【語法補補課】 虛擬語氣 （ZT)

虛擬語氣用來表達不可能或難以實現的願望，與事實相反的假設，通常分為基本的三種形式。

1. 與現在事實相反的虛擬：

If did / were , 

would

should

could do （動詞原形）

might

If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)

If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)

2. 與過去事實相反的虛擬：

If had done ,  would (might) have done ...

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.

(I didn't know your telephone number.)

If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her.

(You didn't come here earlier.)

3. 與將來事實相反的虛擬：

(1) If should v.,   would v.

（可能性很小）（譯作“萬一”）

If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.

If I should fail, what should Ido?

(2) If did / were to v , would v.

（完全不可能）

If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.

If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.

4. 金牌特殊重點：！！

［簡單聯想記憶］：

● 下列動詞後的“賓語從句”中需要用虛擬形式，即should 動詞原形，shoud在美國英語中要省略（TOEFL語法考點）。此類常見的動詞有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest（建議）insist（堅決要求），advise, etc.

例句：He suggested that we (should) help them with English.

The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.

 

● 下列名詞後的同位語從句中要用“should 動詞原形”（should可省去）的虛擬。

suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.

He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.

I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.

 

● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. that 主語 should v.

It is strange that you should say such a thing.

It was important that you should tell me all the information.

 

● wish後的賓語從句中，as if 後的狀語從句中，須用下列的虛擬形式：

主 wish (that) 主 did / were（指現在）

had done（指過去）

would v.（指將來）

I wish that I met my uncle now.

I wish I had met my uncle yesterday.

IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow.

 

● It is (high) time that ... did / were ...

It is time that you went to bed.

 

● would rather that ... did / were ...

I would rather that you were not here now.

 

● would sooner that ... did / were ...

I would sooner that you got up earlier.

I would sooner that you were not my brother.

轉自：http://www.qiewo.com/html/20091106/26347.html