我為何公布南京條約英文版

我為何公布南京條約英文版 我在ddhw縱論天下發了<<台灣自古中國地後>>,有個化名泡泡熊的跟帖說:嚴格地說，古代“中國”是一個形容詞，而不是一個專有名詞。當然，曆史上的“中國”不等於今天“中國”的範圍。我國古代各個王朝都沒有把“中國”作為正式國名。漢朝的國號是“漢”，唐朝的國號是“唐”，以後建立的王朝國號有宋、遼、金、元、明等，清政府與外國簽訂的條約上簽署的國名是“大清”。 直到辛亥革命後，才把“中國”作為“中華民國”的簡稱。解放後，我們也把“中國”作為“中華人民共和國”的簡稱。現在，世界上隻有一個“中國”，就是中華人民共和國。 我不清楚他的說法是自造還是抄來，就在我未複時，他於11/24網上公布了“南京條約”原文，供我參考,我看到文中有如下提法: 凡係大英國人，無論本國、屬國軍民等，今在中國所管轄各地方被禁者，大清大皇帝準即釋放。　　九、凡係中國人，前在英人所據之邑居住者，或與英人有來往者，或有跟隨及候候英國官人者，均由大皇帝俯降禦旨，譽錄天下，恩準全然免罪；且凡係中國人，為英國事被拿監禁受難者，亦加恩釋放。　　十、英國貨物自在某港按例納稅後，即準由中國商人遍運天下，而路所經過稅關不得加重稅例，隻可按估價則例若幹，每兩加稅不過分。　　十一、議定英國住中國之總管大員，與大清大臣無論京內、京外者，有文書來往，用照會字樣；　　十二、俟奉大清大皇帝允準和約各條施行，並以此時準交之六百萬員交清，大英水陸軍士當即退出江寧、京口等處江麵，並不再行攔阻中國各省商賈貿易。　　 1842年簽的條約，文中卻使用中國和中國人的提法。在我指出後, 泡泡熊回複:”我也很奇怪，但是清朝正式的國名是“大清國”沒錯吧。”為揭開此類不懂裝懂人的破綻,我才公布南京條約英文版,大家發現,文中多處用China. Chinese.至於為什麽我後邊有續文. 喪權辱國的南京條約全文（英文版）THE TREATY OF NANKINGNanking, August 29, 1842Peace Treaty between the Queen of Great Britain and the Emperor of China.This treaty between Britain and China ended the first opium war, fought between 1839 and 1842. The occasion for the war was the destruction in May 1839 by the Chinese emperor's 'drug tsar', Lin Zexu, of thousands of casks of Indian opium, without compensation, that were destined to be sold by the private British traders operating in Canton harbor to Chinese dealers in defiance of a ban placed on the illegal substance by theChinese government. Despite the ban, the British government supported the traders on the specious grounds that suppression of the drug was Chinaresponsibility only and that it should not proceed by an assault on the property (i.e., opium) of British subjects.The fighting, via sporadic land and naval battles, ended in complete victory for Britain which was thus in a position to impose the following onerous terms on China in relation to the opening of additional ports of trade and the elimination of barriers to the convenient conduct of a centuries old lawful trade. Note that no mention is made of opium which continued to be an illegal substance. Moreover, the drug trade could now continue without interruption as far as the traders were concerned for the treaty also ceded to Britain the offshore island of Hong Kong where the opium traders could thenceforth conduct their illegal operations.HER MAJESTY the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor ofChina, being desirous of putting an end to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which have arisen between the two countries, have resolved to conclude a Treaty for that purpose . . . . . . .Who, after having communicated to each other their respective Full Powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following [selected] Articles:I.The Government ofChina having compelled the British merchants trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese merchants, called Hong merchants (or Co-Hong), who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all ports where British merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please; and His Imperial Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of 3,000,000 of dollars, on account of debts due to British subjects by some of the said Hong merchants (or Co-Hong), who have become insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.There shall henceforward be peace and friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Majesty the Emperor of China and between their respective subjects, who shall enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the dominions of the other.II.His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees, that British subjects, with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the purposes of carrying on their mercantile pursuits, without molestation or restraint, at the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochowfoo, Ningpo, and Shanghai; and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., will appoint Superintendents, or Consular officers, to reside at each of the above-named cities or towns, to be the medium of communication between the Chinese authorities and the said merchants, and to see that the just duties and other dues of theChinese Government, as hereafter provided for, are duly discharged by Her Britannic Majesty's subjects.III.It being obviously necessary and desirable that British subjects should have some port whereat they may [maintain] and refit their ships when required, and keep stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of China cedes to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., the Island of Hong-Kong, to be possessed in perpetuity by Her Britannic Majesty, her heirs and successors, and to be governed by such laws and regulations as Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, &c., shall see fit to direct.IV.The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of 6,000,000 of dollars, as the value of the opium which was delivered up at Canton in the month of March, 1839, as a ransom for the lives of Her Britannic Majesty's Superintendent and subjects, who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese High OfficersAnd it is further stipulated, that interest, at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, shall be paid by the Government of China on any portion of the above sums that are not punctually discharged at the periods fixed.