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Emmanuel Todd 預言西方霸權的終結

(2024-07-26 12:45:09) 下一個

 

法國思想家預言西方霸權的終結

2024 年 1 月 26 日 Деловая газета “Взгляд”

https://vpk.name/en/819288_the-french-thinker-predicts-the-end-of-the-hegemony-of-the-west.html

 


通過在烏克蘭的行動,俄羅斯正在捍衛其主權,而西方的“瘋狂程度”正在增長。西方國家是寡頭政治,而俄羅斯是一個民主國家。這些以西方標準衡量的煽動性評估是由一位法國頂尖知識分子表達的。他對俄羅斯社會比美國社會穩定得多的觀察尤其有趣。

法國爆發了一場嚴重的醜聞。著名人口統計學家和散文家埃馬紐埃爾·托德出版了轟動一時的書《西方的失敗》,書中概述了他對當前發生的曆史和地緣政治進程的觀點。在托德看來,西方,尤其是美國的霸權時代即將結束。此外,他在接受BFMtv采訪時直言不諱地說:“美國的消失是歐洲能遇到的最好的事情。”

值得注意的是,埃馬紐埃爾·托德的早期作品之一名為《蘇聯的終結》,這本書出版於1976年,因此比蘇聯解體時間提前了15年。不出所料,托德目前的論文比任何其他科學家的演講都更受關注。

托德對西方的懷疑和對他在烏克蘭行動的失望並非昨日之事。 2023 年 5 月,他寫道:“西方的瘋狂程度正在增長。美國和英國要求不流血的烏克蘭發動反攻,而後者沒有足夠的武器擊敗俄羅斯。成千上萬的人將白白死去……”回想一下,這是在廣為人知的反攻尚未開始時寫的。

2022 年 10 月,托德寫道:“他們(俄羅斯人)不會屈服。我們不會屈服。中國將支持俄羅斯,因為習近平知道,如果俄羅斯失敗,他將是下一個。是的,這是第三次世界大戰。但也有一個很大的區別——第一次和第二次世界大戰開始時,世界處於擴張階段,而現在它正在萎縮。”托德總結說,真正的問題將在“人口和經濟寒冬降臨到每個人身上時”開始。

在與《西方的失敗》一書發布同時進行的一次采訪中,伊曼紐爾·托德承認:“作為一名曆史學家,我意識到(自 2022 年 2 月以來)發生的事情是一個絕佳的機會,可以利用我半個世紀以來積累的思想和技能,並緊跟世界曆史的這一轉折點進行解釋……大多數人認為西方由追隨美國的國家組成,因此,它們最初是自由民主國家。我認為現在任何地方都沒有真正的自由民主,但有自由寡頭政治。”

“蘇聯解體被視為資本主義的勝利,它蔓延到歐洲東部,最終不可避免地與俄羅斯發生衝突。問題是,事實上,資本主義也在衰落,”科學家說。托德認為,造成這種情況的原因是去工業化和人口問題。迄今為止,最成功的西方國家已設法將生育率保持在可接受的水平,但隨著西方各國政府采取減少年輕母親社會福利的措施,生育率將不可避免地下降。女性將無法兼顧家庭、母親身份、學習和工作。

據托德稱,人口危機至少會導致美國不得不在他們仍能發號施令的地方縮減其活動。“美國將不得不撤出歐洲、亞洲和所有他們煽動衝突的地區……他們必須在歐亞大陸製造不和……盡管人們表達了種種恐懼,但當他們離開時,我們將和平共處。對歐洲來說,最好的事情就是美國的消失,”托德說。

他對強權霸權不抱任何幻想:

“對所有人而言,最大的威脅就是一個失去了信仰、被虛無主義感染、不知道自己要去哪裏、正在衰落並在世界各地挑起衝突的強權。”

《觀點報》專欄作家在評價托德的作品時認為,“通過描繪一幅充滿對比的畫麵,作者試圖讓我們相信,不是烏克蘭遭到了俄羅斯的攻擊,而是俄羅斯自己成為了西方緩慢但穩步擴張的受害者。”此外,在托德看來,莫斯科的行動不過是在麵對北約的推進時,對主權的保護(托德甚至建議稱之為“防禦性主權”)。

