The basic rules of formal logic include the following principles:
1// Law of Identity: A statement is always true to itself (A is A).
2// Law of Non-Contradiction: A statement cannot be both true and false simultaneously (A is not non-A).
3// Law of Excluded Middle: A statement is either true or false, with no middle ground (either A or non-A).
4// Modus Ponens: If P implies Q, and P is true, then Q must also be true.
5// Modus Tollens: If P implies Q, and Q is false, then P must also be false.
6// Hypothetical Syllogism: If P implies Q, and Q implies R, then P implies R.
These fundamental principles form the basis of valid deductive reasoning and are essential for constructing coherent arguments and making sound logical inferences in various fields such as mathematics, philosophy, and science.
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extrapolate the below notes to tell right from wrong logical argument: " "實際運用特別是在不經意的時候碰上各種邏輯推理組合起來時能應對正確才體現了功力" Can you provide an instance of such situation? I have been curious about what can not be done without formal logic and never got a direct response.
比如: 對美國槍權的討論： 現在提出的禁止攻擊性武器。 槍權人士說，今天禁了攻擊性武器， 以後會逐步禁下去， 最後整體禁槍。 這句話本身就犯了邏輯滑坡的錯誤。
還有樓上提到的， 有人提出了形式邏輯的重要性。 另一些人會樹個“形式邏輯能解決所有問題”的靶子進行攻擊， 這就犯了稻草人的邏輯錯誤。 "
一， 形式邏輯是非常重要的。 在探求真理的領域， 比如科研， 如果哪點推理不符合形式邏輯， 結論就站不住腳 （站不住腳不等同於不對）。 形式邏輯是批判性思維的基礎。 特別是今天的時代， 謠言與虛假信息滿天飛，不斷加強形式邏輯不但有益於我們在日常生活中不受騙， 也是我們工作中做決策， 參與政治討論的必不可少的工具。
形式邏輯每一個邏輯單挑出來都是很簡單的，但是在實際運用中非常容易出錯。 人在學習一樣東西時，很多時候以為道理很簡單， 但是實際運用特別是在不經意的時候碰上各種邏輯推理組合起來時能應對正確才體現了功力。 我們這裏不是為了顯擺或者吹牛展示功力， 而是為了在實際中能辨別真假， 並且做到自己的文章自己的推理沒有邏輯錯誤是非常有必要而且是非常難的。 形式邏輯訓練與加強是一生的功課。
二， 形式邏輯不是萬能藥。 這似乎是明擺著的事， 本來感覺沒有討論的必要。但是在茶壇看了很多以此為靶的貼，就稍微說兩句。 在人的日常生活， 工作學習， 政治生活裏， 語文重要， 數學重要， 身體重要，經驗重要， 直覺也很重要。 形式邏輯在人生與民生裏隻是一個必要的零件， 對任何一件事都不是充分的條件。
如果形式邏輯是骨， 文字是肉， 你能去比較是骨頭重要還是肉重要嗎？ 這沒的比，也沒有必要比，我也實在想不出來為什麽要做這樣的比較。 我在茶壇裏隻看到了有人對簡單的形式邏輯進行了介紹，似乎沒有看到有人推崇形式邏輯是萬能藥， 萬金油。 不太能理解為什麽這會引起爭論。"
ChatGPT
Certainly, the provided notes illustrate a discussion about the importance and limitations of formal logic. The argument suggests that while formal logic is crucial in critical thinking and decision-making processes, it is not a panacea and must be combined with other factors such as language, mathematics, experience, and intuition. The discussion highlights that although formal logic provides a foundation for critical thinking, it is not sufficient on its own. The importance of discerning and avoiding logical fallacies in everyday life, work, and political discussions is emphasized. The discussion emphasizes the complexity of applying logical reasoning in various situations and underscores the necessity of continual training and reinforcement in formal logic.
[User]
Can you provide an instance of such situation? I have been curious about what can not be done without formal logic and never got a direct response.
ChatGPT
Certainly, consider the following scenario: In a legal setting, a lawyer is presenting a case to a jury. The lawyer must use formal logic to construct a coherent argument that is free from fallacies. By applying logical reasoning, the lawyer can establish a clear and convincing narrative that adheres to legal principles and evidence. Without employing formal logic, the lawyer's argument may lack coherence and fail to persuade the jury, potentially leading to an unjust outcome. Therefore, in the context of the legal system, formal logic plays a pivotal role in ensuring a fair and just trial.
[User]
be more specific to cases?
ChatGPT
Certainly, here is a specific case example where formal logic is crucial:
In a medical diagnosis process, a doctor is presented with complex symptoms and test results from a patient. The doctor must employ formal logic to analyze the data and arrive at a correct diagnosis. By applying logical reasoning, the doctor can rule out certain conditions based on the evidence and narrow down potential diagnoses. Without the application of formal logic, the doctor's assessment may lack clarity and accuracy, leading to misdiagnosis and potentially harmful treatment. Therefore, in the field of medicine, the use of formal logic is essential for making informed and accurate decisions that directly impact patient well-being.
[User]
boggle down to specific medical conditions?
ChatGPT
Certainly, here is a specific medical scenario where formal logic is critical:
Consider the diagnosis of a patient with symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and persistent cough. These symptoms could potentially be indicative of various conditions, including tuberculosis, lung cancer, or a chronic respiratory infection. By employing formal logic, the doctor can systematically analyze the patient's medical history, conduct relevant tests, and interpret the results to differentiate between these conditions. Without the application of formal logic, the doctor may struggle to discern the specific underlying cause, leading to delayed or incorrect treatment, which could significantly impact the patient's health and well-being. Therefore, in complex medical cases, formal logic is indispensable in ensuring accurate diagnoses and effective patient care.
[User]
basic rules of formal logic?
ChatGPT
所有跟帖：
• 不難理解啊 -dancingwolf- 
(371 bytes) (16 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 12:57:24
• 如果真是這樣， -SwiperTheFox- (65 bytes) (18 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 12:59:13
• 邏輯重要，直覺也重要，但都不是萬能的，也無法直接比較。某人自己豎個稻草人說邏輯是萬能的 -jinjiaodw- (0 bytes) (0 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 13:27:10
• 哈哈哈太有意思了。俺反駁“缺陷貼”的論點之一就是形式邏輯並不是所有判斷的唯一機製，因此不能把落後簡單歸為中國人的邏輯缺陷 -stonebench- (0 bytes) (3 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 13:46:53
• 現在兩位反方跳出來指責"邏輯萬能論“，真是，讓俺說啥好 -stonebench- (363 bytes) (6 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 13:51:12
• 我稍微考了一下古， 沒有看到有網友說“中國人沒有邏輯“ -SwiperTheFox- (0 bytes) (4 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 13:53:50
• "實際運用特別是在不經意的時候碰上各種邏輯推理組合起來時能應對正確才體現了功力" -中間小謝- (156 bytes) (16 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 13:08:02
• 比如 -SwiperTheFox- (469 bytes) (14 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 13:15:27
• How is it so? -中間小謝- (0 bytes) (1 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 13:16:54
• 俺參與討論的原因開始是認為“中國人的邏輯有缺陷”說法不合適。後來是為指出正常區別詞義更需要邏輯能力 -stonebench- (758 bytes) (14 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 13:30:34
• 嗯不對。其實是更可能是跟俺的郭德綱的邏輯貼有關，那貼更早，大概是引來中國人的邏輯有缺陷貼的原因。 -stonebench- (0 bytes) (4 reads) 11/08/2023 postreply 13:44:32
