1.機油
http://www.nordicgroup.us/oil.htm#The%203000%20Mile%20Myth
多種機油綜合評分:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjT3B9r2z3fXlvbP3tb9e056Q8O5krrCW 注意若按磨損度,Amsoil和Mobil 1名列前茅。
油的閃點Flash point是液體上的蒸氣在暴露於點火源時將點燃的溫度。油的傾點溫度Pour point是能從燒杯中倒出的最低溫度,低於該溫度液體將失去其流動性。流體的粘度Viscosity是在給定速率下其抗變形能力的量度。對於液體它對應於非正式的“稠度”概念,例如糖漿的粘度高於水。由下表https://www.mobil.com/en-US/Passenger-Vehicle-Lube/pds/GL-XX-Mobil-1-Extended-Performance-High-Mileage見,低溫時的粘度差別較大,高溫時都偏稀,閃點都偏低 - 活塞環溫度多在400F(204C)以上有時可達500F(260C)。對於普通Mobil 1合成油,5W20與5W30的低溫粘度也是不同的, 10W30的100C/40C粘度是10.1/63.2比High Mile的5W30還要低或等價於其5W25。而對於Havoline ProDS合成油,10W30的高溫揮發最小其次是5W20。
機油5W30前後兩數字分別是32F(0 °C)和212F(100 °C)下的SAE粘度Viscosity,數字越大越粘越稠流得越慢。要求低溫不超過某值(不能太稠),高溫不低於某值(不能太稀)。因此,0W比5W更適合寒冷天氣,5W20比5W30在100C時更稀,因配方的緣故5W比10W的蒸發更多。加州有人建議老車夏天用15W40冬天用10W30,因為10W在加州不會比5W在紐約稠。矽穀夏天可達43C,xW40也比xW30好。下圖粗略僅供參考,因車型而異。
上抽法換機油,見真空泵一節:http://blog.wenxuecity.com/myblog/36867/201310/23123.html
2.Filter
更新:https://www.tacomaworld.com/threads/toyota-oil-filter-made-in-thailand-vs-the-competition.123608/ 以前我建議過Pennzoil ultra或Valvoline synpower。
GS300螺紋UNF-2B 3/4-16,油濾優劣排名:90915-YZZD3、Bosch D3330、Napa Gold 1516、Mobil 1 M1-209、YZZD1;
08 ODYSSEY,螺紋M20x1.5: MP7317(20K)/ST7317(10K)均可,兩者差別隻在泄壓閥墊是矽膠/橡膠,Champ代工。Honda的是Fram代工端麵是紙。
oil filter 的原理貼: http://www.synlube.com/oilfilters.htm
==
據網友稱,如果半年或7K一換的,可以用Bosch premium,Purolator PureOne;如果加倍的可以用Bosch distance plus。
http://www.bobistheoilguy.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=2367134&page=all
http://www.bobistheoilguy.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=2548822&page=3
Cellulose filters:
Honeywell/Subaru 152208AA12A = 473.7cm2
Wix/Napa Gold 57712/7712 = 303.4cm2
Fram Extra Guard PH6607 = 375.01cm2
Fram Tough Guard = 459.26cm2
Purolator L14612/PL14612 = 583.13cm2
Bosch 3300 = 583.13cm2
Synthetic filters:
PureOne PL20195
Fram Extended Guard XG6607 = 323.14cm2(Dual layer cellulose and Synthetic)
Mobil1 M-108 = 404.04cm2
Royal Purple 10-2876 = 248.64cm2
K&N HP-1008 = 364.08cm2
Napa Platinum 41365 = 343.14cm2
Bosch D3300 Specs:
OD: 68.32mm
Length: 74.42mm
Thread: M20x1.5, Roll-formed
Spring type: Stamped leaf
Bypass Valve: 14-18 PSID, Integrated in the end cap on the dome end
Anti Drain Back Valve: Yes, Silicone
Media type: Paper and synthetic blend
Media Surface area: 583.13cm2
Beta Ratio: Unknown
Flow Rate: Unknown
Gasket style: Square ring
Oil inlet hole/s area: Eight 4.5mm holes. 127.24mm2.
End caps: Metal
Can side thickness: .355mm
Purolator PSL14612 Specs:
OD: 68.32mm
Length: 74.42mm
Thread: M20x1.5, Roll-formed
Spring type: Stamped leaf
Bypass Valve: 14-18 PSID, Integrated in the end cap on the dome end
Anti Drain Back Valve: Yes, Silicone
Media type: Synthetic
Media Surface area: 519.48cm2
Beta Ratio: 100@25 (99.0% @ 25 microns)
Flow Rate: Unknown
Gasket style: Square ring
Oil inlet hole/s area: Eight 4.5mm holes. 127.24mm2.
End caps: Metal
Can side thickness: .355mm
http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/auto/376315.html
汽油 http://www.iask.ca/info/car/2013/0107/175682.html
機油 http://m.pcauto.com.cn/bbs/topic-2207839.html
機油濾清器 http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/auto/376315.html
http://www.bestcovery.com/best-oil-filter
實際耗油: http://www.fuelly.com/car/
3. Oil pressure gauge
Oil pressure sensor YG2221G原解放牌卡車用,雙金屬片滑線式,由波紋膜片和滑線電位器組成。管路油壓或氣壓發生變化時,波紋膜片產生位移,帶動電位器上的觸點滑動,改變其電阻值。常見山寨的有的1年多就壞了:https://www.taobao.com/list/item/16906604967.htm Wk是告警輸出<14.2psi或大於>150,G是模擬輸出。無告警接頭的話另一線需接地。
注意日車如GS300 Oil pressure sensor switch是BSPT 1/8螺紋,中日都有用該英國標準,差別是倒角55度28tpi而NPT是60度27tpi,公頭可能旋入對方母頭但須加密封膠。Ali和Ebay都有adapter:https://www.ebay.com/itm/293164383979 我用Harbor的表,其BSPT裝不上GS300。這個應當好些:https://www.toyotanation.com/threads/adding-oil-pressure-gauge-to-03-1zz-fe.1729913/#post-14730966
下圖座是YG2221G分壓電壓與PSI的Excel擬合曲線,曲線看似很好,公式完全不對。Excel給出的公式全是垃圾。原表阻值167是我擬合得出的,其它值是廠家的。
Universal:https://www.aliexpress.us/item/2251832770559551.html DIY用https://www.aliexpress.us/item/3256802494700294.html 最好,加可調告警及告警輸出,這樣隻需加1/8 BSPT-NPT轉接即可,接線見上圖右。供電5V,滿度輸出為0.5-4.5V,對於100psi的公式為psi=25(V-0.5)。ATtiny85有10bit A/D和6個I/O腳,接I2C顯示:https://www.gadgetronicx.com/attiny85-adc-tutorial-interrupts/#:
4. Fuel pressure test
Odyssey: Fuel pressure testing for modern Honda | Honda Odyssey Forum (odyclub.com)
GS300: Fuel Pressure Test: I Am Looking for the Schrader Valve on My 1999... (2carpros.com)
假設uP內上拉50K,用單線8bit ADC接三個電阻均15K,兩按鍵S1、S0,同時按下為S2,5V供電,則有:
if v<=128 key=s0 elif v<=164 key=s2 elif v<=220 key=s1 else key=0;