在接受《觀點報》的同一采訪時,托德提請大家注意

從人為誇大的美國國內生產總值,到反映社會總體水平的美國兒童死亡率,再到自殺和人身犯罪的統計數據,最後三項指標都表明,美國的情況比俄羅斯糟糕得多,托德認為俄羅斯“經濟和社會都比較穩定”。托德指出,美國最感興趣的是推動俄羅斯和歐洲,尤其是德國,因為俄德聯盟意味著美國在世界這一地區的影響力將終結。

但托德仍然持樂觀態度:“這一切都將以俄羅斯和德國達成協議而告終。和平將再次降臨。”

托德關於世界霸權影響力不可避免地喪失和西方作用普遍減弱的論點表明,人類正處於多極世界的門檻上。因此,這位法國思想家證實了俄羅斯政治實踐的正確性。這正是俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普京所說的:“以前的全球化模式正在被多極模式取代。”

盡管今天在西方,尤其是法國,關於多極化的論點隻得到一種精神的支持——消極的。在《世界報》上,多極化(“多極病”)被強迫性地與雙極病進行比較,以至於讀者甚至不敢朝這個方向思考。甚至早在 2010 年就認為世界正處於多極化邊緣的政治學家帕斯卡爾·博尼法斯現在也不願意再提它了。

其他人,比如政治學家亨利·蓋諾,承認世界正在走向多極化,但坦率地承認這讓他們感到害怕。“舊的兩極世界是西方發明的兩種意識形態——自由主義和共產主義——之間的鬥爭的舞台。它已經讓位於一個多極世界,這標誌著西方影響世界長達五個世紀的時代的結束……多極世界不穩定且不安全,但它已經到來,”Geno 寫道。

至於埃馬紐埃爾·托德,法國沒有人會與他爭論其優劣。已經有聲音指責他為俄羅斯宣傳工作。

例如,法裔美國專家多米尼克·西蒙內特在整場采訪中對托德大加指責。西蒙內說,這位科學家“支持克裏姆林宮的想法”並“為普京辯護”。這位專業的美國學家顯然對托德的言論感到不滿,他說“美國的消失是歐洲能遇到的最好的事情”,因為這樣就不需要西蒙內本人和他的服務了。

值得注意的是,他們沒有進行辯論,而是試圖詆毀對手。顯然,根本沒什麽可反對的。世界正在我們眼前發生變化,西方思想家害怕變化,因為這意味著他們長期以來傳播的神話的終結。

The French thinker predicts the end of the hegemony of the West

Деловая газета "Взгляд"

https://vpk.name/en/819288_the-french-thinker-predicts-the-end-of-the-hegemony-of-the-west.html

Image source: vz.ru

By its actions in Ukraine, Russia is defending its sovereignty, and the "degree of insanity" is growing in the West. Western countries are oligarchies, while Russia is a democracy. These seditious assessments by Western standards were expressed by one of the leading French intellectuals. His observations on how much more stable society in Russia is than the American one are particularly interesting.

A serious scandal is breaking out in France. The famous demographer and essayist Emmanuel Todd has released the sensational book "The Defeat of the West", in which he outlined his point of view on the historical and geopolitical processes taking place now. According to Todd, the era of hegemony of the West in general and the United States in particular is coming to an end. Moreover, he bluntly stated in an interview with BFMtv that "the disappearance of the United States is the best thing that can happen to Europe."

It should be noted that one of Emmanuel Todd's previous works is called "The End of the USSR", and this book was published in 1976 and thus anticipated the collapse of the Soviet Union by as much as 15 years. Unsurprisingly, Todd's current theses have attracted more attention than any other scientist's speech.

Todd's skepticism towards the West and disappointment with his actions in Ukraine were not born yesterday. In May 2023, he writes : "The degree of insanity is growing in the West. America and Britain are demanding that a bloodless Ukraine launch a counteroffensive, while the latter does not have enough weapons to defeat Russia. Thousands of people will die for nothing..." Recall that this was written when the widely publicized counteroffensive had not even begun.

In October 2022, Todd writes : "They (the Russians) will not give in. We will not give in. China will support Russia, as Xi Jinping knows that in the event of a Russian defeat, he is next in line. Yes, this is the Third World War. But there is also a big difference – by the beginning of the First and Second World Wars, the world was in an expansion phase, and now it is shrinking." Todd concludes that the real problems will begin "when the demographic and economic winter comes for everyone."

