(四)愛情圍獵
莎翁的那個年代,男人們在外喝酒狂歡、追逐名利和女人,往往被認為是一種社交時尚。他們把向女人求愛視為狩獵。《馴悍記》第五幕第二場,幾個男人在聚會上的一席對話充分顯現了這個觀點,現將部分片段翻譯如下:
卞卡:
“我是你的鳥嗎?我要另擇新枝了,你就張弓搭箭在後麵追吧。歡迎各位。”
(BIANCA
Am I your bird? I mean to shift my bush,
And then pursue me as you draw your bow.—
You are welcome all.)
卞卡、凱瑟琳娜及寡婦下。
(Exeunt BIANCA, KATHERINE and WIDOW)
彼特魯喬:
“她走了。特拉尼奧先生,她也是你瞄準的鳥兒,盡管你沒擊中 — 為那些射而不中的人幹一杯吧。”
(PETRUCHIO
She hath prevented me. Here, Signior Tranio,
This bird you aimed at, though you hit her not.—
Therefore a health to all that shot and missed.)
特拉尼奧:
“喔,先生,路森修先生把我當成他的靈緹犬,不停奔波,為主人獲取獵物。”
(TRANIO
Oh, sir, Lucentio slipped me like his greyhound,
Which runs himself and catches for his master.)
彼特魯喬:
“一個急智的好比喻,但有點粗俗。”
(PETRUCHIO
A good swift simile, but something currish.)
特拉尼奧:
“還是您好,先生,自己親手打獵,可是人家都說您那頭鹿兒把您逼得走頭無路呢。”
(TRANIO
'Tis well, sir, that you hunted for yourself.
'Tis thought your deer does hold you at a bay.)
巴普提斯塔:
“哈哈,彼特魯喬!特拉尼奧說中你的要害了。”
(BAPTISTA
Oh, Oh, Petruchio! Tranio hits you now.)
路森修:
“諷刺的好,特拉尼奧,我要謝謝你。”
(LUCENTIO
I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio.)
霍坦西奧:
“招了吧,招了吧,他是不是擊中了你的要害?”
(HORTENSIO
Confess, confess, hath he not hit you here?)
彼特魯喬:
“我承認他讓我有點難受,他的玩笑的的確確打我身邊擦過,十有八九徹底傷著的是你們兩位。”
(PETRUCHIO
He has a little galled me, I confess.
And, as the jest did glance away from me,
'Tis ten to one it maimed you two outright.)
巴普提斯塔:
“不開玩笑,彼特魯喬賢婿,我認為你娶著了一個最潑悍的女人。”
(BAPTISTA
Now, in good sadness, son Petruchio,
I think thou hast the veriest shrew of all.)
路森修的仆人特拉尼奧說的“At bay”是一句打獵術語,指的是被獵犬狂追的鹿兒突然轉身麵對獵犬。他在嘲笑彼特魯喬並未真正將悍妻困住,這促使彼特魯喬挑戰其他新婚丈夫,以證明自己的妻子是三位妻子中最聽話的。
而且在大庭廣眾之下,彼特魯喬無論是開玩笑還是假裝瘋狂,都故意將妻子凱瑟琳娜與家畜或無生命體征的財產視為同類。
比如,第三幕第二場,彼特魯喬在婚禮上說:“凱特,他們必須聽你的命令,你叫他們入席。大家聽新娘的話,去參加宴會吧,痛痛快快地喝酒狂歡,為她的貞潔幹杯,瘋狂一把,快樂一把,不然你們就給我上吊去。但我那嬌滴滴的凱特必須和我一起去。哎呀,不要睜大眼睛、不要頓足,不要緊緊盯著我,不要惱怒,我的東西我做主。她是我的商品,我的動產,她是我的房子,我的家庭用品,我的田地,我的穀倉,我的馬,我的牛,我的驢,我的一切。她站在這裏,誰敢碰她一下。哪個最膽大的要是在帕多瓦擋住我的去路,我就不客氣了。— 葛魯米奧,拿出你的武器來,我們被一群小偷包圍了,如果你還是男人的話,快去把你的女主人救出來。— 別怕,好娘們,他們不會碰你的,凱特。就算他們是百萬大軍,我也會保護你的。”
(PETRUCHIO
They shall go forward, Kate, at thy command.—
Obey the bride, you that attend on her.
