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通常情況下,英語中的常規定語不外乎下列幾種:
1. 形容詞作定語:She is a beautiful girl .
2. 副詞作定語:I live in the room above .
3. 介詞短語作定語:the guy in the office is drinking coffee .
4. 不定式作定語:The author to write this book is famous .
5. 從句作定語:The writer who is going to write this book is famous .
我想側重介紹一種我稱為“非常規定語/表語”的語言現象。它的特點是鮮活靈動不拘一格,讓句子充滿現代感和俏皮感。學會用這種句式寫作,可以幫助寫作者構建自己別豎一幟的語言風格,形成自己獨特的修辭手段。
這種“非常規定語”有幾種不同的表現形式:
1. 利用“連字符號”(hyphen)把一個短語或甚至一個完整句子串聯在一起,置於被修飾詞之前,其功能等同於一個形容詞,起到定語的作用:
I neared the rural street that we’d walked down from his parents’ house In the small might-as-well-be-Mexico town in Southern California.
But since I came from the Children-should-be-seen-and-not-heard era, I kept my questions to myself.
She squealed in her best I’ll-say-anything-to-make-a-sale voice.
2. 利用雙引號將一個完整句子括起來放置於被修飾詞之前,同樣起到定語的作用:
But even as a kid I had trouble with the whole “God created the world in six days” thing.
“非常規表語”通常用在帶有副詞so 之後的句子,也是使用雙引號括住一個完整句子,相當於一個形容詞:
I hate the word “forever”. It was so “and then you’re dead.”
還可以不限於一個句子,甚至可以是一個小段落:
Dating is so----queer. So “Oh man, all the good ones are married or gay. Am I right, girls? High Five!”
與單純的副詞+形容詞結構相比,這種“非常規表語”由於其擬人化的對話感而頓時讓整個句子聲情並茂躍然紙上。
當然,既然是“非常規”的語言現象,在使用時不可隨意濫用,隻宜起畫龍點睛的功效。至於何時何地如何使用才算恰當,這個問題也問得太“你問我,我問誰” 了!