亞貢氏

沈仲章(1905-1987),排行名錫馨,筆名亞貢、亞貢氏等。沈仲章一生經曆豐富,涉足甚廣,頗具傳奇性。
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無名英雄:德國學者評沈仲章

(2025-01-31 13:51:38) 下一個

【編者按】一個德國人,曾擔任ISBN(國際標準書號)總幹事用英文評一本中文書,刊發在俄羅斯科學院學報。本篇選摘譯介該書評首尾,不強求逐詞對應。每小段漢譯之後,附摘段原文,酌情加按。

Pismennye Pamiatniki Vostoka Witten Momuments of the Orient 《東方文碑》20244期俄文內封(局部)

無名英雄:德國學評沈仲章

(書評選摘譯介)

書評作者: Hartmut WALRAVENS 魏漢茂);主要譯者:袁海旺

所評之書:
沈亞明《眾星何曆曆:沈仲章和他的朋友們》(Stars Scattering AboveC.C. Shen and His Friends),北京:中華書局,2022.464頁, ISBN 978-7-101-15834-2 (中文)

Review of the book:
Shen Yaming 沈亞明. Zhong Xing He Li Li: Shen Zhongzhang He Tade Pengyoumen 眾星何曆曆: 沈仲章和他的朋友們 (Why are the Stars So Bright: Shen Zhongzhang and His Friends). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2022. 464 pp. — ISBN 978-7-101-15834-2 (in Chinese)

【編者按】原書作者沈亞明在該書出版前,已定英文書名 Stars Scattering AboveC.C. Shen and His Friends——主標題 Stars Scattering Above 印在封麵,副標題 C.C. Shen and His Friends 印在封底。雖然德國國家圖書館現已收藏該書,但因海外購書流程耗時,魏漢茂撰書評期間尚未見到紙質本。

 

所評之書是一本文集,內中每篇都單獨表,現經作者修改,匯編成一本傳記性文集獻給已故父親沈仲章(1905-1987 )。

The book under review is a collection of essays, published before individually but now revised, which the authoress dedicated to the biography of her late father Shen Zhongzhang 沈仲章 (1905–1987).

【編者按】按原書評排版,上一小段與以下數小段同屬一個大段。現為閱讀方便而切分,但為保留原排版痕跡,上段起首空格,以下數段起首頂格,直到原文另起一段。

書作者在前言和後記中,詳細介紹了寫作過程。並詳盡地敘述了她排除萬難,尋找各種紀錄,來呈現其父親形象所作出的種種努力。而第一個要克服的障礙,就是如何標簽或為沈仲章歸類——他到底是一個音樂學家(步其先師劉天華後塵)還是一個語言學家,到底是一個學者還是一個文化經理人,或是一個對他人有用的助手、一個為他人(譬如探險家斯文赫定)服務的行政人員?

In the preface and postface, she details the genesis of this book and describes the difficulties she had to cope with in the course of her efforts to present a documented portrait of her father. The first obstacle was already to label or classify Shen Zhongzhang — was he a musicologist (in the footsteps of his teacher Liu Tianhua), a linguist, a cultural manager, a scholar, a useful assistant to others, an administrator (e.g., for the explorer Sven Hedin)?

沈仲章一生承擔過很多工作,但從來沒有往上爬的野心。這並不是因為他覺得自己不適更高的職務,隻不過是喜歡按照他自己的想法和規劃來做事並把事做成。他認為,人一旦爬到高位並成為眾目睽睽的人物,便會失去自由做想做的事。至於“算”的事,往往是別人的事或項目,而不是他自己的名分。

He took many jobs but lacked the ambition to get to the top — not because he felt unfit for a higher level position, but because he enjoyed doing and achieving things according to his own ideas and plans. He held the view that, as soon as you climb the ladder and are in the limelight, you are no longer free to do what you really want, i.e., things that count. Usually those were other people’s projects or matters that counted for him, not his own role in them.

因此,當沈仲章編一部基於《禦製五體清文鑒》(約成書於1795 年)的《維詞典》時,謝絕了被列作編輯的殊榮。他劉天華溘然逝去婉拒了接任先師的教職,說自己充其量隻是個學生。這類不尋常的謙讓、以及對世俗榮耀不屑一顧的例子不勝枚舉。

So, when he was asked to become the editor of an Uighur dictionary on the basis of the imperial pentaglot dictionary 禦製五體清文鑒 (finished ca. 1795) he refused this honour. And he did not take over the teaching responsibilities of Liu Tianhua after the sudden death of the master — after all, he was just a student. There are more examples of this uncommon modesty or disinterest in worldly glory.

