笨狼發牢騷
發發牢騷，解解悶，消消愁
正文
最近一些美籍亞洲人團體（中印巴，據說有64個組織之多）到教育部投訴哈佛大學，指控哈佛在入學招生時歧視美籍亞洲子弟【1】【2】，用名額限製將他們排擠在校門之外。之前，已經有人在法庭上告了，馬裏蘭大學（亞裔，像是韓）Julie J. Park不以為然【3】。
具體做起來，大學為了降低亞裔的錄取率，給他們入學考試成績價格門檻，而對其他少數種族則降個台階，有人說亞裔的門檻高達（美國高考SAT）150分之多【5】。美國大學此舉，是一種“多元化”的意願（diversification），主要出於改正曆史上白人對黑人的歧視（事實），現在已經有白人覺得是反麵歧視了，亞裔覺得更甚。然而哈佛不覺得自己做得有什麽不對的，“the university said its admissions philosophy complies with the law. The school points out that the percentage of admitted Asian-American students has spiked — from 17 percent a decade ago, to 21 percent. The population of Asian-Americans in the U.S.? Just 6 percent”【1】。
為什麽亞裔成績好？首先想到的是智力，“亞裔”，“智力”，自然得聯係到種族的智力了。也許研究不少，到大家知道較多的，是
The Bell Curve
Richard J. Herrnstein, Charles Murray
一書。此書主要比較美國白人與黑人，亞裔不太具體，隻是說亞裔智商估計是高於白人，不過在這個課題上，“亞裔”，乃指東亞，“中日韓”，而不是整個亞洲。在之後相關的一本書裏：
The Global Bell Curve: Race, IQ, and Inequality Worldwide
Professor Richard Lynn
這是大概的描述：
這些研究不是定論，爭議大，我自然不會把它們當標準。
撇開智力不說，亞洲人考試厲害，是事實（印度裔也不差），沒說的，所以亞洲人都覺得大學欺負他們，洛杉磯時報【4】的描述很具體。
就華裔來說，不論如何，我們的教育傳統是世界上無與倫比的，我個人印象是世界上別的種族都遠遠比不過。猶太人教育意識，自然跟中國人至少不相上下，也許更甚，隱約記得蔡美兒的一個故事（也許記錯了，是另外一個人），在一次論壇討論時，她說小時候有一次考試得了第二，本來在美國大家高高興興，結果他老爸卻說“下次別給我丟臉了”，同台的一個猶太人說，我們也會是這樣。在美國猶太人受歧視通常不是個話題，因為現在猶太人很厲害，占據了美國主要領域，大把精英，一百多年前，美國猶太人是哦備受歧視，直到（二）戰後，猶太人奮發，成為社會精英主力，改變了受歧視的局麵。
華裔的教育傳統自然對下一代產生了一個良性循環，是個主要的因素。
不過考試考得好反過來也難以證明一類人比另外一類人聰明，這些爭議、複雜的話題（愛因斯坦智商就不怎麽地），還有讀書好不一定創業能力強，大師、成領袖之類的，咱就不說了，留給專家們吧【6】。我這老百姓，關心的，是實際效應，就是美籍亞洲人的生活質量如何，這嘛，隻要看數據，讓事實說話就行了。
用的是美國數據，兩個原因。一是能找到數據，而是美國是個大熔爐，對各個種族的比較，好環境。
大學教育程度
【10】
【11】
收入【11】
皮尤研究中心：收入、財富【12】
此注、、此組數據亞與瞧白人相仿，估計與政治、經濟地位有關
離婚率【11】
最後結論嘛，大家自己判斷。
【1】（全國大眾電台）Is Harvard Showing Bias Against Asian-Americans?
【2】（華爾街日報，見下）Harvard Accused of Bias Against Asian-Americans
【3】（華郵）個人專欄The misleading lawsuit accusing Harvard of bias against Asian Americans
【4】（洛杉磯時報）For Asian Americans, a changing landscape on college admissions
【5】搜搜“Charles Liu SAT 150”
【6】不管能否成為大師，優秀的教育通常能造就社會棟梁，能幹又不爭，這是為什麽亞裔容易被接收，也容易被欺負。
【10】Demographics of US College Graduates in 2013
【11】If Asian Americans saw white Americans the way white Americans see black Americans（此標題很逗：（美國）亞裔瞧白人就像白人瞧黑人一般）
【12】（皮尤研究中心）Race in America: Tracking 50 Years of Demographic Trends
【華爾街日報】
Harvard Accused of Bias Against Asian-Americans
Complaint alleges university sets higher bar for applicants to limit Asian enrollment
A complaint Friday alleged that Harvard University discriminates against Asian-American applicants by setting a higher bar for admissions than that faced by other groups.
