罕見！美現任、前任防長公開嗆川普 反對動軍隊平示威
08:572020/06/04 中時電子報 馮英誌

 

美國非裔遭白人警員不當執法致死引起全國公憤，示威已遍布全美上百城市，而總統川普1日卻為了臨時從白宮赴聖約翰教堂拍照，不僅動用催淚瓦斯驅散民眾，更在白宮演說中聲稱要不惜部屬重裝部隊防範暴動，更加激起眾怒。對此，美國防部長艾斯培公開表示反對川普以「暴亂法」動用軍隊平息示威，而前任國防部長馬蒂斯退任後罕見打破沉默，直嗆川普是「威脅憲法的人」。

 

據美國有線電視新聞網（CNN）報導，艾斯培（Mark Esper）3日表示，他不支持川普動用部隊平息全美境內大規模示威，表示「現在還不到這時候」，對先前要部署軍隊的川普保持距離。

 

艾斯培強調，除非到了最後一刻，才會需要動用部隊作為執法人員，且隻會當爆發極度緊急嚴重的狀況時使用，但「我們現在並未處於此情境」。不過他也澄清，國民兵並未向人群發射橡皮子彈或催淚彈；要求警備人員戴上鋼盔與個人防務裝備是為了自我保護，並非是某種形式的威嚇。

 

另外據《大西洋》雜誌報導，曾在任內多此與川普出現分歧、最後川普執意從敘利亞撤軍的而請辭的馬蒂斯（James Mattis）自離職後首次打破沉默，在目睹近日示威與衝突感到震驚，直嗆「川普是我一生中，第一次遇到未嘗試團結美國人民的總統，『甚至連裝都不想裝』；相反的，他想要分裂我們」。他感嘆，「我們正目睹他任內3年中他刻意惡為的後果，我們正目睹沒有真正領導的3年」，並呼籲美國人民「必須向那些可能會嘲弄憲法的在位官員們負責」。

 

而在艾斯培表態不久後，陸軍部長麥卡錫（Ryan McCarthy）向美聯社表示，在艾斯培赴白宮開會後，他被告知將撤回原本將在華府特區的部屬200名士兵與82空降師的快速反應部隊的決定。

 

至於艾斯培公開對川普唱反調是否會丟官，白宮發言人麥肯內尼（Kayleigh McEnany）在表示，如果川普對艾斯培失去信心，「我相信你們都會第一個知道」。她接著語帶保留地說表示，「至於現在，艾斯培部長仍是艾斯培部長」。

 

(見： https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20200604001393-260408?chdtv)

團結就是力量

詹姆斯·馬提斯

 

我目睹了本周發生的事件，感到憤怒且震驚。美國最高法院的門廊上刻著：”法律麵前人人平等 “，這也正是抗議者的合理要求。對這個有益凝聚人心的訴求，我們所有人都應該支持。我們絕不能因為少數人違法而轉移焦點。成千上萬有良知的人們堅持要我們踐行的價值觀定義了這次示威——那就是我們作為美國人的價值觀和作為國家的價值觀。

五十年前我剛入伍的時候，曾宣誓支持和捍衛憲法。我做夢也沒想到，做了同樣宣誓的部隊會在何種情況下被命令去侵犯同胞的憲法權利，更不會為著讓三軍統帥（總統）搞離奇的擺拍秀而違憲，何況軍方領導層居然還在旁隨侍。

 

我們必須拒絕任何讓部隊“控製”我們的城市、以及任何將這些城市描繪為“戰鬥空間”的想法。在我們自己的國土上，隻有在極罕見的情況下，而且必須是由州長要求，我們才能動用軍隊。使用軍事化的回應，也就是當下我們在華府看到的情況，隻是徒然在軍隊以及平民社會之間，製造衝突——一種虛假的衝突。這會腐蝕維係著穿軍服的人和他們誓言保護的社會之間得以建立信任關係的道德基礎，況且軍人自己就是人民的一部分。維持公共秩序的責任在州與地方的文職領導手中，他們最了解自己的社區並對社區公眾負責。

 

詹姆斯·麥迪遜在《聯邦黨人文集》第14篇寫道：”縱使隻有少數軍隊或沒有一兵一卒，一個團結的美國，也要比一個擁有十萬精兵備戰但分崩離析的美國，更讓有野心的外敵望而生畏。” 我們不需要對抗議活動采取軍事化的應對措施。我們需要團結在一個共同的目標周圍。這首先要保證我們所有人在法律麵前一律平等。

 