還有一個例證,就是他救護舉世聞名的居延漢簡。那是一批珍貴的漢代文獻,發現於額濟納旗地區(黑水城遺址),存放於北京大學。沈亞明講述了這些簡牘從日占區搶救來,後經香港轉運至美國保存的過程沈仲章在這一係列勇敢行動中,是至關緊要的人物

Still another case of this sort is the recovery for safekeeping of the famous Juyan wooden text strips — they had been found in the Ejina area (Qarakhoto) and were deposited with Peking University: valuable documents from the Han dynasty. Shen Yaming tells the story of how these strips were saved from the Japanese occupied territory and then via Hong Kong shipped to the USA as a deposit: Shen Zhongzhang was the main actor of this deed of daring.

【編者按】《眾星何曆曆:沈仲章和他的朋友們》中並不包含居延漢簡的故事。估計書評作者讀過沈亞明另行刊發的若幹單篇,比如但不限於:《沈仲章與居延漢簡在北平》《沈仲章居延漢簡》(《古今論衡》第28期,中央研究院曆史語言研究所2015年),《居延漢簡是否去過長沙》(《文匯報》20171027日“文匯學人”),《沈仲章和冒險相助救國寶的老百姓》(《新民晚報》202273日“夜光杯”濃縮版,全文見沈仲章和冒險助他搶救居延漢簡的老百姓 - 博客 | 文學城),《照片“由沈仲章先生經手拍攝”》(《文匯報》20221116日“文匯學人”公眾號),《沈仲章救運居延漢簡之“箱”:從北平到天津》(《古今論衡》第39期,中央研究院曆史語言研究所2022年)。

然而,在維基百科相關詞條的介紹中,甚至在如今收藏居延漢簡的台北中央研究院,幾乎見不到沈仲章的名字。

But you will look in vain for a Wikipedia article on him or even his name mentioned in connection with the Juyan strips which are now housed at Academia Sinica in Taibei.

【編者按】現在,維基百科可見沈仲章(Chung-chang Shen)詞條,可惜仍很簡單。又,經海外知情者敦促,中研院網頁也有所更新,承認《居延漢簡·圖版之部》和現資料庫內全部“反體照片”都由沈仲章拍攝。可惜尚未說明,《居延漢簡·圖版之部》每一張圖版都由沈仲章拍攝並排列,是真正作者,而列名作者僅調整了部分葉碼。

難怪在檔案館、高等學府或博物館裏,很難找到沈仲章的痕跡。即使有,恐怕也毀於內戰和文革中。所以,他的事跡主要保存在與他共事過的學者們的回憶中,沈仲章曾以文書或劇務經理的身份為這些人服務。

Small wonder then that Shen Zhongzhang did not leave many traces in archives, universities or museums. And some that did exist may not have survived the civil war and the Cultural Revolution. So, his memory was mainly kept alive in the recollections of scholars he worked with or served as an impresario or amanuensis.

而所評之書的素材,主要源自作者本人的回憶——她父親經常給她講故事。除了父母常給孩子講的童話等,也不斷地把人生經曆的片段講給她聽特別是當她父親步入老年之際更是如此也許他覺得有些事不被徹底遺忘。

The main source of the present book is the memory of the authoress — her father kept telling her episodes from his life, among the other stories that parents tell their children to entertain them, and again when he was at an advanced age and may have felt that some information on the bygone events should not vanish completely.

亞明記錄了不少這樣的回憶並試圖核實記憶中的各種實和說法。正如剛才所言,文獻寥寥無幾。

Ms. Shen recorded a number of these reminiscences and later on tried to verify facts and statements but again: there were hardly any documents.