The complaint, filed by a coalition of 64 organizations, says the university has set quotas to keep the numbers of Asian-American students significantly lower than the quality of their applications merits. It cites third-party academic research on the SAT exam showing that Asian-Americans have to score on average about 140 points higher than white students, 270 points higher than Hispanic students and 450 points higher than African-American students to equal their chances of gaining admission to Harvard. The exam is scored on a 2400-point scale.
The complaint was filed with the U.S. Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights.
“Many studies have indicated that Harvard University has been engaged in systemic and continuous discrimination against Asian-Americans during its very subjective ‘Holistic’ college admissions process,” the complaint alleges.
The coalition is seeking a federal investigation and is requesting Harvard “immediately cease and desist from using stereotypes, racial biases and other discriminatory means in evaluating Asian-American applicants.”
Robert Iuliano, Harvard’s general counsel, said the school’s admissions policies are “fully compliant with the law.” The school says its admissions process takes into account a variety of factors besides academics, including applicants’ extracurricular activities and leadership qualities.
“Within its holistic admissions process, and as part of its effort to build a diverse class, Harvard College has demonstrated a strong record of recruiting and admitting Asian American students,” Mr. Iuliano said in a statement. He said the percentage of Asian-American students admitted to the undergraduate school rose to 21% from less than 18% in the past decade.
But the group that filed the complaint said that percentage should be much higher given the increasing numbers of Asian-American students that apply.
“There is a lot of discrimination, and it hurts not just Asian-Americans, it hurts the whole country,” said Yukong Zhao, a 52-year-old Chinese-American author who helped organize the coalition. He said there are longtime stereotypes of Asian applicants’ being “not creative enough or risk-taking enough, but that’s not true. Nearly half of the tech start-ups in the country were started by Asian-Americans. Every one is a great example of creativity, and risk-taking and leadership.”
The complaint argues that elite schools “that use race-neutral admissions” have far higher Asian-American enrollment than Harvard. At California Institute of Technology, for instance, about 40% of undergraduates are Asian-American, about twice that at Harvard.
The allegations come six months after a group called Students for Fair Admissions argued in a federal lawsuit that Harvard uses preferences to reach specific racial balance on its campuses.
Thomas Espenshade, a Princeton University sociologist who has done work on race in college admissions, said the complaint was the result of long-simmering anger in the Asian-American community.
“Up until five or 10 years ago the response has been, ‘Well we just have to work harder,’ ” Mr. Espenshade said. “But over the last decade, more groups are starting to mobilize, saying we don’t have to just accept his, we can push back against it.”
具體做起來，大學為了降低亞裔的錄取率，給他們入學考試成績價格門檻，而對其他少數種族則降個台階，有人說亞裔的門檻高達（美國高考SAT）150分之多【5】。美國大學此舉，是一種“多元化”的意願（diversification），主要出於改正曆史上白人對黑人的歧視（事實），現在已經有白人覺得是反麵歧視了，亞裔覺得更甚。然而哈佛不覺得自己做得有什麽不對的，“the university said its admissions philosophy complies with the law. The school points out that the percentage of admitted Asian-American students has spiked — from 17 percent a decade ago, to 21 percent. The population of Asian-Americans in the U.S.? Just 6 percent”【1】。
為什麽亞裔成績好？首先想到的是智力，“亞裔”，“智力”，自然得聯係到種族的智力了。也許研究不少，到大家知道較多的，是
The Bell Curve
Richard J. Herrnstein, Charles Murray
一書。此書主要比較美國白人與黑人，亞裔不太具體，隻是說亞裔智商估計是高於白人，不過在這個課題上，“亞裔”，乃指東亞，“中日韓”，而不是整個亞洲。在之後相關的一本書裏：
The Global Bell Curve: Race, IQ, and Inequality Worldwide
Professor Richard Lynn
這是大概的描述：
這些研究不是定論，爭議大，我自然不會把它們當標準。
撇開智力不說，亞洲人考試厲害，是事實（印度裔也不差），沒說的，所以亞洲人都覺得大學欺負他們，洛杉磯時報【4】的描述很具體。
就華裔來說，不論如何，我們的教育傳統是世界上無與倫比的，我個人印象是世界上別的種族都遠遠比不過。猶太人教育意識，自然跟中國人至少不相上下，也許更甚，隱約記得蔡美兒的一個故事（也許記錯了，是另外一個人），在一次論壇討論時，她說小時候有一次考試得了第二，本來在美國大家高高興興，結果他老爸卻說“下次別給我丟臉了”，同台的一個猶太人說，我們也會是這樣。在美國猶太人受歧視通常不是個話題，因為現在猶太人很厲害，占據了美國主要領域，大把精英，一百多年前，美國猶太人是哦備受歧視，直到（二）戰後，猶太人奮發，成為社會精英主力，改變了受歧視的局麵。
華裔的教育傳統自然對下一代產生了一個良性循環，是個主要的因素。
不過考試考得好反過來也難以證明一類人比另外一類人聰明，這些爭議、複雜的話題（愛因斯坦智商就不怎麽地），還有讀書好不一定創業能力強，大師、成領袖之類的，咱就不說了，留給專家們吧【6】。我這老百姓，關心的，是實際效應，就是美籍亞洲人的生活質量如何，這嘛，隻要看數據，讓事實說話就行了。
用的是美國數據，兩個原因。一是能找到數據，而是美國是個大熔爐，對各個種族的比較，好環境。
大學教育程度
【10】
【11】
收入【11】
皮尤研究中心：收入、財富【12】
此注、、此組數據亞與瞧白人相仿，估計與政治、經濟地位有關
離婚率【11】
最後結論嘛，大家自己判斷。
【1】（全國大眾電台）Is Harvard Showing Bias Against Asian-Americans?
