第十七處:《奧賽羅》(Othello)第二幕第三場,奧賽羅命令副官卡西奧(Cassio)值夜班。他離開後,伊阿古(Iago)說服卡西奧和一幫酒鬼一起狂歡。喝醉了的卡西奧與愛慕苔絲狄蒙娜(Desdemona)的威尼斯紳士羅德利哥(Roderigo)打了起來,塞普路斯總督蒙太諾(Montano)前去阻止,遭到卡西奧的攻擊。混亂中卡西奧刺傷了蒙太諾,奧賽羅聞訊趕來,要求知道滋事的原委。蒙太諾因傷勢較重不方便說話,請伊阿古代為講出事實真相,伊阿古假惺惺地說:“不要咄咄逼人,我寧願割下自己的舌頭,也不願讓它說邁克爾.卡西奧的壞話。但我還是說服自己講實話,想必也不算對不起他。是這樣的,將軍,蒙太諾和我正在交談,忽然跑來一個人大喊救命,卡西奧殺氣騰騰提著劍追著他,要刺死他。將軍,這位先生挺身前去攔住卡西奧,請他息怒;我自己就去追趕那個叫喊的人,唯恐他的喧囂 – 傳到外麵-讓整個小鎮陷入驚恐。他跑得飛快,我追不上,聽到背後刀劍碰撞的聲音和卡西奧高聲咒罵的聲音,所以又回來了。今晚之前我從來沒有聽見他這樣罵人。當我回來時 – 我本來就跑得不遠 — 我發現他們用劍互相廝殺難解難分,就像您親自命令他們分開的時候的那個樣子。我能報告的就是這些。人總是人,聖賢也有忘乎所以的時候。雖然卡西奧給了他一點小小的傷害,可是一個人在憤怒中連好朋友都會翻臉不認。可是我確信卡西奧一定從那逃走的家夥那裏受到了奇恥大辱,才失去了耐心。”
(Touch me not so near.
I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouth
Than it should do offence to Michael Cassio.
Yet I persuade myself to speak the truth
Shall nothing wrong him. This it is, general:
Montano and myself being in speech,
There comes a fellow crying out for help
And Cassio following him with determined sword
To execute upon him. Sir, this gentleman
Steps in to Cassio and entreats his pause,
Myself the crying fellow did pursue,
Lest by his clamor—as it so fell out—
The town might fall in fright. He, swift of foot,
Outran my purpose, and I returned then rather
For that I heard the clink and fall of swords
And Cassio high in oath, which till tonight
I ne'er might say before. When I came back—
For this was brief— I found them close together
At blow and thrust, even as again they were
When you yourself did part them.
More of this matter cannot I report.
But men are men, the best sometimes forget.
Though Cassio did some little wrong to him,
As men in rage strike those that wish them best,
Yet surely Cassio, I believe, received
From him that fled some strange indignity
Which patience could not pass.)
奧賽羅果然上當,以為“忠實義氣”的伊阿古特地將整個事件輕描淡寫。他解除了卡西奧的職位。此時苔絲狄蒙娜率侍從來到現場,詢問發生了什麽事。奧賽羅勸她回去休息,命手下扶著蒙太諾去治傷,又命伊阿古去巡視小鎮並安撫受驚的百姓,最後對妻子說:“來,苔絲狄蒙娜。這就是軍人生涯的一部分,香甜的好夢往往被爭吵驚醒。”
(Come, Desdemona, ’tis the soldiers' life
To have their balmy slumbers waked with strife.)
詩歌中的 “balmy”的字麵含義為“香脂的”,用來形容 “溫柔、芬芳、舒心、美味”(soft, fragrant, soothing, delicious)的感覺。
第十八處:《奧賽羅》第五幕第二場,奧賽羅舉著蠟燭進入苔絲狄蒙娜的睡房,凝視著熟睡中的妻子,自言自語:“就是這一個原因,就是這一個原因,我的靈魂。我不會向你說出它的名字,純潔的星星啊,就是這一個原因。可是我不會濺她的血,也不願毀傷她那比雪更加潔白、和石膏一樣光滑的肌膚。可是她必須死,否則她會背叛更多的男人。讓我熄滅燭光,然後再熄滅她的生命的火焰。燃燒的燭光啊,如果我把你吹滅以後,要是後悔了,仍舊可以重新把你點亮;可是你,造化最精美狡猾的形象啊,一旦熄滅你的火焰,我不知道什麽地方有普羅米修斯的神火,能夠重新點燃你的光彩!當我摘下了玫瑰,就再也不能給它重要的生機,它隻好枯萎;當你還在枝頭的時候,我要嗅一嗅你的芳香。(吻苔絲狄蒙娜)啊,甜蜜的氣息!你幾乎說服了公道不再行使正義之劍。再吻一個,再吻一個。願你死時都是這麽美,我要殺了你,然後再愛你。(親吻她)再一個吻,這是最後一吻了;如此甜蜜之吻從未如此致命!我必須哭泣,然而這些是殘酷無情的眼淚。這悲傷是神聖的,它擊中了它愛的地方。她醒來了。”
(It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul.
