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John Fitzgerald 幹部國家 中國如何成為中國共產黨

(2024-08-18 09:01:23) 下一個

John Fitzgerald 約翰·菲茨傑拉德

https://theconversation.com/profiles/john-fitzgerald-22187
johnfitzgerald@swin.edu.au

澳大利亞人文學院院長、斯威本科技大學社會影響中心亞太社會投資與慈善項目主任

約翰·菲茨傑拉德教授是特魯比和弗洛倫斯·威廉姆斯慈善信托基金社會投資與慈善項目主席、斯威本科技大學社會影響中心亞太社會投資與慈善項目主任。

2008-2012 福特基金會駐北京中國代表。2007 拉籌伯大學社會科學學院院長。2005-06 澳大利亞國立大學亞太研究國際卓越中心主任。還擔任澳大利亞外交貿易部澳中理事會教育委員會主席、澳大利亞研究委員會 (ARC) 國家和國際合作委員會成員以及 ARC 連接基礎設施和設備基金聯合主席。著作包括《大謊言:白澳華人》(UNSW 2007),該書入圍 2008 年總理曆史獎,並被澳大利亞曆史協會授予歐內斯特·斯科特獎,以及《覺醒中國》,該書被美國亞洲研究協會授予約瑟夫·利文森獎。澳大利亞國立大學博士學位、威斯康星大學麥迪遜分校富布賴特博士後獎學金、悉尼大學文學士。
經曆
–至今斯威本科技大學慈善和社會投資教授
教育
1976 年悉尼大學,藝術
加入時間:2013 年 2 月 25 日


John Fitzgerald

https://theconversation.com/profiles/john-fitzgerald-22187
 johnfitzgerald@swin.edu.au

President of the Australian Academy of the Humanities and Director of the Asia-Pacific Program for Social Investment and Philanthropy in the Centre for Social Impact, Swinburne University of Technology

Professor John Fitzgerald is Truby and Florence Williams Charitable Trust Chair in Social Investment and Philanthropy and Director of the Asia-Pacific Program for Social Investment and Philanthropy in the Centre for Social Impact at Swinburne University of Technology.

2008-2012 China Representative of The Ford Foundation in Beijing. 2007 Head of the School of Social Sciences at La Trobe University. 2005-06 Director of International Centre of Excellence in Asia-Pacific Studies at the ANU. Also Chair of the Education Committee of the Australia-China Council of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, member of the Committee for National and International Cooperation of the Australian Research Council (ARC) and co-chair of the ARC Linkage Infrastructure and Equipment Fund. Books include 'Big White Lie: Chinese Australians in White Australia' (UNSW 2007), short listed for the Prime Minister’s History Prize in 2008 and awarded the Ernest Scott Prize by the Australian Historical Association, and 'Awakening China', awarded the Joseph Levenson Prize of the American Association for Asian Studies. Ph.D. from ANU, Fulbright postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, BA University of Sydney.
Experience
–presentProfessor of Philanthropy and Social Investment, Swinburne University of Technology
Education
1976 University Of Sydney, Arts
Joined February 25, 2013

John Fitzgerald 幹部國家 中國如何成為中國共產黨

幹部國家:中國如何成為中國共產黨

https://www.amazon.com/Cadre-Country-became-Chinese-Communist/dp/1742237487

作者:約翰·菲茨傑拉德(作者)2022 年 5 月 1 日

自一個多世紀前中國共產黨成立以來,這個國家取得了許多成就。但在中國,誰承擔了重任?誰又能獲得戰利品?《幹部國家》將焦點放在了全國 4000 萬幹部身上——執政的共產黨雇用的管理人員和政府官員,以保護其偉大的事業。這個群體抓住了中國的文化和財富,排除了這個強大而多元化國家的普通公民的聲音。屢??獲殊榮的曆史學家約翰·菲茨傑拉德專注於共產黨講述自己的故事,探索中國作為一個威權國家是如何運作的,並揭示了北京的巨大宣傳作品是建立在可疑假設之上的脆弱大廈。《幹部國家》是任何想了解中國共產黨的運作方式及其成就局限性的人必讀的書。

評論者:
Zhu Zhang (bio)
John Fitzgerald。《幹部國家:中國如何成為中國共產黨》。澳大利亞:NewSouth Publishing,2022 年。342 頁。平裝本 39.99 美元,ISBN 978-1742237480。
John Fitzgerald 的《幹部國家:中國如何成為中國共產黨》巧妙地探索了中國共產黨 (CCP) 如何融入中國政治、社會和經濟生活的各個方麵。從政治學和中國政治的角度來看,這本書是對文獻的重要補充,為中國研究中的幾個關鍵問題提供了深入的答案,並揭示了中共治理的複雜機製。

