Ethnic Cleansing In The TOTs
By: Giorgio Provinciali
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Slobozhanske In the territories of Ukraine illegally occupied by the Russian Federation (TOT), the strategy to eliminate the Ukrainian presence has entered a new phase:the systematic confiscation of civilian homes. For three days, Russian occupation authorities have been seizing private property not only from citizens forced to flee but also from those who refused to accept Russian passports, thereby transformingthe right to housing into an instrument of political and identity-based coercion.
On December 15, Vladimir Putinintroducedamendments to laws approved by the State Duma a few days earlier, granting local officials full powers to confiscateall real estate whose owner cannot be identified or for which valid documents confirming ownership are not available. This deliberately vague wording allows forthe arbitrary expropriation of property belonging to Ukrainian citizenswho are absent, displaced, deported, or simply deprived of their original documents during military operations. Under the Russian Federations Housing Code, such housingcanbe immediately reassigned through social rental contracts toRussian citizens in need of housing, effectively sanctioninga planned demographic replacement.
Millions of Ukrainian families including ours are thus receivingan implicit ultimatum: permanently abandon their property or undergo a forced process of self-Russification. This mechanism is not isolated but part ofa coherent strategy that combines expropriation, deportation, and administrative pressure to erase every trace of Ukrainian identity in the TOTs.
This is compounded by a second presidential decree,signedby Putin on December 8, which permitsthe recruitment of an unlimited number of reservists for 2026 without clarifying the temporal, territorial, or operational scope of their deployment. This ambiguity is only formal because, as we havedocumentedfrom the field, becausemany of these reservists are already being sent to the front particularly in the Pokrovsk sector after being rounded up in the TOTs. The civilian population of those territories is thus being transformed intoa pool for forced recruitment, in violation of every rule of international humanitarian law.
Military training is effectively mandatory, while the number of conscripts remains deliberately unspecified.The scale of the mobilization campaign is growing rapidly in Zaporizhia, Kherson, Donetsk, Luhansk, and Crimea. Under the pretext of administrative or security checks,Ukrainian civilians are stopped in the streets, identified, and forced to participate in a so-called voluntary training program.They are assured that this is a rapid training program and that they will not be used in combat.
This is false.
We have alreadydocumenteddramatic cases demonstrating that, once they understood the reality, many of these young peoplepreferredto tighten a noose around their own necks rather than be forced to take up arms against their own countrymen.
From a legal perspective,the events described constitute serious violations of international humanitarian law.
The Fourth Geneva Convention (1949) explicitly prohibits: the deportation or forcible transfer of civilians from occupied territories (Article 49); the confiscation or destruction of private property not justified by imperative military necessity (Article 53); and the forced recruitment of civilians belonging to the population of an occupied territory into the armed forces of the occupying power (Article 51).
These acts also constitute war crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which defines as such: the deportation or unlawful transfer of population (Article 8, paragraph 2); the destruction or appropriation of property not justified by imperative military necessity (Article 8); The persecution of a national or ethnic group as a crime against humanity when it is part of a systematic attack against the civilian population (Article 7).
The systematic, organized, and intentional nature of the confiscations, combined with the reassignment of housing to Russian citizens and the imposition of the passport of the occupying country, also allows these practices to be characterized asethnic cleansing: a policy aimed at altering the demographic composition of the TOT through expulsion, coercion, and replacement of the native population.
These are not isolated incidents but rather an occupation strategy that uses Russian domestic law (if we wish to call it that) as a tool to formally legitimize international crimes. A process that aims not only at territorial control but also at the definitive erasure of Ukraine as a national community.