Let me not name it to you, you chaste stars,
It is the cause. Yet I’ll not shed her blood,
Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow
And smooth as monumental alabaster.
Yet she must die, else she’ll betray more men.
Put out the light, and then put out the light.
If I quench thee, thou flaming minister,
I can again thy former light restore
Should I repent me. But once put out thy light,
Thou cunning’st pattern of excelling nature,
I know not where is that Promethean heat
That can thy light relume. When I have plucked thy rose
I cannot give it vital growth again,
It must needs wither. I’ll smell thee on the tree.
Oh, balmy breath, that dost almost persuade
Justice to break her sword! One more, one more.
Be thus when thou art dead and I will kill thee
And love thee after. (kissing her) One more, and that’s the last.
So sweet was ne'er so fatal. I must weep,
But they are cruel tears. This sorrow’s heavenly,
It strikes where it doth love. She wakes.)
莎士比亞用“balmy”來形容苔絲狄蒙娜睡著時呼出的氣息。
第十九處:莎士比亞十四行詩第107首,翻譯如下:
“無論我的恐懼,還是夢想著
未來的茫茫世界的先知靈魂,
都不能控製我的真愛的租約,
因它已作為既定命運的抵償品。
凡間的月亮已經忍受了被蝕,
憂傷的占卜師自嘲他們的預言,
無常現在戴上了確定的頭冠,
和平宣告了橄欖枝要萬世綿延。
如今在這遍灑甘霖的時節,
我的愛煥然一新,死神對我臣服,
因為,盡管他欺辱愚鈍無言的種族,
我將活在這拙作裏。
你會在詩中找到你的紀念碑,
暴君的頭盔和銅墓卻被歲月摧毀。”
(Sonnet 107
Not mine own fears, nor the prophetic soul
Of the wide world dreaming on things to come,
Can yet the lease of my true love control,
Suppos'd as forfeit to a confin'd doom.
The mortal moon hath her eclipse endur'd
And the sad augurs mock their own presage;
Incertainties now crown themselves assur'd
And peace proclaims olives of endless age.
Now with the drops of this most balmy time
My love looks fresh, and Death to me subscribes,
Since, spite of him, I'll live in this poor rhyme,
While he insults o'er dull and speechless tribes;
And thou in this shalt find thy monument,
When tyrants' crests and tombs of brass are spent.)
莎士比亞用“balmy”來形容美好的時刻。
普通認為這是莎士比亞156首十四行詩中最晦澀難懂的一首,後世的評論家通過以下幾個事實,猜測成詩時間大約在1605年:
1: 詩歌中的“凡間的月亮”指的是伊麗莎白一世,在她統治時期,人們常常把她奉承為月亮或月亮女神狄安娜(Diana)。1603年女王過世,1605年10月17日英國發生了月半食(partial lunar eclipse eclipse),對占卜者來說,天現異象往往預示著災難的到來。
2: 莎士比亞十四行詩第99首和第104首分別創作於1599年和1604年,按時間順序排列,第107首創作於1605年是合理的。
3: 詩歌中的“crown”(頭冠)一詞暗示了“加冕禮” (coronations)。伊麗莎白一世終身未婚,沒有留下子嗣,誰來繼承她的王位存在著許多變數(即詩歌中的“無常”incertanity)。她在世時從未承認蘇格蘭的詹姆斯六世是王位的繼承人,至少有12個人在競爭王位,內戰的陰影籠罩著英國。從伊麗莎白一世過渡到詹姆斯一世(蘇格蘭的詹姆斯六世成為英格蘭和蘇格蘭的詹姆斯一世)卻很順利,人們為此歡欣鼓舞。詹姆斯於1603年3月登上英國王位,並於1603年7月25日舉行小型的加冕典禮。但是倫敦發生了一場嚴重的鼠疫,迫使國王和朝臣撤離首都,直到1604年春天,他才冠冕堂皇地進入倫敦主政。
4: 詹姆斯一世登基後不久,結束了英國與西班牙之間長達二十年的海戰,兩國於1604年底締結了和平條約。“和平宣告了橄欖枝要萬世綿延”,很可能指的就是這個事件。
莎士比亞認為愛情是永恒的,不受時間和死亡的束縛。我們無需恐懼,也不要相信占卜師的危言聳聽,因為這些大師們關於厄運和災難的預言全都不準確。無論帝王的紀念碑多麽富麗堂皇,終將被歲月摧毀,隻有詩歌的力量令愛情永生。