介紹幾種老式價值投資法
(1)Net Current Asset Value (NCAV)
格雷厄姆是價值投資的祖師爺。本文要介紹的是他在上世紀30年代初提出的“淨流動資產投資法”(net current asset value approach or NCAV),這種方法要求買進的股票價格必須低於該公司淨流動資產的三分之二。
NCAV = Current Assets - Total Liabilities
NCAV/share = (Current Assets - Total Liabilities) / Share outstanding
Bargain Price < (Current Assets - Total Liabilities) ×2 / (3 ×hare outstanding)
例如,一家公司流動資產(Current Assets)是每股 $25,流動負債是(Total Liabilities)是每股$18, 那麽淨流動資產就是每股$7,如果股價低於$4.67,按照格雷厄姆的淨流動資產投資法”,就可以買進。
圖片來源:www.oldschoolvalue.com
(2)Net Net Working Capital (NNWC)
與雷厄姆的淨流動資產投資法”比較類似的方法,是淨營運資本投資法: NNWC的計算公式如下:
NNWC = Cash + Short Term Marketable Investments + Account Receivable * 75% + Inventory * 50% - Total Liabilities
Or
NNWC = Cash & Equivalents + Account Receivable * 75% + Inventory * 50% - Total Liabilities
NNWC/share = NNWC / Share outstanding
NNWC計算結果就是股票的清算價值。
圖片來源:www.oldschoolvalue.com
(3)Cash Return On Invested Capital (CROIC)
CROIC 使用自由現金流 (free cash flow - FCF) 計算得到的結果更能衡量公司的管理有效性(management effectiveness)。
CROIC = FCF / Invested Capital
圖片來源:www.oldschoolvalue.com