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中國宣布對加拿大農產品和食品征收關稅
Morgan L. Camley, Partner, Vancouver
D +1 604 648 6545
morgan.camley@dentons.com
Paul M. Lalonde, Partner, Toronto
D +1 416 361 2372
M +1 416 414 5833
paul.lalonde@dentons.com
Kathryn Gullason, Research Associate, Vancouver
D +1 604 639 4165
2025 年 3 月 21 日
2025 年 3 月 8 日，中國商務部宣布將對加拿大進口的菜籽油、油餅和豌豆征收 100% 的關稅，對加拿大水產品和豬肉征收 25% 的關稅。這些關稅將於 2025 年 3 月 20 日生效，旨在報複加拿大於 2024 年 10 月對中國電動汽車 (EV) 以及鋼鐵和鋁產品征收的關稅。這一聲明對加拿大的農業和農業食品行業來說是又一次打擊，該行業已經做好了應對與美國貿易戰影響的準備。
加拿大和中國的貿易打擊
2024 年 10 月，加拿大對中國電動汽車征收 100% 的附加稅。聯邦政府稱，加征附加稅是為了回應中國普遍使用補貼和寬鬆的環境標準等非市場政策和做法，人為降低中國電動汽車的生產成本。加拿大還對中國鋼鐵和鋁產品征收了25%的附加稅。拜登政府領導下的美國和歐盟也對中國電動汽車征收了類似的附加稅。
2025年3月，中國宣布對價值26億美元的加拿大農業和食品征收報複性關稅，該措施定於2025年3月20日生效。中國將對進口的菜籽油、油餅和豌豆征收100%的關稅，對加拿大水產品和豬肉征收25%的關稅。在宣布報複性關稅的同時，中國商務部表示，“加拿大的措施嚴重違反世界貿易組織規則，是典型的保護主義行為，是嚴重損害中國合法權益的歧視性措施。”
對加拿大生產商意味著什麽
中國宣布的這一舉措為加拿大的貿易困境開辟了新戰線，加拿大和美國之間已經展開了貿易戰。關稅可能會對加拿大的農業和農業食品行業產生重大影響。例如，中國是加拿大油菜籽和油菜籽產品的重要市場。據加拿大油菜籽理事會 (CCC) 稱，2024 年加拿大對華油菜籽出口額為 49 億加元，其中包括 200 萬公噸油菜籽粕，價值 9.18 億加元，以及 15,351 公噸油菜籽油，價值 2,060 萬加元。 CCC 總裁兼首席執行官 Chris Davison 表示：“在貿易和地緣政治不確定性增加的背景下，中國對加拿大菜籽油和菜籽粕征收的新關稅將對菜籽油種植者和更廣泛的價值鏈產生毀滅性影響。” Davison 敦促聯邦政府立即與中國接觸，以解決貿易爭端。加拿大農業聯合會 (CFA) 也敦促聯邦政府盡一切努力解決與中國的貿易爭端，避免對加拿大農產品征收關稅。CFA 總裁 Keith Currie 指出，中國征收關稅“來得不是時候，因為加拿大生產商已經在打擊美國不公平和不合理的貿易行為。”
加拿大的豬肉行業也在為應對與中國和美國的貿易爭端的影響做準備。根據加拿大農業信貸銀行的數據，2019 年至 2023 年，加拿大平均向美國出口 270,158 噸豬肉，同期向中國出口 262,363 噸豬肉。加拿大豬肉理事會主席雷內·羅伊表示，自中國宣布對加拿大豬肉產品征收 25% 的關稅以來，豬肉價格一直波動。
加拿大對華海產品出口市場價值約為 3 億加元。某些漁業，如不列顛哥倫比亞省的象拔蚌產業，可能會因中國 25% 的關稅而提前關閉，而其他漁業則采取觀望態度。目前，不列顛哥倫比亞省 95% 的象拔蚌產品銷往中國，價值約為 5000 萬加元。其他海產品生產商，如新斯科舍省的海參和活龍蝦產業，也預計會受到關稅的嚴重打擊。
多位加拿大總理敦促聯邦政府重新考慮對中國電動汽車征收關稅，以避免中國對加拿大農業和農業食品行業進行報複。薩斯喀徹溫省省長斯科特·莫伊表示，如果中國繼續實施計劃中的關稅，該省油菜籽壓榨廠的工人將失去工作。莫伊表示，“我們的聯邦政府需要在選舉前采取行動，與中國接觸，確保油菜籽行業不會陷入困境。”莫伊還表示，關稅將導致油菜籽市場份額下降。不列顛哥倫比亞省省長大衛·埃比也敦促聯邦政府重新考慮其關稅政策，他說，“我們不想被世界兩大經濟體夾擊。”然而，聯邦農業部長
創新、科學和工業部部長 François-Philippe Champagne 最近重申，加拿大不會考慮取消對中國電動汽車以及鋼鐵和鋁產品征收的關稅。
為了應對與兩個最大貿易夥伴之間日益加劇的貿易緊張局勢，加拿大正轉向國內，專注於減少內部貿易壁壘。 消除省際貿易壁壘不僅對加拿大的農業和農業食品部門有利，而且對整個經濟也有利。 麥克唐納-勞裏埃研究所 2022 年的一份報告估計，消除省際貿易壁壘可使加拿大的 GDP 增長 4.4% 至 7.9%。 請在此處閱讀我們之前關於“降低省際貿易壁壘對加拿大農業和農業食品部門的影響”的見解。 受中國新關稅影響的行業也在尋求擴大與現有國際貿易夥伴的貿易，並加快在新市場的貿易努力。 最後，生產商正在倡導聯邦和省政府提供財政救濟。
如需了解有關此主題的更多信息，請聯係作者 Morgan Camley、Paul Lalonde 或 Kathryn Gullason，或 Dentons 訴訟和爭議解決組或國家監管實踐組的成員，他們在農業和農業食品領域擁有專業知識。
訪問我們的“應對當今不斷變化的關稅和貿易環境”中心以獲取更多資源。
China announces tariffs targeting Canadian agriculture and food products
March 21, 2025
On March 8, 2025, China’s commerce ministry announced it will apply a 100% tariff on Canadian canola oil, oil cakes and pea imports, and a 25% duty on Canadian aquatic products and pork. The tariffs, which will go into effect on March 20, 2025, are being imposed in retaliation for Canadian tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) and steel and aluminum products, introduced in October 2024. The announcement is another blow to Canada’s agriculture and agri-food industry, which was already braced for the impact of a trade war with the United States.
