In 2016, 55 % of Chinese bank lending was for real estate, today the share is 15%. Meanwhile, share of lending to industry is up to 13% or so
從GDP占比看,2020年房地產及其產業鏈占我國GDP的17%(完全貢獻),其中房地產業增加值占GDP的7.3%(直接貢獻),房地產帶動產業鏈占GDP的9.9%(間接貢獻)
他的數據很難驗證,如“2020年,美國、德國的房地產業增加值占GDP的比重分別為12.2%、10%,我國僅7.3%。2019年,英國、日本房地產業增加值占GDP的比重分別為13.1%、11.7%,建築業占比分別為6.4%、5.4%。”
將旅遊業 11 個行業旅遊收入作為總產出乘以增加值率, 得出 11 個行業的增加值。 分別為: 航空旅客運輸 37.09 億元, 鐵路旅客運輸 46.22 億元, 公路旅客運輸業 20.96 億元, 城市公共交通業 11.72 億元, 住宿業 160.10 億元,餐飲業 111.88 億元, 景區遊覽 201.28 億元, 娛樂業 64.28 億元, 批發零售業43.95 億元, 郵電通信業 5.05 億元, 其他服務業 51.14 億元。 11 個行業增加值相加得出 2010 年旅遊業增加值為 753.66 億元
the era of revolution, national construction, and reform is over. This is a new era
(白明)I think common prosperity is arguably going to be in here to clarify that this is going to be one of the dominant themes of policymaking and messaging to Chinese people: I hear you. We’ve moved from one phase where we had to build up aggregate resources, now I hear all your concerns, I understand that the sort of neoliberal logic has created a lot of negative externalities, it hasn’t met the rising needs of the Chinese people, so don’t worry, this is now going to be our focus moving forward. We’ve always been listening to the people. The people have always had different demands, but we hear you.
28個重點監測城市商品住宅成交麵積環比再降7%,同比跌幅進一步擴至25%,較2019年同期下降17%。其中,一線城市成交全線回落,同、環比分別下降36%和23%。24個二、三線城市成交持續走低,環比再降4%、同比跌幅擴至23%,近8成二、三線城市成交同比轉降。
But over the next few years, China is likely to regain momentum — in part because of the hard work it is doing now
More than $5 trillion in debt that developers took on when times were good, according to economists at Nomura Holdings Inc.
That debt is nearly double what it was at the end of 2016 and is more than the entire economic output of Japan
bonds from 24 of the 59 Chinese development companies in an ICE BofA index of Asian corporate dollar bonds were trading at yields of above 20%
Total sales among China’s 100 largest developers were down by 36% in September from a year earlier
國家統計局數據顯示,2020年,房地產開發企業到位資金193115億元。其中最大的三個資金來源分別是,個人按揭貸款貸款29976億元,自籌資金63377億元,定金及預收款66547億元。預售金占到房企開發資金的35%。
sailing into an economic storm of his own making,在西方看來的危機(包括電荒),為什麽習近平無動於衷,還要堅持利用這千載難逢的機會推行“改革”?
be the latest in a long series of bold political gambles?賭?他們這麽想,是斷定習近平此舉並非出於穩定金融市場局麵,保證經濟平穩發展,而是要為自己連任而致力於“共同富裕”,不顧經濟所遭受的衝擊,高亨利也這麽說,證據:
as of August Chinese property sales were on track to hit 1.8bn sq m for the full year — compared with an annual average of 1.7bn sq m from 2017 to 2019. With surging sales and prices threatening Xi’s common prosperity agenda, officials were more willing to take risks with Evergrande when it started to miss payments to both retail investors and bondholders in September
Evergrande’s debt crisis could have a much larger impact on the Chinese economy than Xi and his economic advisers realise
“Fire sales of Evergrande’s land reserves could drive down land prices in many areas of the country, which would be quite frightening,” the adviser said. In that case, he added, “the only viable solution might be to gradually nationalise the whole real estate sector”
Chinese policymakers were instead heartened by the fact that the world’s second-largest economy has expanded 9.8 per cent over the first three quarters of 2021 compared with the same period last year — well above their full-year target of 6 per cent growth. As a result, they feel they have a “window of opportunity” to re-engineer what they see as the Chinese economy’s over-reliance on debt-fuelled property investment to generate growth
“The only surprise in China’s GDP figures is that they have not come in lower.
