翻譯是個很難的事,有很多東西英文裏有,中文裏可能根本就沒有這個概念,反之亦然。但是,翻譯中也有一些時刻,你會發現,英文中某個說法跟中文裏的一個說法幾乎就是一模一樣,反之亦然。而且這種情況,很有可能就發生在你以為不可能的環境裏,中文的說法是如此的“土”,英文哪去找對應呢?
比如中文裏“難伺候”這個說法,很中國吧?但是英文裏有“high maintenance”短語,它的意思,不多不少,就是難伺候,maintenance就是維護,保養,high,說維護費用很高,而這個短語,就是形容某些人很難擺平---難伺候。而且這兩個中英文短語,是在互不知情的情況下發展的,卻能在意思上如此貼切,真的是天意。
另外還有一些說法,可能其中文本來就是從英文來的,所以互相對應不稀奇,比如“母語”一詞,很可能就是從英文的“mother tongue”來的。看過寫《喜福會》的譚恩美寫過一篇文章,題目就是“Mother Tongue”,她用的是雙關語,講她母親在一個非母語國家是如何跟人交流的,所以這裏“mother tongue”即指母語,也是說她母親說的話。如果把這個題目翻譯成中文,就可以用“母語”,英文裏的雙重意思都表達出來了,這種情況,也是絕了。
從難伺候,想到還有一個英文詞叫handful,很簡單的詞,就是一手抓的量,作形容詞,但是它有還一個有點意思的意思,就是作名詞,意思是,很難對付或控製的人,說孩子時,翻譯成“調皮”似乎還算可以,調皮,用其它英文詞很難翻譯--也許還沒遇到。
20180115補:網友給出一些解釋,與我的理解不完全一致,促使我上網查了一下
一,網上的Collins DIctionary字典就短語“High maintenance”給出兩個基本定義,第一是指儀器,用的是其本義,不在本文討論範圍。第二原文如下
2. (informal)(of a person) requiring a high level of care and attention; demanding
(非正式用法),(指人)需要很多注意和照顧;要求很高,很難滿意。
Collins字典還說,這個短語用的不多,在常用語中排在最低的50%之內。還給出一條曲線,類似股票價格走向圖,給出有記錄的該短語使用實例數量隨年份的變化曲線,20世紀初,很少,到70年代開始多了一些,進入21世紀,比較多起來(當然,仍然在50%之下)。
二,在Google裏搜high maintenance,第一條是dictionary裏的定義:
high-maintenance:(adjective) needing a lot of work to keep in good condition.這條也多指儀器,略去。
(informal) (of a person or relationship) demanding a lot of attention.跟Collins字典基本一樣,
"Caitlin is our only child and she's very high-maintenance"例句:凱特琳是我們的獨女,她很high maintenance。
synonyms: demanding, challenging, exacting, difficult, hard to please, needy同義詞:demanding,challenging,exacting,difficult,hard to please,needy
"Ernie's high-maintenance girlfriend" 娥妮是個high maintenance的女朋友。
三,Merriam-Webster網上字典裏high maintenance的解釋,略去關於儀器部分,
of a person : tending to cause problems or demand attention : extremely sensitive, demanding, or temperamental。然後給了一個例句
Matthäus is the greatest German sweeper since Beckenbauer, but he's high-maintenance. At various times in his career, he has accused a ref of taking bribes, scrapped with a teammate and, three years ago, ripped his universally beloved German teammate Jürgen Klinsmann in a tell-all book. —Jeff Bradley
看完了才反應過來,居然是談德國足球運動員的。這是一個實際運用中的例句,Jeff Bradley(不知道是什麽人)談Matthaus,說他是自貝肯鮑爾(原來德國足球皇帝的英文拚法是Beckenbauer)德國最棒的清道夫(原來真的是“清道夫”sweeper直譯過來,一直懷疑),但是他難伺候(high maintenance),指責裁判受賄,跟隊友打架,在書中攻擊普遍受歡迎的隊友克林斯曼。
四,Urban Dictionary的網頁上關於high maintenance的解釋比較有意思,
1.Requiring a lot of attention. When describing a person, high-maintenance usually means that the individual is emotionally needy or prone to over-dramatizing a situation to gain attention,基本定義是“需要別人注意他(它,她)”,描述人的時候,high-maintenance通常指此人感情上需要關注,或者易於過分對事情戲劇化以吸引注意力。
2.A person who has expensive taste (re. clothing, restaurants, etc.). This person is never comfortable because he/she is constantly concerned about his/her appearance. This person feels they are better than most people and usually judge others based on outward appearances.品味很昂貴(衣服,飯店等)的人;此人總是不滿意,因為她(他)總是注意自己的外表;此人認為自己比大多數人都要好,通常以外表取人。
例句: Anne was a high maintenance employee, with her nearly daily requests for time-off or time-shifting.安妮在單位裏是個難伺候的人,幾乎每天都要請假或換班。
3.A best friend you don't want.這個定義比較幽默。
另外,Urban Dictionary網頁給出了high maintenance的一些特征:
-Having frequent professional cosmetic consultations, such as hair-dressing, manicures and pedicures 經常找專業美容方麵顧問,比如發型,手指甲和腳指甲
-Excessive worthless spending (tricking) 過分的沒價值的花銷