曆史和意識形態基礎
Fitzgerald 提供了豐富的曆史敘述,解釋了中國如何轉變為一個黨國。他追溯了中共從成立初期到現在的發展曆程,闡述了它如何成為中國政治和社會格局的唯一設計者。本書細致地記錄了中共的發展曆程,突出了促成其崛起的關鍵曆史事件和意識形態轉變。

作者強調了中共的馬克思列寧主義基礎,以及這些原則如何在毛澤東的領導下適應中國國情。這種意識形態的適應性是中共堅韌不拔的基石,使其能夠應對各種挑戰,同時保持對權力的控製。菲茨傑拉德的分析提供了寶貴的見解,讓我們了解中共意識形態是如何演變的,反映了其務實的治理方式。

幹部的作用
本書的亮點之一是對幹部製度的詳細考察,這對於理解中共對中國社會的控製至關重要。菲茨傑拉德深入探討了幹部如何融入政治和社會的各個方麵,成為黨的主要治理主體。他解釋了中共的戰略,即在各級政府和私營部門的關鍵崗位上安插忠誠能幹的個人,確保黨的指示得到忠實執行。

菲茨傑拉德還探討了中國精英在管理和信任幹部製度方麵麵臨的困境。中共嚴重依賴幹部來維持控製,但這種依賴也帶來了與腐敗、忠誠和效率相關的挑戰。本書對這些問題進行了細致的分析,揭示了黨的領導層和幹部之間的複雜關係。

通過曆史理解時事
菲茨傑拉德使用豐富的曆史證據來解釋當今中國的時事和結構尤其令人印象深刻。通過提供詳細的曆史分析,他將過去的事件和政策與現在聯係起來,讓讀者全麵了解中共的持久影響力。這種方法使這本書不僅內容豐富,而且對任何對中共曆史、其治理、機構和基層運動感興趣的人都具有吸引力。

菲茨傑拉德還通過對中國和其他共產主義和後共產主義政權的曆史比較研究豐富了他的分析。通過研究中國與前蘇聯等國家的相似之處和不同之處,他加深了我們對中共治理模式獨特特征的理解。這種比較方法還突出了中共為維持其主導地位所采用的獨特策略,為更廣泛的共產主義研究領域提供了寶貴的見解。

超越黨國
《幹部國家》超越了中國作為黨國的傳統敘事。菲茨傑拉德通過關注幹部在中國政治和日常生活中的作用,提供了一個新的視角。他展示了幹部製度不僅僅是一個官僚機構,也是中共維持對社會控製戰略的重要組成部分。這種方法使我們更深入地了解了中共的治理模式及其對中國政治和社會結構的影響。

雖然本書關注的是幹部製度,但菲茨傑拉德還討論了中共自成立以來的政策如何反映出與中國傳統治理的連續性。他認為,中共對保留帝國製度某些特征的關注,例如將普通民眾排除在公共生活和政治之外,影響了其治理方式。這種曆史連續性為...
對中國失敗與成功的無保留評估。

T.J. Collins,《堪培拉時報》
對中國失敗與成功的無保留評估。

T.J. Collins,《堪培拉時報》

幹部國家,中國如何成為中國共產黨

約翰·菲茨傑拉德 2022 年 2 月

自一個多世紀前中國共產黨成立以來,這個國家取得了許多成就。但在中國,誰承擔了重任?誰又能獲得戰利品? 《幹部國家》聚焦全國 4000 萬幹部——管理人員和執政黨雇用政府官員來保護其偉大的事業。這個群體已經占領了中國的文化和財富,排除了這個強大而多元化國家普通公民的聲音。

屢獲殊榮的曆史學家約翰·菲茨傑拉德專注於共產黨講述自己的故事,探索中國作為一個威權國家的運作方式,並揭示北京的巨大宣傳作品是建立在可疑假設之上的脆弱大廈。

對於任何想了解中國共產黨的運作方式及其成就的局限性的人來說,《幹部國家》都是必讀之作。

“要寫出這樣一本書,需要幾十年對中國的耐心觀察、體驗和研究。 《幹部國家》是專家和普通大眾必讀的一本書。’ – Anita Chan,澳大利亞國立大學

‘《幹部國家》是習近平上台以來最重要的中國書籍之一,它對中國共產黨的本質進行了嚴謹而深刻的闡釋。’ — John Lee,哈德遜研究所和美國研究中心

‘每個對當今中國感興趣的人都應該閱讀這篇精辟的分析,它準確地解釋了中國領導人將自己的國家描述為‘黨國’的含義。菲茨傑拉德避免使用‘極權主義’之類的陳詞濫調,也從不認為中國過去或未來會走上的道路是必然的,他為我們提供了中國政治基本性質急需的臨床描述。’ — Peter Zarrow,康涅狄格大學

