【語法補補課】 虛擬語氣 （ZT)

虛擬語氣用來表達不可能或難以實現的願望，與事實相反的假設，通常分為基本的三種形式。

1. 與現在事實相反的虛擬：

If did / were , 

would

should

could do （動詞原形）

might

If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)

If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)

2. 與過去事實相反的虛擬：

If had done ,  would (might) have done ...

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.

(I didn't know your telephone number.)

If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her.

(You didn't come here earlier.)

3. 與將來事實相反的虛擬：

(1) If should v.,   would v.

（可能性很小）（譯作“萬一”）

If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.

If I should fail, what should Ido?

(2) If did / were to v , would v.

（完全不可能）

If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.

If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.

4. 金牌特殊重點：！！

［簡單聯想記憶］：

● 下列動詞後的“賓語從句”中需要用虛擬形式，即should 動詞原形，shoud在美國英語中要省略（TOEFL語法考點）。此類常見的動詞有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest（建議）insist（堅決要求），advise, etc.

例句：He suggested that we (should) help them with English.

The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.

 

● 下列名詞後的同位語從句中要用“should 動詞原形”（should可省去）的虛擬。

suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.

He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.

I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.

 

● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. that 主語 should v.

It is strange that you should say such a thing.

It was important that you should tell me all the information.

 

● wish後的賓語從句中，as if 後的狀語從句中，須用下列的虛擬形式：

主 wish (that) 主 did / were（指現在）

had done（指過去）

would v.（指將來）

I wish that I met my uncle now.

I wish I had met my uncle yesterday.

IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow.

 

● It is (high) time that ... did / were ...

It is time that you went to bed.

 

● would rather that ... did / were ...

I would rather that you were not here now.

 

● would sooner that ... did / were ...

I would sooner that you got up earlier.

I would sooner that you were not my brother.

轉自：http://www.qiewo.com/html/20091106/26347.html 

所有跟帖： 

• 翻譯聽寫的“選擇職業”涉及到了虛擬語氣。愚公，NewVoice,小薇，Newton都用對了。語法功底深厚 -beautifulwind- ♀ (1636 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 21:31:52

• 俺也虛擬了一下，放錯地方了？ 為啥不能放前麵？ 我虛擬的是養成習慣，你們都虛擬浪費時間 -jennea- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:04:33

• 這句話是對過去進行虛擬，你的if是對過去虛擬嗎？看看我的原貼，你的虛擬屬於哪一種啊？ -beautifulwind- ♀ (459 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:12:38

• 看了你的補課，才意識到我搞反了。我somehow 以為“實際沒有”的那個clause才要have -jennea- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:15:04

• 好多真的沒聽說過。尤其是那個金牌重點。 金牌重謝美仙補課！！ -jennea- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:13:19

• 謝謝Jennea支持！我還是喜歡“美風”的。你要是不喜歡恩仙，我接著叫你jennea好了。都是金帝搗亂造成的。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (155 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:22:06

• 叫jennea吧，嗯仙叫的我輩分太高了，惴惴不安～～ -jennea- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:25:14

• 好！ -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:26:05

• 哈哈，美仙？ 瞎整。 -EnLearner- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:25:24

• 挺美的名字啊，你也反對，瞎整 -jennea- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:33:11

• 再瞎整下去，文豬腳要告咱侵權了。 -EnLearner- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:37:46

• 不美。瞎整。 -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 22:52:25

• 哈哈， 周末愉快，度假快樂！！！ -jennea- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 23:07:50

• 謝謝jennea！！！ 周末愉快！！！ -beautifulwind- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/02/2011 postreply 23:11:40

• 繼續補課，謝謝分享，節日周末快樂。 -婉蕠- ♀ (0 bytes) () 09/03/2011 postreply 08:19:18