-Attention craving
-Being too delicate or suavé
NOTE: high-maintenance is primarily used to refer to attractive straight women or a person/people that's stuck on self.注:high-maintenance主要用來指有魅力的異性戀女人或者任何人,這類人太自我。
所以,綜合來看,high maintenance這個短語,指人時主要是說此人需要別人的注意乃至於使用戲劇化手法來吸引別人的注意力,很在乎自己的外表,難以取悅、滿足,脾氣大,問題多。雖然定義中沒有特指,但是例句中往往說的是女人。
題外話:本博文讀者留言中兩次出現difficult(hard)to be pleased,而上麵的定義中出現的形式是hard to please,我的感覺是,北美的傾向是被動語態比較少用,那怕是我們看來百分百的被動情況,當然,這裏hard to be pleased絕對正確,但是hard to please也對,角度不同,我們可以說,he is hard to be pleased,也可以說,he is hard (for you)to please (him)。
下麵是一個老外的英語論壇(Wordreference)上關於high maintenance的討論的一些內容,該論壇參與者很多母語不是英語,回答的人母語應該都是英語:
問:From the sitcom Friends: Phoebe acuses Monica of being a high maintenance (I'm not sure of the word) meaning something bad. Well I know the translation in Portuguese , it would be "casca grossa" according to the subtitles. I'd like to know the usage of the expression , if it really has the meaning they gave to it: something like a very rude, rough person.
說電視連續劇《老友記》(Friends)裏Phoebe指Monica是high maintenance,問是不是說她很無禮,粗魯?
回答:It means she is demanding and difficult, not rude or rough by definition, and usually just the opposite.答:不一定無禮粗魯,可能正相反,但是很demanding and difficult
另一條回答:High maintenance is used to describe a person, sometimes male, but more often female, who requires lots of attention. That's requires not as in needs, but meaning that she/he puts a requirement on others to pay her/him a lot of attention.Before the expression became common, we might have simply said that "XXXXX demands constant attention".
回答:high maintenance指一個人,有時男的,但是多指女的,需要吸引別人的注意,意思是這種人就是希望別人注意她(他),到不是真有什麽事需要別人幫忙。
另一條回答:The expression was either coined or popularized by the film 'When Harry Met Sally'. Harry gives an explanation of what it means, something along the lines of 'wanting to be treated like a princess', as GenJen54 says, although I can't remember exactly. Sally is the worst kind: she's hight maintenance, but she thinks she's low-maintenance.
回答說這個短語是電影When Harry Met Sally裏編出來的或者是因該電影而流行起來的(應該是後者,Collins字典裏說,這個短語很早就出現了),Harry在電影中解釋說,想被別人當作公主來對待。
另一條回答:the term "high-maintenance" is showing up with reference to casual encounters with women, not just full-blown "relationships"-- unless the liaison in question can be called "backdoor" or "on the side."說這個短語出現在與女人的關係中,不是正式的關係(full-blown),是比較隨意的關係。
另一條回答:In these cases the high "cost" of maintenance is often merely literal-- money, jewelry, the "buck for the bang" quotient (to retool a phrase).說這個短語涉及錢,珠寶等
另一條回答:There also seems to be an implication that a person of high maintenance wants others to provide it (whether emotional or financial support) for them! However, that is not always the case.暗示,這種人希望別人來提供感情上或者金融方麵的維護。
最後,想提一下maintenance一詞的發音,這個詞當然來自maintain,是其名詞,maintain比較容易發音,但是maintenance一詞的發音與maintain很不一樣,除了第一個音節一樣以外,而且其中的“te”並不構成一個音節,類似於partner中的“t”一樣,幾乎不發音,同樣的詞還有不少,比如detonator一詞的第一個“ton”也是,隻發很弱的“t”音,而不是“ton”。
您的ancestry免費帳號還能用嗎?如果可以,能幫我查幾個人嗎?
1.康有為,康同璧,康有為英文不知道怎麽拚寫,可能是Kang Yo(或者Yu,you) Wei 康同璧有張老照片,上麵是Kang Tung Pih。
2.梁啟超,可能是Liang Chi Chao (Cho)
3.孔祥熙,他1901年到美國,但是Familysearch和NARA上都查不到1901年的
謝謝!
very difficult to be pleased/satisfied person. 不過,您盡管堅持哈,我沒有意見了。
翻譯成一根筋,也非常好。高手在網友中啊!
另外,剛剛學到一個表達“one-track mind",專注做一件事,是不是中文裏的“一根筋”?