被占領土上的種族清洗
作者：Giorgio Provinciali
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原文鏈接：https://medium.com/@giorgioprovinciali/ethnic-cleansing-in-the-tots-f6e49e9d3bb4?sk=ee80098ade45618d1900153a7b2bb1e2
斯沃博然斯克(Slobozhanske)在被俄羅斯非法占領的烏克蘭領土（TOTs）上，消除烏克蘭存在的策略已進入了一個新階段：係統性地沒收平民住宅。三天來，俄羅斯占領當局不僅沒收了被迫逃離的公民的私人財產，還沒收了那些拒絕接受俄羅斯護照的公民的財產，從而將住房權變成了政治和身份脅迫的工具。
12月15日，弗拉基米爾普京(Vladimir Putin)引入了對國家杜馬幾天前批準的法律修正案，賦予地方官員沒收所有無法識別所有者或缺乏有效所有權文件的房地產的全部權力。這種故意模糊的措辭允許任意沒收那些缺席、流離失所、被驅逐或僅僅是在軍事行動中喪失了原始文件的烏克蘭公民的財產。根據俄羅斯聯邦住房法典，此類住房可以通過社會租賃合同立即重新分配給需要住房的俄羅斯公民，這實際上是認可了有計劃的人口替代。
（圖：烏克蘭戰區附近的居民生活條件往往很危險。被占領土上的居民生活條件也同樣糟糕版權所有，Giorgio Provinciali）
數百萬烏克蘭家庭包括我們在內正在麵臨一個隱含的最後通牒：永久放棄他們的財產或經曆強製性的自我俄羅斯化過程。這個機製並不是孤立存在，而是一個連貫戰略的一部分，結合了征用、驅逐和行政壓力，以抹去被占領土上的烏克蘭身份的每一個痕跡。
此外，普京於12月8日簽署了第二項總統法令，允許在不明確部署的時間、地點或行動範圍的情況下，無限量招募2026年的預備役人員。這種模糊性隻是形式上的，因為正如我們在現場記錄的那樣，許多這些預備役兵已經被派往前線特別是在波克羅夫斯克地區被占領地區。因此，這些地區的平民人口正在被轉化為強製征兵的來源，這違反了所有國際人道法的每一條規定。
（圖：Alla走在被俄羅斯聯邦占領後又被烏克蘭人解放的小村莊廢墟中，頓涅茨克版權所有，Giorgio Provinciali）
軍事訓練實際上是強製性的，而被征召入伍的人數仍然故意不明確。紮波羅熱、赫爾鬆、頓涅茨克、盧甘斯克和克裏米亞的動員行動規模正在迅速擴大。在行政或安全檢查的幌子下，烏克蘭平民在街頭被攔下、識別，並被迫參加一項所謂的誌願訓練計劃。他們被告知這是一個快速訓練計劃，並且他們不會被派往戰場。
這是假的。
我們已經記錄了一些令人震驚的案例，顯示一旦這些年輕人了解了真相，他們中的許多人寧願自縊，也不願被迫拿起武器對抗自己的同胞。
（圖：Alla在蘇梅的一個小村莊報道，那裏現在是灰色地帶。這張照片中遠處的尤納基夫卡Yunakivka現在是被占領土版權所有，Giorgio Provinciali）
從法律角度來看，所述事件嚴重違反了國際人道主義法。
《第四日內瓦公約》（1949年）明確禁止：在被占領土上強迫遷移或驅逐平民（第49條）；在沒有迫切軍事必要的情況下沒收或毀壞私人財產（第53條）；以及將被占領土上的平民強製征募入占領者武裝力量（第51條）。
這些行為也構成了國際刑事法院《羅馬規約》下的戰爭罪，其中定義了：驅逐或非法轉移人口（第8條，第2款）；並非軍事必要原因的破壞或侵占財產（第8條）；以及當迫害某個民族或族裔群體是針對平民人口的係統性攻擊的一部分時，將其視為危害人類罪（第7條）。
這些行為同樣構成國際刑事法院《羅馬規約》所定義的戰爭罪，其中定義了：驅逐或非法轉移人口（第8條，第2款）；在沒有迫切軍事必要情況下的財產毀壞或侵占（第8條）；當作為對平民的係統性攻擊的一部分時，針對某個民族或族裔群體的迫害是人類罪的一種表現第7條）。
沒收行為的係統性、組織性和故意性，加上將住房重新分配給俄羅斯公民和強製施加占領國護照，也使得這些做法可以被定性為種族清洗：一種旨在通過驅逐、脅迫和替換原住人口來改變被占領地區人口結構的政策。
這些並非孤立事件，而是一種占領策略，利用俄羅斯國內法（如果我們可以稱之為法律的話）作為工具，正式為國際罪行合法化。這個過程不僅旨在控製領土，更旨在永久抹去烏克蘭作為一個國家共同體的存在。
（圖：我在斯沃博然斯克，寫這篇文章前不久版權所有，Giorgio Provinciali）
