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德國通過突破性法律幫助跨性別者輕鬆更新其法律文件
“我們隻是想讓一小群人的生活變得更輕鬆，這對他們來說意義重大。”
作者：約翰·羅素 2024 年 4 月 15 日星期一
德國的跨性別者和非二元性別者很快將能夠更新他們的法律文件以反映他們的性別認同，而無需提供“專家報告”。
周五，該國議會通過了一項法律，要求 18 歲以上的跨性別者在登記處簡單聲明自己的身份，以便更新身份證等官方文件上的姓名和性別標記。 法律還允許 14 歲至 18 歲的未成年人在父母許可的情況下更新其文件。 年滿 14 歲且父母不同意的未成年人可以向家庭法院申請推翻其父母的裁決。
《自決法》取代了已有數十年曆史的德國法律，該法律在跨性別者及其身份的法律承認之間設置了繁重的障礙。
現有的“變性法”要求變性者必須獲得兩位“足夠熟悉變性主義特定問題”的獨立專家的評估，然後才能更新其法律文件。 正如美聯社 (AP) 指出的那樣，德國憲法法院已經宣布該法律的其他部分無效，包括其手術要求。
新法律於去年八月獲得德國內閣批準。 當時，自由民主黨司法部長馬可·布施曼 (Marco Buschmann) 告訴德國德國電視二台 (ZDF)，跨性別者在滿足現行法律要求的過程中稱其“非常有辱人格”。
“想象一下，你……隻是想過你自己的生活，你不希望任何人有任何不好的事情，然後你會被問到你的性幻想是什麽，你穿什麽內衣，以及類似的事情，”布施曼說，據報道 美聯社。 “現在我們隻是想讓一小群人的生活變得更輕鬆，這對他們來說意義重大。”
尼克·斯拉維克 (Nyke Slawik) 是首批當選德國議會議員的公開變性人之一，她表示，根據“變性法”，她花了兩年時間並花費了 2000 歐元才更新了身份證件，以反映她的姓名和性別認同。 “作為跨性別者，我們多次經曆過我們的尊嚴被作為談判的問題，”她上周告訴立法者。
德國議會下院聯邦議院上周以 374 票對 251 票、11 票棄權通過了《自決法案》。 據美聯社報道，該法案將於 11 月生效。
德國政府性與性別多樣性接受專員斯文·萊曼 (Sven Lehmann) 告訴立法者：“40 多年來，‘變性人法’造成了很多痛苦……這隻是因為人們希望得到真實的認可。” “今天我們終於結束了這一切。”
據人權觀察組織（HRW）稱，德國與越來越多的國家（包括阿根廷、比利時、丹麥、愛爾蘭、盧森堡、馬耳他、挪威、葡萄牙、西班牙和烏拉圭）一起取消了繁重的要求。
人權觀察的 LGBTQ+ 權利高級研究員克裏斯蒂安·岡薩雷斯·卡布雷拉 (Cristian González Cabrera) 在一份聲明中稱，要求跨性別者進行醫療程序和心理評估以更新其文件是“病態的”。 他表示，此類要求“在多元化和民主的社會中沒有立足之地”。
卡布雷拉說：“當歐洲及其他地區的民粹主義政客試圖利用跨性別者權利作為政治楔子問題時，德國的新法律發出了一個強烈的信息，即跨性別者存在並應該不受歧視地得到承認和保護。”
有關的：
日本法院允許跨性別男子在不進行手術的情況下更新官方文件中的性別，這是具有裏程碑意義的案件
“這就像我站在新生活的起跑線上。
Germany passes groundbreaking law helping trans people easily update their legal documents
"We simply want to make life a bit easier for a small group for which it has great significance."
By John Russell Monday, April 15, 2024
Transgender and nonbinary people in Germany will soon be able to update their legal documents to reflect their gender identity without having to provide “expert reports.”
On Friday, the country’s parliament passed a law requiring trans people over the age of 18 to make a simple declaration of their identity at a registry office in order to update their name and gender markers on official documents like IDs. The law also allows minors between the ages of 14 and 18 to update their documents with parental permission. Minors who are 14 and older whose parents do not approve can petition a family court to overrule their parents.
The “Self-Determination Act” replaces a decades-old German law that placed onerous hurdles between trans people and legal recognition of their identity.
The existing “transsexual law” required trans people to obtain assessments from two separate experts “sufficiently familiar with the particular problems of transsexualism” before they could update their legal documents. As the Associated Press (AP) notes, Germany’s Constitutional Court had already invalidated down other parts of that law, including its surgical requirements.
The new law was approved by the German Cabinet last August. At the time Marco Buschmann, justice minister for the Free Democratic Party, told ZDF television that trans people who had gone through the process of meeting the requirements under existing law described it as “very degrading.”
“Imagine that you … simply want to live your life and you don’t wish anyone anything bad, and then you’re questioned about what your sexual fantasies are, what underwear you wear, and similar things,” Buschmann said, according to the AP. “Now we simply want to make life a bit easier for a small group for which it has great significance.”
Nyke Slawik, one of the first openly transgender people ever elected to the German Parliament, said that under the “transsexual law,” it had taken her two years and cost 2,000 euros to get her ID updated to reflect her name and gender identity. “As trans people, we repeatedly experience our dignity being made a matter for negotiation,” she told lawmakers last week.
The “Self-Determination Act” passed in the Bundestag, the German Parliament’s lower house, last week by a vote of 374 to 251, with 11 abstaining. It is set to take effect in November, the AP reports.
“For over 40 years, the ‘transexual law’ has caused a lot of suffering … and only because people want to be recognized as they are,” Sven Lehmann, the German government’s Commissioner for the Acceptance of Sexual and Gender Diversity, told lawmakers. “And today we are finally putting an end to this.”
According to Human Rights Watch (HRW), Germany joins a growing number of countries — including Argentina, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Uruguay — that have similarly done away with burdensome requirements.
In a statement, Cristian González Cabrera, a senior LGBTQ+ rights researcher at HRW, described requiring medical procedures and psychological assessments for trans people to update their documents as “pathologizing.” He said those sorts of requirements “have no place in diverse and democratic societies.”
“As populist politicians in Europe and beyond try to use trans rights as a political wedge issue, Germany’s new law sends a strong message that trans people exist and deserve recognition and protection, without discrimination,” Cabrera said.
Japanese court allows trans man to update gender on official docs without surgery in landmark case
“It’s like I’m standing at the start line of my new life.”