Since 2016, the real estate sector’s share of new loans has fallen from more than 50 per cent to about 15 per cent
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-11/chinese-builders-are-scrambling-for-ways-to-avoid-bond-defaults
https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-bond-markets-slump-again-new-evergrande-deadline-passes-2021-10-11/
At the end of June, 21 big Chinese real estate developers with Hong Kong listings owed $1.06 in interest for every dollar of operating earnings they generated
across the 321 companies over 64,000 creditors have claimed more than Rmb1.46tn ($227bn) in liabilities
the credibility of this expectation depends upon the policymaking process working as it has in the past,現在沒行動,大家可不是覺得你有毅力,而是覺得放棄
long-term objectives will not matter if the near-term tools of economic adjustment falter
中信銀行黨委書記、行長兼財務總監方合英在“2021年北京轄區上市公司投資者集體接待日”活動中,線上回複投資者提問時表示,中信銀行持續加強房地產行業授信管控,近幾年一直積極采取各項措施降低恒大表內外授信餘額。“截至8月末,恒大全口徑授信餘額已較2018年有大幅壓降。”他表示,中信銀行高度關注恒大集團經營和資金狀況,對恒大可能存在的風險,已充分預估並做好準備,積極增提減值準備,增加風險抵禦能力。目前恒大在中信銀行貸款均有抵質押物,抵押物總體足值
The Navy secretary will release a strategic guidance document this week outlining how the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps will maintain maritime dominance globally, strengthen strategic partnerships and empower people to succeed against China
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【9月能源和工業品價格大漲,帶動PPI新漲價動能明顯增強,這抵消了翹尾因素的進一步減弱,由此,當月PPI同比漲幅加快至10.7%,創下有記錄以來曆史新高
首先,7月以來,受安監、環保、極端天氣、疫情防控以及進口收緊等因素影響,煤炭供給偏緊,導致煤炭價格快速拉升。由於煤價上漲令下遊火電廠出現嚴重虧損,進而影響電力供應,造成缺電問題突出,再加上部分地區上半年“能耗雙控”目標完成情況不佳,8月以來,國內“能耗雙控”政策密集落實,多地出台限電、停產措施。盡管高耗煤行業限產停產在一定程度上減少了煤炭需求,但煤炭供給緊張局麵仍未得到逆轉,9月以來煤炭價格持續攀升。同時,鋼鐵、電解鋁、水泥、化工等高耗電、高碳排行業受“能耗雙控”政策影響較大,減產也導致國內鋼材、鋁、水泥等相關工業品價格上漲
另一方麵,9月以來,歐美能源危機愈演愈烈
9月PPI加速上漲主要受煤炭、油氣等傳統能源以及鋼材、有色金屬、水泥等工業品價格上漲帶動
9月加工工業PPI環比、同比漲幅也較上月有所加快,生活資料PPI環比漲幅持平上月於0.0%】
這幾個因數令人懷疑中國政府是不是到了宏觀失控的地步。批發價上升就是生產成本上升的反映,成本上升,中國的通脹卻不到1%,那誰這些成本是誰負擔的?