Go to the feast, revel and domineer,
Carouse full measure to her maidenhead,
Be mad and merry, or go hang yourselves.
But for my bonny Kate, she must with me.
Nay, look not big, nor stamp, nor stare, nor fret;
I will be master of what is mine own.
She is my goods, my chattels; she is my house,
My household stuff, my field, my barn,
My horse, my ox, my ass, my anything.
And here she stands, touch her whoever dare.
I’ll bring mine action on the proudest he
That stops my way in Padua.—Grumio,
Draw forth thy weapon, we are beset with thieves.
Rescue thy mistress if thou be a man.—
Fear not, sweet wench, they shall not touch thee, Kate.
I’ll buckler thee against a million.)
從婚禮開始,彼特魯喬就開始了精心策劃的“去悍”療程。他用蠻橫無理的態度迫使妻子在寒冷的天氣和他一起騎馬回家。妻子中途落馬,跌在泥濘裏,又髒又濕,又累又餓。回到家,專橫的彼特魯以瑣事為借口打了仆人,還說仆人把肉烤得太熟了,借故不讓妻子吃東西。他故意將屋子弄得亂七八糟,在妻子昏昏欲睡時大聲吵鬧。
第四幕第一場,彼特魯喬有一段獨白:
“好吧,我以一個經過深思熟慮的計劃開始了我的統治,希望能圓滿成功。我的獵鷹現在非常饑餓,沒有吃東西,在她俯衝奪取食物前,不能讓她吃飽,否則她就不再關注誘餌。 我還有另一個計劃製服我那隻母鷹,讓她識別主人的呼喚,招之即來,揮之即去。那就是不讓她睡覺,拿她當一隻撲著翅膀不肯順服的幼鷹一樣對待。今天她沒有吃肉,以後也不給她吃。昨夜她沒有睡覺,今夜我也不讓她睡。就像故意挑剔肉食一樣,我會故意嫌被褥鋪的得不好,把枕頭、枕墊、被單、床墊到處亂扔,還說都是為了愛惜她才這樣做。總之讓她整夜不能合眼,倘若她犯困,我會大吼大叫,吵得她睡不著。這是以體貼為名消滅她的野性和任性,如果有誰知道更好的馴悍妙法,請他大聲說出來,本人不勝感激。”
(PETRUCHIO
Thus have I politicly begun my reign,
And ’tis my hope to end successfully.
My falcon now is sharp and passing empty,
And, till she stoop, she must not be full-gorged,
For then she never looks upon her lure.
Another way I have to man my haggard,
To make her come and know her keeper’s call.
That is, to watch her, as we watch these kites
That bate and beat and will not be obedient.
She ate no meat today, nor none shall eat.
Last night she slept not, nor tonight she shall not.
As with the meat, some undeservèd fault
I’ll find about the making of the bed,
And here I’ll fling the pillow, there the bolster,
This way the coverlet, another way the sheets.
Ay, and amid this hurly I intend
That all is done in reverend care of her.
And, in conclusion, she shall watch all night,
And if she chance to nod I’ll rail and brawl,
And with the clamor keep her still awake.
This is a way to kill a wife with kindness,
And thus I’ll curb her mad and headstrong humor.
He that knows better how to tame a shrew,
Now let him speak; ’tis charity to show.)
用獵鷹狩獵是英國上流社會時髦的運動,彼特魯喬具有豐富的馴鷹知識,這說明了他的優越的家庭出身。他用馴服悍鷹的那一套來對付自己的妻子,通過控製食物和睡眠在心理和生理上折磨妻子,從而鞏固夫權統治。- 這些細節都讓今天的讀者感到不自在,對踐踏女性尊嚴的父權和夫權產生極大的厭惡。