【編者按】原文以上三小段同屬一個大段,漢譯切分;以下另起一段——段首處理悉沿前例。

沈仲章共事和結交不乏外國人,其中包括一些德國人。既然書評人在德國,關注這些學者自然很合理。如今在中國名的,大概衛禮賢Richard Wilhelm)莫屬洪濤生(Vincenz Hundhausen名氣稍遜而瑞典探險家斯文·赫定Sven Hedin則舉世聞名。

Among C.C. Shen’s collaborators and friends were a number of foreigners, including a few German speakers, and as the present reviewer is based in Germany, it may be appropriate to focus on these scholars. Today the best known one is Richard Wilhelm (1873– 1930); Vincenz Hundhausen is less famous while the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin is a celebrity.

【編者按】書評作者對衛禮賢、洪濤生與斯文·赫定都頗有研究,刊發了多篇論文,為洪濤生出了傳記專書。書評撥出不少篇幅,介紹上述三位前輩學者。本篇暫略這些內容,擬在征得原書作者與書評作者同意之後,先選摘原書相關部分,再配以書評相應段落。

…… ……

【編者按】下麵,直接跳到書評結尾。為助閱讀連貫,插入括號句。

(《眾星何曆曆:沈仲章和他的朋友們》共收文十六篇,本書評聚焦最後三篇,均有關外國學者。)縱觀該部分所含調查可以推斷出,沈亞明在搜尋其父的豐功偉績方麵做了大量工作。書作者把這個勤勤懇懇的無名英雄——沈仲章的真實形象,活生生地展現在讀者麵前。

As can be deduced from the survey of this section of the book, Ms. Shen has done enormous work in detecting references to her father’s achievements and presenting a true picture of the life and labours of this unsung hero — C.C. Shen.

這位無名英雄的忠實女兒,在發掘父親的事跡過程中不懈地追根溯源,甄別鑒定,其精神令人欽佩,其努力值得高度讚

As a perfect example of filial piety, his daughter deserves high praise for her indefatigable and admirable efforts to uncover sources and evaluate them.

【編者按】
書評全文刊發於 Pismennye Pamiatniki Vostoka (Witten Momuments of the Orient
《東方文碑》20244[引用格式:Walravens, Hartmut [Rev. of the book:] “Shen Yaming 沈亞明. Zhong Xing He Li Li: Shen Zhongzhang He Tade Pengyoumen 眾星何曆曆: 沈仲章和他的朋友們 (Why are the Stars So Bright: Shen Zhongzhang and His Friends). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2022. 464 pp.”. Pis’mennye pamiatniki Vostoka, 2024, vol. 21, no. 4 (iss. 59), pp. 141–146 (in Chinese). DOI: 10.55512/WMO6] 選摘的漢譯主要由袁海旺貢獻,融入多位預覽者參謀,一總致謝。誠邀繼續指教,先表謝意。

Pismennye Pamiatniki Vostoka Witten Momuments of the Orient 《東方文碑》20244期英文內封(局部)

【附:書評作者與主要譯者簡介】

魏漢茂(Hartmut Walravens
德國漢學家、東亞和中亞研究學者、阿爾泰學家、文獻研究學者和圖書館學者。魏漢茂先生的研究興趣包括:滿文語言與文獻、清史、目錄學、書籍與印刷史、中亞和東方學(特別是東亞和中亞研究)學術史。 194499日生於德國黑森州阿多夫(Adorf)。 1960年代先後在德國科隆大學和波昂大學追隨名師如著名的滿文學者福克司(Walter Fuchs, 1902-1979,二戰後常用漢名福華德)和著名的古突厥文學者葛瑪麗(Annemarie von Gabain, 1901-1993)等人研讀東亞研究和中亞研究課程。 1970年在德國科隆大學獲得漢學博士學位,導師為福克司。先後擔任漢堡聯邦軍隊學院圖書館副館長和柏林國立圖書館負責圖書館事務的高級主管,在漢堡大學、柏林洪堡大學日本研究中心和柏林自由大學東亞係授課,曾任國際標準書號機構和國際標準樂譜號機構總幹事,現任國際標準樂譜號機構主席。(《德國漢學家魏漢茂先生訪談錄》摘要,《漢學研究通訊》Newsletter for Research in Chinese StudiesISSN 0253-28752020/11)

袁海旺 (Haiwang Yuan)
美國西肯塔基大學榮休教授,南開大學外院和天外高級翻譯學院客座教授,中國大百科全書出版社《有關中國》英文詞條編譯委員會委員,資深翻譯家,專長英譯漢,已出版數十本專著和譯著。

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