在諾曼第登陸前，軍方提醒士兵：“納粹的標語是『分裂敵人、各個擊破』。而我們美國的回應，是『團結就是力量』。”我們必須喚起這種團結以克服這場危機，堅信我們自己要強過我們的政治。

 

唐納德·特朗普是我這輩子唯一遇過毫不嚐試團結美國人民的總統——甚至連假裝去團結都沒有。相反地，他試圖分化我們。我們見證了他三年以來處心積慮分化的後果，我們正在目睹三年來不成熟的領導造成的後果。我們不需要他也可以團結，我們必須發揮公民社會凝聚的團結力量。正如過去幾天來的情況所表明的那樣，這並不容易，但我們要感謝同胞們；感謝為捍衛承諾而流血的前輩，也感謝孩子們。

 

我們可以帶著全新的使命感和相互尊重的心，更堅強地度過這個試煉的時刻。這場大流行病向我們表明，不僅是我們的部隊願意為社會的安全做出最終的犧牲。在醫院、雜貨店、郵局和其他地方的美國人，為了服務於他們的同胞和國家，把自己的生命置之度外。我們知道，我們比在拉斐特廣場濫用行政權力的行為要好。對那些嘲弄我國憲法的當政者，我們必須拒絕，並追究他們的責任。同時，我們必須記住林肯 “更好的天使”的那段話，一起聆聽、團結。

 

隻有走一新的道路——實際上，這意味著回到我們建國理想的最初道路上——我們才會再次成為一個在國內外受到敬仰和尊重的國家。

附英文：

 

In Union There Is Strength

I have watched this week’s unfolding events, angry and appalled. The words “Equal Justice Under Law” are carved in the pediment of the United States Supreme Court. This is precisely what protesters are rightly demanding. It is a wholesome and unifying demand—one that all of us should be able to get behind. We must not be distracted by a small number of lawbreakers. The protests are defined by tens of thousands of people of conscience who are insisting that we live up to our values—our values as people and our values as a nation.

 

When I joined the military, some 50 years ago, I swore an oath to support and defend the Constitution. Never did I dream that troops taking that same oath would be ordered under any circumstance to violate the Constitutional rights of their fellow citizens—much less to provide a bizarre photo op for the elected commander-in-chief, with military leadership standing alongside.

 

We must reject any thinking of our cities as a “battlespace” that our uniformed military is called upon to “dominate.” At home, we should use our military only when requested to do so, on very rare occasions, by state governors. Militarizing our response, as we witnessed in Washington, D.C., sets up a conflict—a false conflict—between the military and civilian society. It erodes the moral ground that ensures a trusted bond between men and women in uniform and the society they are sworn to protect, and of which they themselves are a part. Keeping public order rests with civilian state and local leaders who best understand their communities and are answerable to them.

 

James Madison wrote in Federalist 14 that “America united with a handful of troops, or without a single soldier, exhibits a more forbidding posture to foreign ambition than America disunited, with a hundred thousand veterans ready for combat.” We do not need to militarize our response to protests. We need to unite around a common purpose. And it starts by guaranteeing that all of us are equal before the law.

 

Instructions given by the military departments to our troops before the Normandy invasion reminded soldiers that “The Nazi slogan for destroying us…was ‘Divide and Conquer.’ Our American answer is ‘In Union there is Strength.’” We must summon that unity to surmount this crisis—confident that we are better than our politics.

 

Donald Trump is the first president in my lifetime who does not try to unite the American people—does not even pretend to try. Instead he tries to divide us. We are witnessing the consequences of three years of this deliberate effort. We are witnessing the consequences of three years without mature leadership. We can unite without him, drawing on the strengths inherent in our civil society. This will not be easy, as the past few days have shown, but we owe it to our fellow citizens; to past generations that bled to defend our promise; and to our children.

We can come through this trying time stronger, and with a renewed sense of purpose and respect for one another. The pandemic has shown us that it is not only our troops who are willing to offer the ultimate sacrifice for the safety of the community. Americans in hospitals, grocery stores, post offices, and elsewhere have put their lives on the line in order to serve their fellow citizens and their country. We know that we are better than the abuse of executive authority that we witnessed in Lafayette Square. We must reject and hold accountable those in office who would make a mockery of our Constitution. At the same time, we must remember Lincoln’s “better angels,” and listen to them, as we work to unite.

Only by adopting a new path—which means, in truth, returning to the original path of our founding ideals—will we again be a country admired and respected at home and abroad.

 

James Mattis

 

(見：https://chineseamerican.org/p/31659 ;
見：https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/06/james-mattis-denounces-trump-protests-militarization/612640/ ）