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Learning Curves

(2012-10-04 07:18:07) 下一個


Today, when I woke up so early in the morning, I decided to write this down. I record it for myself, my son, my nieces and nephews, and family and friends.

Rather than an asymptotic line as told by those advance learners when I started to seriously learn English, as shown in yellow in the above graph, I followed a symmetric one as the black line shows. The 4~5 years measure is for language learning, and it would be shortened to about 1/10 of it if it were to learn something new in or close to my own field.

I was to "kill the enemies one by one" when I decided to work on my language skills a little more than 4 years ago. The first target I picked was accent. I thought I could get it right in about 2 years -- 1 at best and 3 in the worst case, and then I could focus on expressing skills. Now four years has passed, and I still speak Chinglish even in terms of only pronunciation. However, to my surprise, things have finally started to pick up, not only in pronunciation, but also in expression. In the meantime that my ears started to really tell the phonetic sounds, those words that I had looked into dictionaries for tens and hundreds of times but still left no trace in my memory started to show up more and more often when I needed them, appearing first vaguely and then clearer and clearer.

The other day I shared on the forum my parking lot adventure. Not many paid attention to it though, it actually made me think a lot. I realized that learning could never enter the same track as that mission impossible (unless reverse and back out completely) situation as shown in the below graph. The true efforts one has paid would never end up in vain, as long as she doesn't give up too early. I admit it does take guts to do so though. I am not a hardworking nor a persistent person. But now I proved it to myself that I do have the confidence that I need in myself, ignoring what kind of situation I am in, and to the very few things that I really care, I am determined to some degree of stubburnness. Oh, yes, and now I am proud of being so. :-)

 

 

 

 

The left side is a solid 6-inch-high curb. What is the easiest way to get the car parked?

 
我非常讚同sportwoman 九月八號在論壇上分享的下麵這篇文章的觀點,它跟我自己及家人的學習經曆吻合。

如何進行中學語文教學

 

張朝鑫

 

中學語文課不好上,中學語文課難上,難道什麽程度呢 ?用當地的話講:“語文課難上,就像漂流黃河長江。”什麽意思,就是說,語文中的學問就像長江黃河一樣博大精深。學生如何在這滾滾奔流的江水中舀到屬於自己的“一碗水”或“一盆水”或“一桶水”,那就要看教師這個“領航人”是如何帶領學生這些“旱鴨子”,由“落湯雞”變成“水上漂”的。本文對此作一點淺論。

 

一、語文課堂教學是教師和學生共同創建的教學美

 

語文教學,教師就像帶領學生在長江黃河上漂流。教師作為“漂流隊”的導航人,必須具有搏擊風浪、迎急流、跨險灘的本領,才能駕輕就熟地越過重重障礙,在飛流直下的江河裏等閑航行。

 

對學生來講,光靠領航人指路是不行的,還必須親自駕舟湧進江水,接觸急流,與風浪搏擊。既然是“漂流”,那就必須具備其基本要領技術。除了駕馭江水的本領外,還必須對長江黃河有一個整體感知。漂流長江黃河,最難的是上遊,其技術要求高,因為上遊山高水急、落差最大、危險最多。若不熟悉基本情況,就可能一涉水就成“千古恨”——“水好深啊!好冷啊!好怕呀!太難了!”再也不想“漂”了。然而隻要漂過了上遊,就是一馬平川,以後的航程就足可“任憑風吹浪打,勝似閑庭信步”了。(《毛澤東詩詞·遊泳》)

 

語文教學也是如此,教師如何帶領學生在語文的江河中漂流呢?學生必須要積累有基本技能、基本知識,教師必須帶領學生到“三江源頭”去查地形、看水情、觀急流、算落差,然後駕舟入江親自去整體感知。教師要運用一定的手段再創造,讓學生自己“漂”、與學生一起“漂”。而不能“隔岸官火”、坐陣指揮。也就是說,語文教學是教師和學生共同創造的教學美。在這個過程中,學生就會在教師的指導下生動活潑地發現、創造、享受語文教學中的美感。這是很美的事。如果學生不參與這個過程,他就得不到成功的快樂,當然也讀不懂書。在這個過程中,教師必須讓學生自己“漂”,不能“以講代漂”“隻講不漂”。這“漂”就是讀書——學生自讀課文。讀書就是積累基礎知識、基本技能,如果把“漂流”說成是整體感知江水,那麽讀書就是整體感知課文,提高閱讀能力。教師要根據課文的重點、難點幫助編出自讀提綱——思考題,這就像“漂流航行圖”給學生以指導。這很重要,要在“漂流”——閱讀前進行,先下手為強。http://blog.people.com.cn/open/articleFine.do?articleId=1313975022990

整體感知即整體閱讀:先朗讀後默讀。朗讀重在讀出感覺,默讀重在讀出思考。學生從整體閱讀中感知課文的內容、觀點、傾向和作者的感情,從整體上把握住課文的感情基調是悲傷?喜悅?激動?平靜?就像“漂流”中感知江水的急、緩、冷、暖、清、濁一樣。

 

在整體感知的基礎上,學生按照教師的“漂流圖”——思考題,獨立思考解決問題——自己“漂”。哪些問題解決了?哪些問題還沒有解決?又遇到什麽新問題不能解決?教師要安排時間讓學生質疑,這一點太重要了,就像“漂流”了一段江水後必須總結,為以後的繼續“漂流”積累經驗。教師必須以其淵博的知識,嫻熟的手法充分調動學生自己解決問題的積極性,與學生聯手創造教學美。

 

當然教師總得放手讓學生自己“漂”,以檢測學生閱讀的效果。這就是學完一篇課文後的測試,以檢測教學效果(不一定就是考試,也可以運用課堂質疑的方式)。測試的導向是促使學生一手抓基礎知識,一手抓書寫、拚音、詞語、標點等等,重在活用。雖然這些都是小學語文教學中的環節,在中學階段仍然不能放鬆。因為小學積累的基礎知識僅相當於在“漂流”前到“三江源頭”去看了一看“涓涓細流”,還不具備漂越“虎跳峽”、衝過黃河“壺口瀑布”的能力,還不能活用。所以兩手都要抓,兩手都要硬。

 

至於段落分析不是不要,它的作用不僅在於理解段落本身,更重要的是用來驗證整體閱讀感覺是否正確,就像“漂流”過一段江水後回過頭來望一望,回味一下“漂流”的感覺如何。

 

語文教學不外是提高學生的閱讀能力——口頭表達能力和寫作能力(後麵另有論述)。整體感知閱讀對於口頭能力的表達有極大的幫助,但是這隻是一個量的積累,要把語言重新變成紙上文字這是一個質的飛躍,必須加強訓練。愛寫作的人都有這樣的感受:口上說得頭頭是道的話,再寫到紙上時總覺得表達不清,甚至自相矛盾。話說完就消失了,寫在紙上的文章是要給別人看的,寫作在語文教學中太重要了,這是語文教學的最根本的目的。因此每學完一課或一個單元,必須寫一個類似的作文,作為“漂流”的指導者的教師,同樣要寫一篇“下水 ”作文— —範文,不然,你隻講不寫,以講代寫,你“隻在岸上走,漂流不濕鞋”,學生就可能“將”你“軍”:“教練你看這水急浪湧,到底該怎樣漂?你先漂一段給我們看一看吧。”因此語文教學始終是一個教師與學生共同參與,並且以學生為中心的過程,就像“漂流”指揮始終與漂流隊員在一起,並且以漂流隊員為中心一樣。

 

 

 

 

 

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