【2】（華爾街日報，見下）Harvard Accused of Bias Against Asian-Americans
【3】（華郵）個人專欄The misleading lawsuit accusing Harvard of bias against Asian Americans
【4】（洛杉磯時報）For Asian Americans, a changing landscape on college admissions
【5】搜搜“Charles Liu SAT 150”
【6】不管能否成為大師，優秀的教育通常能造就社會棟梁，能幹又不爭，這是為什麽亞裔容易被接收，也容易被欺負。
【10】Demographics of US College Graduates in 2013
【11】If Asian Americans saw white Americans the way white Americans see black Americans（此標題很逗：（美國）亞裔瞧白人就像白人瞧黑人一般）
【12】（皮尤研究中心）Race in America: Tracking 50 Years of Demographic Trends
【華爾街日報】
Harvard Accused of Bias Against Asian-Americans
Complaint alleges university sets higher bar for applicants to limit Asian enrollment
A complaint Friday alleged that Harvard University discriminates against Asian-American applicants by setting a higher bar for admissions than that faced by other groups.
The complaint, filed by a coalition of 64 organizations, says the university has set quotas to keep the numbers of Asian-American students significantly lower than the quality of their applications merits. It cites third-party academic research on the SAT exam showing that Asian-Americans have to score on average about 140 points higher than white students, 270 points higher than Hispanic students and 450 points higher than African-American students to equal their chances of gaining admission to Harvard. The exam is scored on a 2400-point scale.
The complaint was filed with the U.S. Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights.
“Many studies have indicated that Harvard University has been engaged in systemic and continuous discrimination against Asian-Americans during its very subjective ‘Holistic’ college admissions process,” the complaint alleges.
The coalition is seeking a federal investigation and is requesting Harvard “immediately cease and desist from using stereotypes, racial biases and other discriminatory means in evaluating Asian-American applicants.”
Robert Iuliano, Harvard’s general counsel, said the school’s admissions policies are “fully compliant with the law.” The school says its admissions process takes into account a variety of factors besides academics, including applicants’ extracurricular activities and leadership qualities.
“Within its holistic admissions process, and as part of its effort to build a diverse class, Harvard College has demonstrated a strong record of recruiting and admitting Asian American students,” Mr. Iuliano said in a statement. He said the percentage of Asian-American students admitted to the undergraduate school rose to 21% from less than 18% in the past decade.
But the group that filed the complaint said that percentage should be much higher given the increasing numbers of Asian-American students that apply.
“There is a lot of discrimination, and it hurts not just Asian-Americans, it hurts the whole country,” said Yukong Zhao, a 52-year-old Chinese-American author who helped organize the coalition. He said there are longtime stereotypes of Asian applicants’ being “not creative enough or risk-taking enough, but that’s not true. Nearly half of the tech start-ups in the country were started by Asian-Americans. Every one is a great example of creativity, and risk-taking and leadership.”
The complaint argues that elite schools “that use race-neutral admissions” have far higher Asian-American enrollment than Harvard. At California Institute of Technology, for instance, about 40% of undergraduates are Asian-American, about twice that at Harvard.
The allegations come six months after a group called Students for Fair Admissions argued in a federal lawsuit that Harvard uses preferences to reach specific racial balance on its campuses.
Thomas Espenshade, a Princeton University sociologist who has done work on race in college admissions, said the complaint was the result of long-simmering anger in the Asian-American community.
“Up until five or 10 years ago the response has been, ‘Well we just have to work harder,’ ” Mr. Espenshade said. “But over the last decade, more groups are starting to mobilize, saying we don’t have to just accept his, we can push back against it.”
評論
Vita_Bella01
2015-06-07 22:24:04
回複
悄悄話
隻能說這30年來美國的亞裔大部分是讀書來的, 是被選拔過的, 不具代表性, 不能跟這裡的其他族裔相提並論.
登錄後才可評論.