一是,從生產需求來看,海外重要經濟體PMI維持在景氣區間,其中對美出口拉動增速5.6個百分點,美國國內生產景氣,帶動我國出口,二是,從消費需求來看,疫情持續使得防疫、線上辦公、居家辦公等相關保持景氣,疊加海外節假日將近,傳統商品出口受益。三是,東南亞疫情嚴重或給我國帶來出口替代效應。四,部分出口商品漲價影響出口邊際,其原因可能包括供需錯配、商品競爭力提升等。比如集成電路9月出口數量環比下降7.3%,但均價上漲9.7%,出口額同比上漲32.7%
對美國出口走強,對歐日出口走弱(歐美日製造業PMI指數仍處於景氣區間,其中美國回升,歐日走弱)
9月進口同比增速回落,環比仍強,兩年平均增速上升,主要原因可能有幾點:一是,國內限電限產,製造業PMI跌破50,生產景氣度有所下降。二是,由於大宗商品價格高企,上遊漲價對中小企業生產造成壓製,減少了部分進口需求,但由於價格上漲,並未降低進口額。三是,加工貿易保持順暢對進口帶來促進作用,9月進料加工貿易增長17.3%(8月15.5%)。三是,基數影響。2020年8月進口增速-1.6%,9月增速升至13.5%。
(1)總量層麵,6月以來價格因素對出口的貢獻已經曆兩次上台階,6月為45%左右,7-8月上升至65%-70%,9月進一步衝高至90%左右。(2)指數層麵,下半年以來出口指數呈現出明顯的數量指數下行、價格指數上行的特征。(3)細分產品層麵,9月主要商品數量貢獻整體呈小幅弱化趨勢,包括生產側(汽車、集成電路、鋼材)和需求側(箱包、鞋靴、輕工製品)的出口,數量動能較上月普遍出現小幅弱化,但價格貢獻普遍出現較為明顯的強化。整體來看,9月出口超市場預期,主要受價格貢獻驅動;扣除價格效應看,出口似乎並不比上月要強,與市場預期的背離也會縮小
9月進口弱化,大宗商品進口量價貢獻同步走弱
9月出口額增速不降反升,大幅超出市場預期,主要原因在於當期我國主要出口商品價格大幅上漲,而非海外商品需求量明顯增長
9月進口增速大幅下滑,既受基數抬升影響,也因進口動能明顯減弱——除進口大宗商品價格漲幅放緩外,背後的主要原因是能耗雙控升級導致工業生產減速,企業對工業原材料的進口需求下降
“出口量變化才是衡量外需對國內經濟拉動作用的核心指標。我們判斷,四季度出口貨運量增速有可能轉入低位,這意味著未來一段時間出口對國內經濟增長的拉動作用會有所減弱”
2021年9月我國出口額同比增長28.1%(以人民幣計價同比增長19.9%,差值為上年同期至現在人民幣升值所致
當月我國主要出口商品數量同比增速變化不大,這與9月國內製造業PMI走低、以及近期工業增加值並未隨出口走強而改善相一致
也表明在撇除基數影響後,9月進口動能確實有明顯放緩,而且反映了7-8月的大宗商品價格(回落),而不是9月重新上升的價格
8月以來能耗雙控升級導致工業生產減速,企業對工業原材料的需求下降,同時考慮到地產降溫、消費低迷,國內生產端受限疊加消費端偏弱共同導致進口需求下滑
9月大豆進口量明顯減少,或因限電政策導致下遊大豆壓榨量走低,令榨油廠對大豆的需求下降
從前三季度來看,我國進口貿易額累計同比增長32.6%,增速較上年同期加快35.5個百分點,進口額高增的原因是今年大宗商品價格的快速上漲——9月末RJ-CRB商品價格指數較上年9月末累計上漲了54.2%,而2020年9月末該指數較2019年9月末累計下跌了14.7%
我們認為,這一方麵源於今年以來國內需求修複較為緩慢,尤其是三季度以來,受疫情、汛情、地產降溫、能耗雙控等因素影響,國內經濟下行壓力加大,需求端受到抑製,另一方麵,進口商品價格的快速上漲和海外疫情導致的供給不足也製約了國內進口需求的釋放。
習近平此刻還堅持整恒大(估計也別無選擇),更加加劇了經濟下行的壓力
最新數據顯示,2021年1-9月,全國造船完工量3034.0萬載重噸,同比增長6.2%,新承接船舶訂單量5415.6萬載重噸,同比增長223.3%,截至9月底,手持船舶訂單量9243.9萬載重噸,同比增長32.3%,比2020年底手持訂單增長30.0%。
中國船舶集團江南造船副總經理 林青山:今年的訂單非常火爆,應該從大多數中國骨幹船廠,包括韓國船廠都已經完成了全年的接單計劃
今年前九個月,我國造船完工量、新接訂單量、手持訂單量三大指標方麵分別占全球的45.6%、53.2%和47.3%,繼續保持全球第一的市場份額
船廠“增量不增利”的壓力也不斷增加
江蘇靖江的揚子江造船廠集裝箱船的訂單高達83艘,
今年前八個月,我國470家規模以上船舶製造企業實現主營業務收入1821.6億元,同比增長10.2%,但利潤總額僅有19.4億元,同比下降21.8%,整個船舶行業“增量不增利”的現象明顯。
基本上是國家幹預下,企業合作:13家重點船舶企業和15家重點船舶用鋼生產企業簽訂了長期采購協議。
中國船舶工業行業協會表示,今年以來,我國造船業船板價格每噸比韓國高出近800元,所以要想實現保訂單、保交付,離不開鋼鐵企業在船板供應方麵的支持
中國這套很難擋
有望讓產業鏈上遊相關上市公司“量價齊升”,但行嗎?