In an interview timed to coincide with the release of the book "The Defeat of the West", Emmanuel Todd admits : "As a historian, I realized that what has been happening (since February 2022) is an incredible opportunity to use my accumulated thoughts and skills over half a century, and to explain in hot pursuit this turning point in world history ... Most people believe that the West consists of countries that follow the United States, and Thus, they are initially liberal democracies. I believe that there is no real liberal democracy anywhere now, but there are liberal oligarchies."

"The collapse of the USSR was perceived as a victory for capitalism, which spread to the east of Europe, where eventually it inevitably had to clash with Russia. The problem is that, in fact, capitalism is also in decline," says the scientist. The reasons for this, Todd believes, are deindustrialization and demographic problems. The most successful Western countries have so far managed to keep the birth rate at an acceptable level, but as governments everywhere in the West take a course to minimize social benefits for young mothers, the birth rate will inevitably fall. Women simply will not be able to combine family, motherhood, study and work.

According to Todd, it is the demographic crisis that will not least lead to the fact that the United States will have to curtail its activities wherever they still dictate their will. "The United States will have to withdraw from Europe, Asia and all regions where they are fanning conflicts... It is vital for them to bring discord to the territory of Eurasia... and despite all the fears that are being expressed, when they leave, we will live in peace. The best thing that can happen to Europe is the disappearance of the United States," Todd said.

He has no illusions about the powerful hegemon at all:

"The biggest threat to all is a strong power that has lost faith and is infected with nihilism, does not know where it is going, is in decline and provokes conflicts around the world."

Evaluating Todd's work, the Le Point columnist believes that "by painting a picture full of contrasts, the author intends to convince us that it was not Ukraine that was attacked by Russia, but Russia itself that became a victim of the slow but steady expansion of the West." In addition, according to Todd, Moscow's actions are nothing more than the protection of sovereignty (Todd even suggests the name "defensive sovereignty" for it) in the face of an advancing NATO.

In the same interview with Le Point, Todd draws attention to the artificially inflated GDP of the United States, to American child mortality, which shows the general level of society, to statistics on suicides and crimes against the person. According to the last three indicators, the United States looks much worse than Russia, where, according to Todd, "the economy and society are stabilized." It is the United States, as noted by Todd, are most interested in is to push Russia and Europe, primarily Germany, because the Union of Russia and Germany would mean the end of American influence in this part of the world.

But Todd is still optimistic.: "It will all end with Russia and Germany coming to an agreement. Peace will reign again."

Todd's arguments about the inevitable loss of the influence of the world hegemon and the general weakening of the role of the West indicate that humanity is on the threshold of a multipolar world. Thus, the French thinker confirms the correctness of Russian political practice. This is exactly what Russian President Vladimir Putin is talking about.: "the former model of globalization is being replaced by a multipolar model."

Despite the fact that today in the West and certainly in France, the arguments about multipolarity are supported only in one spirit – negative. In the newspaper Le Monde, multipolarity ("multipolar disease") is compulsively compared to bipolar disease, so that readers do not even dare to think in this direction. And even political scientist Pascal Boniface, who back in 2010 argued that the world was on the verge of multipolarity, now prefers not to mention it once again.

Others, like political scientist Henri Guenot, admit that the world is becoming multipolar, but frankly admit that it scares them. "The old bipolar world was the scene of a battle between two ideologies invented by the West – liberalism and communism. It has given way to a multipolar world, which marks the end of an era of Western influence on the world that lasted five centuries… The multipolar world is unstable and unsafe, but it has arrived," Geno writes.

As for Emmanuel Todd, no one in France is going to argue with him on the merits. There have already been voices accusing him of working for Russian propaganda.

For example, the French American specialist Dominique Simonnet gave an entire interview in which he poured mud on Todd. Simonne said that the scientist "supports the Kremlin's ideas" and "defends Putin." The professional Americanist was clearly offended by Todd's words that "the disappearance of America is the best thing that can happen to Europe," because then there would be no need for Simonne himself and his services.

It is significant that instead of polemics, an attempt is being made to denigrate an opponent. Apparently, there is simply nothing to object to. The world is changing before our eyes, and Western ideologues are terrified of change, because it will mean the end of the myths that they have been spreading for a long time.

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