Canada and China trade blows
In October 2024, Canada imposed a 100% surtax on Chinese EVs. According to the federal government, the surtax was imposed in response to China’s pervasive use of non-market policies and practices, such as subsidization and lax environmental standards, to artificially lower production costs of Chinese EVs. Canada also imposed a 25% surtax on Chinese steel and aluminum products. A similar surtax was imposed on Chinese EVs by the United States under the Biden administration, and by the European Union.
In March 2025, China announced it was imposing retaliatory tariffs on over US$2.6 billion of Canadian agriculture and food products, which is scheduled to take effect on March 20, 2025. China will impose a 100% tariff on canola oil, oil cakes and pea imports, and a 25% duty on Canadian aquatic products and pork. Alongside the announcement of the retaliatory tariffs, the Chinese commerce ministry stated that “Canada’s measures seriously violate World Trade Organization rules, constitute a typical act of protectionism and are discriminatory measures that severely harm China’s legitimate rights and interests.”
What it means for Canadian producers
China’s announcement has opened a new front in Canada’s trade woes, with a trade war already underway between Canada and the United States. The tariffs have the potential to significantly affect Canada’s agriculture and agri-food industry. For instance, China is a highly valued market for Canadian canola and canola products. According to the Canola Council of Canada (CCC), in 2024 Canada’s canola exports to China were valued at CA$4.9 billion, including 2 million metric tonnes of canola meal, valued at CA$918 million, and 15,351 metric tonnes of canola oil, valued at CA$20.6 million. According to the president and CEO of the CCC, Chris Davison, “[n]ew tariffs from China on Canadian canola oil and meal will have a devastating impact on canola farmers and the broader value chain at a time of increased trade and geopolitical uncertainty.” Davison urged the federal government to engage with China immediately to resolve the trade dispute. The Canadian Federation of Agriculture (CFA) has also urged the federal government to do everything in its power to resolve its trade dispute with China and avoid tariffs on Canadian agricultural products. The CFA’s president, Keith Currie, noted that the Chinese tariffs “could not have come at a worse time as Canadian producers already combat unfair and unjustified trade actions from the United States.”
Canada’s pork industry is also bracing for the impact of a trade dispute with both China and the United States. According to Farm Credit Canada, Canada exported an average of 270,158 tonnes of pork to the United States from 2019 to 2023 and 262,363 tonnes of pork to China over the same period. According to René Roy, chair of the Canadian Pork Council, there has been volatility in pork prices since China announced it was imposing a 25% tariff on Canadian pork products.
Canada’s seafood export market to China is worth approximately CA$300 million. Certain fisheries, such as BC’s geoduck industry, are likely to close early in response to China’s 25% tariffs, while others are taking a wait-and-see approach. 95% of BC’s geoduck industry is currently sold to China, and is worth roughly CA$50 million. Other seafood producers, such as Nova Scotia’s sea cucumber and live lobster industries are also expecting to be hit hard by the tariffs.
Several Canadian premiers have urged the federal government to reconsider its tariffs on Chinese EVs in order to avoid China’s retaliation towards Canada’s agriculture and agri-food industry. According to Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe, workers in the province’s canola crushing plants will lose their jobs if China moves ahead with its planned tariffs. Moe stated that “[t]here needs to be action by our federal government before any election call to engage with China to ensure the canola industry is not left in purgatory.” Moe also stated that the tariffs will result in a loss of the canola market share. BC Premier David Eby has also urged the federal government to reconsider its tariff policy, stating, “[w]e don’t want to get crushed between the two biggest economies in the world.” However, the federal minister of innovation, science and industry, François-Philippe Champagne, recently reaffirmed that Canada is not considering dropping the tariffs it imposed on China’s EVs and steel and aluminum products.
In response to increasing trade tensions with its two largest trading partners, Canada is turning inwards and focusing on reducing internal barriers to trade. Removing barriers to interprovincial trade would be a boon not only to Canada’s agricultural and agri-food sector, but to the economy as a whole. A 2022 report by the Macdonald-Laurier Institute estimates that eliminating interprovincial trade barriers could increase Canada’s GDP between 4.4 and 7.9%. Read our prior insight on “The impact of lower interprovincial trade barriers on Canada’s agriculture and agri-food sector” here. Industries impacted by China’s new tariffs are also seeking to expand trade with existing international trade partners, and accelerate trade efforts in new markets. Finally, producers are advocating for financial relief from the federal and provincial governments.
For more information on this topic, please reach out to the authors, Morgan Camley, Paul Lalonde or Kathryn Gullason, or a member of Dentons’ Litigation and Dispute Resolution group or National Regulatory Practice group, who have expertise in the agricultural and agri-food sector.
Visit our Navigating today’s shifting tariff and trade environment hub for additional resources.