集裝箱運輸(下稱“集運”)和幹散貨運輸(下稱“幹散”)高漲的市場行情,催生國內造船行業“十年未見的繁榮景象”,短短半年,造船業從“寒氣刺骨”突然進入“熱浪逼人”之境地
“大部分訂單是對老舊船型的更新升級和區域航線的能力提升,並非是新增運力。另外,前兩年新船訂單少,今年初船價和融資成本降到船東的心理區間,船廠也急需訂單維持開工,所以很容易一拍即合。”
“不接單就有可能停產,這是最壞的結果”,所以沒有還價權
可這十年未見的“牛市”,怎麽一點話語權都沒有?
國內最大民營造船企業揚子江船業旗下的長博造船在暫停運營9年後重新恢複造船功能。與此同時,世界最大的集裝箱船獨立船東SeaspanCorporation與揚子江船業簽訂一筆10+5艘新巴拿馬型LNG動力集裝箱船訂單。至此,揚子江船業今年已接獲新造船數上升至112艘,共計66.7億美元(約合430.94億元人民幣),其中各型集裝箱船共計79艘;累計手持訂單一舉躍升至167艘,其中111艘為集裝箱船。
“2021年是揚子江船業有史以來接獲新造船訂單最好的一年。”揚子江船業董事長任樂天在發布公司半年報時如此表示
釋放儲備產能、接獲批量訂單,這隻是今年上半年新造船訂單爆發的一個縮影。去年下半年開始持續繁榮的航運市場帶動新造船訂單“井噴”,全球新造船訂單在今年上半年創下自2014年以來的新高
據克拉克森統計,今年上半年全球造船企業累計接獲新船766艘合計2402萬修正噸,同比增長接近200%。截至6月底,全球造船手持訂單量8091萬修正噸
近年來新造船的“訂單荒”
中國產業過剩,不少造船企業的手持訂單量僅能勉強保住一年開工量的“生死線”,船企上半年的搶單頗有“救急”之意,但這也是中國海軍能快速增加軍艦的實力背景,美國就遠遠沒有中國的實力,
創新工藝的應用正在進一步縮短船塢周期
造船用的鋼板價格上漲幅度高於新船價格的上漲幅度。
“必須要提高船價,否則成本控不住,今年的鋼鐵和銅漲價的太厲害了”。
船板價格同比上漲均超過70%,船用電纜同比上漲56%
韓國造船海洋、大宇造船和三星重工預測虧損
暴增的訂單和上漲的價格有望讓產業鏈上遊相關上市公司“量價齊升”
中遠海控9月2日晚披露了一項新船訂造合同,控股子公司東方海外及其附屬公司將分別從南通中遠川崎和大連中遠川崎訂造5艘集裝箱船,協議中單船運力均為16000TEU,每艘價格均為1.5758億美元,這10艘船舶總價為15.758億美元,約合101.9億元
揚子江船業集團今年接單量增至118艘,總金額達72.1億美元。
航運市場的火爆及運價上漲讓船東公司得以“開張吃三年”,並籌劃擴充運力
沒賺錢,也解決了就業,穩住了產業
張超判斷說,船舶行業正進入新一輪大周期,伴隨疫情後海運貿易景氣度回升,疊加老舊船型以及環保規則對船型更新需求,造船業將迎來訂單與價格的穩步提升
對於造船企業而言,目前也麵臨一些風險因素,包括船用鋼材價格的上漲以及匯率波動、人力成本上升等。記者獲得的數據顯示,上半年,中國船舶主營業務毛利率9.87%,同比增加1.37個百分點,同期,中國重工的毛利率為7.65%,同比增加1.9個百分點。正如前述,1-7月,新船價格漲幅約15%,造船毛利率雖然小幅增長,但成本必然侵蝕了部分利潤
今年5月,中遠海運重工負責人走訪了湘鋼,並對打造雙方長期穩定的戰略合作夥伴關係,共創綠色、健康、可持續發展的產業鏈合作模式提出期望。9月,南鋼集團負責人走訪中遠海運重工,雙方就構建安全、互惠、穩定供應鏈關係,共同應對市場風險進行了交流
美國戰略
suiran jiduan
According to a leaked account by one of his old friends, Xi has found himself, like Wang, “repulsed by the all-encompassing commercialization of Chinese society, with its attendant nouveaux riches, official corruption, loss of values, dignity, and self-respect, and such ‘moral evils’ as drugs and prostitution.” Wang has now seemingly convinced Xi that they have no choice but to take drastic action to head off existential threats to social order being generated by Western-style economic and cultural liberal-capitalism—threats nearly identical to those that scourge the U.S.
