美國羅斯福總統的“經濟權利法案”Franklin D. Roosevelt“The Economic Bill of Right

美國羅斯福總統的 “ 經濟權利法案 ” Franklin D. Roosevelt “The Economic Bill of Rights” Excerpt from 11 January 1944 message to Congress on the State of the Union

It is our duty now to begin to lay the plans and determine the strategy for the winning of a lasting peace and the establishment of an American standard of living higher than ever before known. We cannot be content, no matter how high that general standard of living may be, if some fraction of our people—whether it be one-third or one-fifth or one-tenth—is ill-fed, ill-clothed, ill-housed, and insecure.
這是我們的責任，由現在開始來奠定的計劃和確定方針，為贏得 持久和平和建立一個美國人的生活標準，超過以往所知的任何時候。 不管我們一般生活的水準有多高，假如 我們小部分的人民，無論是三分之一或五分之一或十分之一，吃不飽，穿不暖， 住不好與活得不安全， 我們都不能因此而滿意 。

This Republic had its beginning, and grew to its present strength, under the protection of certain inalienable political rights—among them the right of free speech, free press, free worship, trial by jury, freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. They were our rights to life and liberty.
這共和國有其開始，發展到目前的實力，在某些不可剝奪 政治權利的保護下，其中有言論自由、出版自由、信仰自由、由陪審團審判、不受不合理的搜查和扣押的自由。 它們是我們的生命權和自由。

As our nation has grown in size and stature, however—as our industrial economy expanded—these political rights proved inadequate to assure us equality in the pursuit of happiness.
正如我們的民族是擴大了規模和地位，但作為工業經濟蓬 勃發展，這些政治權利證明不足以保證我們在追求幸福的權利平等。

We have come to a clear realization of the fact that true individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independence. “Necessitous men are not free men.” People who are hungry and out of a job are the stuff of which dictatorships are made.
我們明確的認識到了一個事實，真正的個人自由，不能存在於沒有經濟安全和獨立。 “貧乏的人是不自由的人。” 饑餓和失業的人們，是獨裁的前體。

In our day these economic truths have become accepted as self-evident. We have accepted, so to speak, a second Bill of Rights under which a new basis of security and prosperity can be established for all—regardless of station, race, or creed.
在我們今天這些經濟真理已成為自我接納自明。 我們已經接受，可以說，權利下的安全與繁榮的新的基礎 上可以對所有的設立第二項條例草案，不論地位，種族或信仰。

Among these are: 其中包括：

The right to a useful and remunerative job in the industries or shops or farms or mines of the nation;
到一個行業或在商店或農場或民族地雷有益和有報酬的工 作的權利 ;

The right to earn enough to provide adequate food and clothing and recreation;
有權獲得足以提供足夠的食物和衣物和娛樂 ;

The right of every farmer to raise and sell his products at a return which will give him and his family a decent living;
每個農民有權提出和出售自己的產品的回報，這將給他和 他的家人體麵的生活 ;

The right of every businessman, large and small, to trade in an atmosphere of freedom from unfair competition and domination by monopolies at home or abroad;
每一個商人，大大小小的權利，在自由的氣氛中貿易的不 公平競爭和在國內或國外壟斷的統治 ;

The right of every family to a decent home;
每個家庭的權利安居 ;

The right to adequate medical care and the opportunity to achieve and enjoy good health;
在適當的醫療服務，並有機會實現和身體健康的權利 ;

The right to adequate protection from the economic fears of old age, sickness, accident, and unemployment;
在從老年，疾病，事故的經濟擔憂充分保護的權利，和失 業 ;

The right to a good education.
有受良好教育的權利。

All of these rights spell security. And after this war is won we must be prepared to move forward, in the implementation of these rights, to new goals of human happiness and well-being.
所有這些權利代表的是安全。 之後是贏得這場戰爭，我們必須準備向前邁進，在這些權 利的落實，對人類幸福和新的目標福祉。

America’s own rightful place in the world depends in large part upon how fully these and similar rights have been carried into practice for our citizens.
美國自己在國際上應有的地位取決於如何充分這些和類似 的權利已付諸實踐為我們的公民在很大程度上。

---

Roosevelt's January 11 address was delivered via radio, due to the President's illness at the time. During the last portion dealing with the Second Bill of Rights, he asked news cameras to come in and begin filming for later broadcast. This footage was believed lost until it was uncovered in 2008 in South Carolina by Michael Moore while researching for the film Capitalism: A Love Story. The footage shows Roosevelt's Second Bill of Rights address in its entirety, as well as a shot of the Five Rights printed on a sheet of paper

羅斯福的 1 月 11 日報告發表後通過廣播，由於當時總統 的病情。 在過去與人權法案處理第二部分，他要求新聞攝像機進來，開始拍攝後播出。 這個畫麵被認為喪失直到它發現於 2008 年由邁克爾摩 爾在南卡羅來納州，而資本主義的電影研究：一個愛情故事。 錄像帶顯示，羅斯福的第二次人權法案處理整個，以及權 利的五杆一紙印 刷

---

source: The Public Papers & Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt (Samuel Rosenman, ed.), Vol XIII (NY: Harper, 1950), 40-42
12 How. 152: “Necessitous men,” says the Lord Chancellor, in Vernon v Bethell, 2 Eden 113 (1762), “are not, truly speaking, free men; but, to answer a present emergency, will submit to any terms that the crafty may impose on them.”