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The lives and stories of 56 signatories of the Declaration of In

(2023-07-06 12:23:21) 下一個

Can you pull out a list of books on those 56 people?
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Certainly! While I cannot provide an exhaustive list, here are a few notable books that discuss the lives and stories of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence, including the 56 people you mentioned:

"Signing Their Lives Away: The Fame and Misfortune of the Men Who Signed the Declaration of Independence" by Denise Kiernan and Joseph D'Agnese
"Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation" by Joseph J. Ellis
"1776" by David McCullough
"The Quartet: Orchestrating the Second American Revolution, 1783-1789" by Joseph J. Ellis
"American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson" by Joseph J. Ellis
"The Summer of 1787: The Men Who Invented the Constitution" by David O. Stewart
"John Adams" by David McCullough
"Benjamin Franklin: An American Life" by Walter Isaacson
"Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power" by Jon Meacham
"Alexander Hamilton" by Ron Chernow

These books provide insights into the lives, experiences, and contributions of the founding fathers and the signers of the Declaration of Independence. They shed light on the historical context and the challenges faced during the birth of the United States.

Five signatories were captured and subjected to torture as traitors by the British before their death. The houses of twelve individuals were ransacked and burned. The sons of two signatories lost their lives in the revolutionary army, while another signatory had both of his sons taken captive. Out of the 56 signers, nine died during the Revolutionary War due to injuries or hardships.

These signers pledged their lives, fortunes, and sacred honor by affixing their signatures.

What kind of people were they? Twenty-four were lawyers and jurists. Eleven were merchants, and nine were farmers and large plantation owners, all of them affluent and well-educated. Yet they signed the Declaration of Independence, fully aware that they would face execution if captured.

Carter Braxton of Virginia was a wealthy plantation owner and trader who witnessed his own ships swept away by the British navy. He sold his property and possessions to repay his debts, ending up destitute.

Thomas McKean was relentlessly pursued by the British, forcing him and his family to constantly move. He worked without pay in Congress while his family remained in hiding. His property was confiscated, and poverty was his reward.

Marauders, soldiers, or both, looted the properties of Ellery, Clymer, Hall, Walton, Gwinnett, Hayward, Rutledge, and Middleton.

During the Battle of Yorktown, General Cornwallis took over the Nelson residence as his headquarters, as noted by Thomas Nelson Jr. The owner quietly urged General George Washington to open fire. The house was destroyed, and Nelson died bankrupt.

Francis Lewis had his home and property destroyed. His wife was imprisoned by the enemy, and she died several months later.

When his wife was on her deathbed, John Hart was driven away from her bedside. Their thirteen children fled for their lives. His fields and mill were abandoned. He lived in the forest and caves for over a year, only to return home and find his wife dead and his children missing. A few weeks later, exhausted and heartbroken, he passed away.

Norris and Livingston suffered similar fates. This is the story of sacrifice in the American Revolution. These individuals were not arrogant instigators or villains inciting violence. They were genteel, wealthy, and educated. They had security, but they valued freedom more. They stood tall and firm, pledging, "With a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor."

Michael W. Smith

五名簽名者被英國人當作叛徒抓獲，並在死前遭受酷刑。十二人的房屋遭到洗劫和燒毀。其中兩人的兒子在革命軍中喪生，另一人的兩個兒子被俘。 56 人中，有 9 人因革命戰爭中的負傷或苦難而戰死。

他們簽了字，並宣誓了自己的生命、財產和神聖榮譽。

他們是什麽樣的人？二十四人是律師和法學家。十一人是商人，九人是農民和大種植園主，他們都是有錢人，受過良好教育。但他們簽署了《獨立宣言》，清楚地知道如果他們被俘虜將被判處死刑。

弗吉尼亞州的卡特·布拉克斯頓 (Carter Braxton) 是一位富有的種植園主和貿易商，他親眼目睹自己的船隻被英國海軍從海上橫掃而去。他賣掉了自己的房屋和財產來償還債務，然後衣衫襤褸地死去。

托馬斯·麥基姆 (Thomas McKeam) 受到英國人的追捕，幾乎被迫不斷地舉家搬遷。他在國會無薪工作，他的家人也躲藏起來。他的財產被奪走了，而貧窮就是他的回報。

破壞者或士兵或兩者兼而有之，搶劫了埃勒裏、克萊默、霍爾、沃爾頓、格溫內特、海沃德、拉特利奇和米德爾頓的財產。

在約克鎮戰役中，小托馬斯·納爾遜指出，英國將軍康沃利斯接管了納爾遜故居作為他的總部。主人悄悄地敦促喬治·華盛頓將軍開火。房屋被毀，納爾遜破產身亡。

弗朗西斯·劉易斯的家園和財產被毀。敵人把他的妻子關進監獄，幾個月後她就死了。

當妻子生命垂危時，約翰·哈特被從床邊趕了出來。他們的 13 個孩子逃命。他的田地和磨坊都被荒廢了。他在森林和洞穴裏生活了一年多，回到家時發現妻子死了，孩子也失蹤了。幾周後，他因疲憊和心碎而去世。諾裏斯和利文斯頓也遭遇了類似的命運。這就是美國革命的故事和犧牲。這些人並不是目空一切、煽動暴民的惡棍。他們都是說話溫和、有錢、受過教育的人。他們有安全感，但他們更看重自由。他們昂首挺胸，堅定不移地宣誓：“為了支持這一宣言，堅定地依靠神聖天意的保護，我們相互保證，保證我們的生命、我們的財富和我們神聖的榮譽。”

邁克爾·W·史密斯