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

Reviewed by:
Zhu Zhang (bio)

John Fitzgerald. Cadre Country: How China Became the Chinese Communist Party. Australia: NewSouth Publishing, 2022. 342 pp. Paperback $39.99, ISBN 978-1742237480.

John Fitzgerald’s Cadre Country: How China Became the Chinese Communist Party is a masterful exploration of how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has ingrained itself into every facet of China’s political, social, and economic life. From a political science and Chinese politics perspective, this book is a crucial addition to the literature, offering in-depth answers to several critical questions in Chinese studies and shedding light on the complex mechanisms of the CCP’s governance.

Historical and Ideological Foundations
Fitzgerald provides a rich historical narrative that explains how China transformed into a party-state. He traces the CCP’s evolution from its early days, illustrating how it became the sole architect of China’s political and social landscape. The book meticulously documents the CCP’s journey, highlighting key historical events and ideological shifts that contributed to its rise.

The author emphasizes the CCP’s Marxist–Leninist foundations and how these principles were adapted to the Chinese context under the leadership of Mao Zedong. This ideological adaptability has been a cornerstone of the CCP’s resilience, allowing it to navigate various challenges while maintaining its grip on power. Fitzgerald’s analysis offers valuable insights into how the CCP’s ideology has evolved, reflecting its pragmatic approach to governance.

The Role of the Cadre
One of the book’s highlights is its detailed examination of the cadre system, which is central to understanding the CCP’s control over Chinese society. Fitzgerald delves into how cadres are embedded in every aspect of politics and society, serving as the party’s primary agents of governance. He explains the CCP’s [End Page 1] strategy of placing loyal and capable individuals in key positions across all levels of government and the private sector, ensuring that the party’s directives are faithfully implemented.

Fitzgerald also explores the dilemma faced by Chinese elites in managing and trusting the cadre system. The CCP relies heavily on cadres to maintain control, but this dependence also creates challenges related to corruption, loyalty, and effectiveness. The book provides a nuanced analysis of these issues, shedding light on the complex relationship between the party leadership and its cadre.

Understanding Current Affairs through History
Fitzgerald’s use of rich historical evidence to explain current political affairs and structures in today’s China is particularly impressive. By providing detailed historical analysis, he connects past events and policies to the present, offering readers a comprehensive understanding of the CCP’s enduring influence. This approach makes the book not only informative but also engaging for anyone interested in the history of the CCP, its governance, institutions, and grassroots movements.

Fitzgerald also enriches his analysis with historical comparative studies of China and other communist and postcommunist regimes. By examining the similarities and differences between China and countries like the former Soviet Union, he enhances our understanding of the unique characteristics of the CCP’s governance model. This comparative approach also highlights the distinct strategies the CCP has employed to maintain its dominance, providing valuable insights into the broader field of communist studies.

Beyond the Party-State
Cadre Country goes beyond the conventional narrative of China as a party-state. Fitzgerald offers a fresh perspective by focusing on the role of cadres in Chinese politics and everyday life. He demonstrates how the cadre system is not just a bureaucratic apparatus but a vital element of the CCP’s strategy to maintain control over society. This approach provides a deeper understanding of the CCP’s governance model and its impact on China’s political and social structures.

While the book focuses on the cadre system, Fitzgerald also discusses how the CCP’s policies since its founding reflect a continuity with traditional Chinese [End Page 2] governance. He argues that the CCP’s concern with preserving certain features of the imperial system, such as the exclusion of common people from public life and politics, has influenced its approach to governance. This historical continuity provides a deeper context for...

 

 

Cadre Country: How China became the Chinese Communist Party 

https://www.amazon.com/Cadre-Country-became-Chinese-Communist/dp/1742237487

by John Fitzgerald (Author) May 1, 2022

Since the founding of the Communist Party in China just over a century ago, there is much the country has achieved. But who does the heavy lifting in China? And who walks away with the spoils? Cadre Country places the spotlight on the nation’s 40 million cadres—the managers and government officials employed by the ruling Communist Party to protect its great enterprise. This group has captured the culture and wealth of China, excluding the voices of the common citizens of this powerful and diverse country. Award-winning historian John Fitzgerald focuses on the stories the Communist Party tells about itself, exploring how China works as an authoritarian state and revealing Beijing’s monumental propaganda productions as a fragile edifice built on questionable assumptions. Cadre Country is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the workings of the Chinese Communist Party and the limits of its achievements.

