒有獲得任何獎金。他在 28 歲時從高爾夫球場退役,並加入了父親的律師事務所。 1958 年,他成為聖安德魯斯市的自由人,隻有繼本傑明·富蘭克林之後的第二位美國人獲得此殊榮。他說:“我可以從我的生活中抽出一切,但我在這裏的經曆是聖安德魯斯,我仍然會擁有豐富而充實的生活。”
丹尼舒特在 1933 年的一場季後賽中以 5 杆的優勢獲得公開賽冠軍。由於二戰,1939 年的冠軍——迪克伯頓——連續 7 年獲得公開賽冠軍。山姆·史立德在 1946 年贏得了英國公開賽,但因為從美國來的費用而賠錢。 1955 年是彼得湯姆森連續三屆公開賽冠軍中的第二個,總共五次。
1949 年和 1957 年,鮑比·洛克贏得了英國公開賽冠軍,並見證了澳大利亞人肯·納格爾擊敗阿諾德·帕爾默。
托尼·勒馬(Tony Lema)在巡回賽中贏得了 12 次勝利,但 1964 年是他唯一的大滿貫賽。可悲的是,Lema 和他的妻子在兩年後死於飛機墜毀。 1970 年,傑克尼克勞斯贏得了一場比賽,獲得了他的第二次公開錦標賽。傑克尼克勞斯在 1978 年贏得了他的第三個公開賽冠軍,第三次完成了 Carrer 大滿貫。 1984 年史詩般的最後一天,Seve Ballesteros 擊敗了 Bernhard Langer、Tom Watosn、Fred Couples、Landy Wadkins、NIck Faldo 和 Greg Norman。 1990 年,尼克·佛度和他的球童範妮·蘇尼森一起獲勝。與 Costantio Rocca 的一場緊張的淘汰賽讓 John Daly 在 1995 年獲勝。1995 年還見證了 Arnold Palmer 的最後一次出場以及一位名叫 Tiger Woods 的天才業餘選手的首次出場。贏得 2000 年公開賽讓泰格伍茲連續第二次獲得大滿貫冠軍。使他成為完成所有四個大滿貫賽事的第五位也是最年輕的高爾夫球手。伍茲以 8 杆的優勢獲勝,以低於標準杆 19 杆的成績創造了新的公開賽得分紀錄,並且整場比賽都沒有擊中一個沙坑。 2005 年老虎伍茲再次奪冠——這是他第 10 次獲得大滿貫冠軍。這也是傑克尼克勞斯的最後一次公開錦標賽。 2010 年,Louis Oosthuizen 贏得了首屆公開錦標賽 140 周年紀念。紮克·約翰遜是 2015 年在聖安德魯斯贏得公開賽的最後一位球員。2022 年 7 月 10 日至 17 日,聖安德魯斯 150 場公開賽老球場。
大滿貫-英國公開賽第一輪,泰格-伍茲交出78杆,高於標準杆6杆,排名並列T146位。新鮮的打痕Divot:(打高爾夫球等時不小心削起的)一塊草皮和泥土;(擊球時削起的)一塊草皮,草皮斷片。
82個美巡賽冠軍得主的情況越來越差。從那裏開始,他一直艱難搏鬥。當他6個小時的一輪最終完成的時候,他交出78杆,高於標準杆6杆,落後美巡賽新人卡梅隆-楊(Cameron Young)14杆。卡梅隆-楊全天無柏忌,打出64杆。“我並不覺得自己打得有那麽差,可是我最終落到了糟糕的位置上。又或者發生一些奇怪的事情。現實就是這樣。林克斯就是這樣。這座高爾夫球場就是這樣。”伍茲說。
“有時候它會順著你來。有時候會轉向另外一頭,而且看上去永遠都不會回來。無論你搏鬥得多麽努力。接下來,我因為在果嶺上找不準速度,加重了問題。”
成千上萬人希望三屆英國公開賽冠軍有更奇妙的發揮。他們沒有如願。可他們仍舊忠誠地觀看著伍茲打球。