例子
技術封鎖
“We cannot afford to lose supremacy in these areas [so] this warrants this level of outreach”
美國總統笑一笑或者怎麽樣,中國人會激動半天(時殷弘)
自戕
真的嗎?
While Washington stays vigilant, the corporate world sees new opportunity
經濟製裁
The Use and Abuse of Economic Coercion
By Daniel W. Drezner, September/October 2021, Foreign Affairs
現任財政部副部長和原財政部部長對話:
也許最大的震驚,是美國情報部門(軍事和非軍事(如中情局和外交部))一點都沒預料到
Vipin Narang @NarangVipin
One reason why the US pursues counterforce and missile defense capabilities is precisely to force adversaries to invest a lot of time and resources to develop crazy experimental systems. This is a feature, not a bug, of US strategy
David Edelstein @dmedelstein
But, yet, folks still freak out when others do precisely what the strategy is intended to provoke
Stephen Walt @stephenWalt
Because freaking out is also a feature of US foreign and national security policy (often about the wrong things).
David Edelstein @dmedelstein
Great powers hate being reminded that others have agency.
Chris Combs
還在泄漏
越吹越厲害
為什麽陸克文說冷戰不僅有可能,而且有可能性(概率非零)?(2021.09.24)
陸克文恨中國的體製,中國帶來的威脅,但意識到沒法把中國從地球上消滅掉,而且任何戰爭都將會極其殘酷,所以和平第一
但“西方聯合起來共同對抗中國”這個想法是有的,這就是說,西方真是把中國視為威脅己之生產
陸克文覺得歐洲“覺醒”了,中國太欺人,打破了“規矩為基礎的國際秩序”,傷了西方的利益
為什麽美國這麽緊著否認?
his repeated references this year to a generational struggle between “autocracy and democracy” conjured for some the ideological edge of the 1950s and ’60s
William J. Burns, to confront “the most important geopolitical threat we face in the 21st century, an increasingly adversarial Chinese government.”
the old Cold War is the wrong way to frame what is happening. Instead, they argue that it should be possible for the two superpowers to compartmentalize中國原則上拒絕了這一比喻,但如果美國主動降溫,中國也不拒絕
美國隻有很少幾項是願意和中國商搓的:氣候、朝核、一般反恐、瘟疫
competitive coexistence, strategic competition
“This is nothing like the Cold War, which was primarily a military competition,” 所以這比冷戰還嚴重,更廣泛,但恰恰因為中國避開軍事對抗,使得美國不好牌軍艦包圍,但其他領域全麵對抗
with Huawei and China Telecom equipment running data through NATO nations, the Chinese-owned TikTok app active on tens of millions of American phones,(中國什麽都是邪惡的)
大家隻是避免冷戰這個詞,都當成冷戰來處理
"competitive coexistence" will differ from those one would pursue if one were to conclude that one could achieve a decisive, Cold War-style victory over one's principal challenger.如果美國不再以摧毀中國為目的,是不想,還是不現實?
中國人也很敏感,拜登發言,很少報道,但《南華早報》覺得美國是把中國往極端推
美國這套行嗎?是無能,還是別的?
太惡了
留一條後路:
兩個月前:
燈塔國,川粉拜奴,尤其是那些華裔的,一想起厲害國厲害,小粉紅連愛國都得受管製,我這都是自由,心理就平衡了
民調掉了
戴口罩很能提體現美國的心態,其實戴口罩更多是為了減少飛沫,保護他人,希望通過人人為我我為人人,但美國卻是“人人為我我不為人”,不說是不是救了自己,害了自己,這是對經濟的一個打擊
globalization has also been blamed for putting the United States into a position of excessive dependence on foreign supplies as varied as medical equipment and semiconductors
industrial policy. They seek a bigger role for the U.S. government in shaping what gets made where. The idea has been championed by Presidents Donald Trump and Biden and members of Congress from conservatives like Marco Rubio and Josh Hawley to progressives like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Elizabeth Warren
包沐:適得其反
基本上就是一個事實:美國成本太高,形成“壟斷產業聯盟”
目前美國和西方的專門政策是針對醫用防護物品和半導體,這兩個行業,但以後