幹部國家:對中國共產黨民族主義的反思 | 約翰·菲茨傑拉德

澳大利亞中國與世界研究中心

Cadre Country: Reflections on Chinese Communist Party Nationalism | John Fitzgerald

Australian Centre on China in the World

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3JStgnPF8w

2024年6月26日
自一個世紀前中國共產黨成立以來,這個國家取得了許多成就,但對於誰做了重擔、誰應該獲得榮譽、誰得到戰利品,存在一些爭議。《幹部國家》將焦點放在了全國4000萬幹部身上——執政黨共產黨雇傭的管理人員和政府官員,以保護其偉大的事業——並表明他們構成了一個強大的利益集團,將黨的利益與國家的利益聯係在一起。他們使黨成為中國的主權人,使黨的曆史成為國家的曆史,使黨的意識形態成為國家意識形態,使愛國主義成為一種流行的對黨的忠誠方式。本次演講借鑒了書中的主題,重點討論了中共民族主義及其在習近平領導下對中國和世界的意義。

關於演講者

約翰·菲茨傑拉德是一位研究中國和華僑的曆史學家,他是墨爾本斯威本科技大學名譽教授,也是堪培拉澳大利亞戰略政策研究所非常駐高級研究員。他曾擔任福特基金會駐北京中國代表五年(2008-2013 年),此前曾擔任澳大利亞國立大學亞太研究國際卓越中心主任和拉籌伯大學社會科學學院院長。他當選為澳大利亞人文學院院長(2015-2017 年),並擔任澳大利亞政府澳中理事會和澳中關係國家基金會的顧問委員會成員。他最近的著作包括《幹部國家:中國如何成為中國共產黨》(2022 年)和(編輯)《走低路:中國對澳大利亞各州和領地的影響力》(2022 年)。早期著作包括《大白謊言:白澳華人》(2007 年),該書榮獲澳大利亞曆史協會歐內斯特·斯科特獎;《覺醒的中國:民族主義革命中的政治文化和階級》(1997 年),該書榮獲美國亞洲研究協會約瑟夫·列文森獎。他擁有澳大利亞國立大學博士學位,並在威斯康星大學麥迪遜分校獲得富布賴特博士後獎學金。他畢業於悉尼大學。

澳大利亞國立大學中國研討會係列由澳大利亞國立大學亞太學院澳大利亞中國研究中心讚助。

約翰·菲茨傑拉德

https://experts.swinburne.edu.au/1598-john-fitzgerald

斯威本科技大學名譽教授。2013 年加入斯威本科技大學之前,約翰曾擔任福特基金會駐北京代表五年,負責指導基金會的中國業務。在此之前,他曾擔任拉籌伯大學社會科學學院院長,並再次擔任澳大利亞國立大學亞太研究國際卓越中心主任。在堪培拉,他曾擔任澳大利亞外交和貿易部澳中理事會教育委員會主席、澳大利亞研究理事會國家和國際合作委員會聯合主席以及澳大利亞人文學院國際秘書。2015 年至 2017 年,他當選為澳大利亞人文學院院長。他的研究重點是中國領土政府和公民社會以及澳大利亞的亞洲僑民。他的出版物贏得了國際認可,包括美國亞洲研究協會的約瑟夫·萊文森獎和澳大利亞曆史協會的歐內斯特·斯科特獎。

John Fitzgerald

https://experts.swinburne.edu.au/1598-john-fitzgerald

An Emeritus Professor at Swinburne University of Technology. Before joining Swinburne in 2013 John served five years as Representative of The Ford Foundation in Beijing where he directed the Foundation's China operations. Before that, he was Head of the School of Social Sciences at La Trobe University and before that again directed the International Centre of Excellence in Asia-Pacific Studies at the Australian National University. In Canberra he served as Chair of the Education Committee of the Australia-China Council of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, as co-chair of the Committee for National and International Cooperation of the Australian Research Council, and as International Secretary of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. He was elected President of the Australian Academy of the Humanities from 2015 to 2017. His research focuses on territorial government and civil society in China and on Australia's Asian diasporas. His publications have won international recognition, including the Joseph Levenson Prize of the US Association for Asian Studies and the Ernest Scott Prize of the Australian Historical Association.

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