（翻譯）方誌彤簡介

方誌彤（Achilles Chih T'ung Fang, 本名金淳謨）名氣不大，但是水平絕對不是一般的高，錢鍾書是他的同學朋友，人們一般隻知錢而不知有方，方的中文水平不比錢低，而他的外文水平，隻會比錢高，原因很簡單，錢絕大多數時間是在國內，沒有外語環境，寫作也都以中文進行，而方則在中國時就參加英文刊物的編輯工作，後大半生更是在美國度過，而且是在哈佛大學，英文學術環境。

本文是1997年《華裔學誌》（Monumenta Serica）紀念方誌彤特刊中海陶瑋教授撰寫的的訃告（方先生逝於1995年），裏麵介紹了方先生的生平。海陶瑋是美國漢學家 James Robert Hightower，他本人就是方先生的學生。 下麵是我自己的翻譯，比較粗糙，但是大意應該還是翻出來了。請網友指正（英文原文附後）。

方誌彤生平*
海陶瑋（James Robert Hightower）
方誌彤於1910年生於朝鮮的一個華裔家庭，入學前，他就在私塾中接受中國傳統教育。在日本占領下的朝鮮，學校以日語為教學用語。這一時期裏方學到的日語在他日後的學術研究中起到了作用，但是他拒絕說日語。他在一位傳教士幫助下離開朝鮮到了上海，17歲畢業於上海的美國浸禮會學院（American Baptist College）。接著他來到北京上國立清華大學，主修哲學和經典研究。1932年畢業後，他繼續在清華讀研究生，兩年後，他在南寧的廣西醫學院（1）當教師，教授德語和拉丁語。在那裏他與Irene Pan結婚，1937年，他們帶著剛出生不久的兒子回到北京，住在他的嶽父家，他的妻子於1938年去世。
他在專業外文刊物華裔學誌（Monumenta Serica）找到工作，擔任主編尤金費費爾（Eugen Feifel）的助理。他的工作涉及審核送交給該刊物的稿件的翻譯。稿件中的不準確之處，不符合邏輯之處，和不一致之處都逃不過的他的眼睛。對這些缺陷他都毫不留情地加以修改，投稿人對此難免會有怨言。
他自己在該刊的投稿則並不很多，主要是簡短的通知和評論，最有價值的是一個固定的欄目，“評論的評論”， 是對在歐洲語言和日本語刊物上發表的重要的漢學文章的簡介。尤其是，這些評論使得西方漢學家們注意到了主要的日本漢學研究刊物，這些刊物當時並不提供所發表文章的英文簡介。
在編輯工作之外，方誌彤在輔仁大學和德國學院（wikipedia的中文介紹說是“中德學會”）教德語，也為該學院發行的一份雙語期刊，《研究與進步》，作翻譯和評論的投稿。該學院還出版了他的德語教材《德文津梁》。
他的唯一嗜好（除了煙草和廉價酒）是他對書的衷愛，上述幾項職位給他這一愛好提供了不多的資金。他買的都是舊書，一卷一卷的收集，直到他基本上收全整套《四部叢刊》，以及二十四史，還有數不清的參考書。
他常去逛北京的書店，更不會拉下新年的順直門（Shun-chih-men,也稱順治門，即宣武門，今無存。）集市上幾裏長的書攤，在一箱箱的書裏翻閱，時不時能撿個漏。他會在冰冷的天氣裏慢慢地逛著，掃視著一冊冊書脊，彎腰抽出一本他缺的書。這活需要眼尖，記憶力好且反應快，才能有驚喜的回報。他的朋友們也從他的技巧中獲益，他會偶爾買些朋友們需要的書，或者是他們應當需要的書。
通過他在德國學院的工作，在北京的德國漢學家們都知道方誌彤，作為一名令人敬畏的漢學家，他的名聲也在北京的美國學者中傳開了。其中某些人來找他尋求幫助和指導，他都很慷慨地滿足他們的要求，且從不收費，哪怕他為此花了很多時間。當他的美國朋友在太平洋戰爭期間被關押起來的時候，方先生把業餘時間用於對《資治通鑒》中關於三國時期的十章進行校注翻譯，把司馬光所引用的現存出處全部考證出來，其成果隨後結集出版成兩卷本的《三國紀年》（the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms）。他本來打算翻譯所有294章，但是這種強加的隔離狀態再也沒出現，他也就轉而從事其它不如此裏程碑式的工作去了。
1947年，戰爭已經結束，他接受了哈佛大學一個中英詞典項目的職位，帶著他11歲的兒子維民（Wei-ming）來到美國。編一部這樣的詞典，對方誌彤來說，完全沒有專業上的問題，隻是他的性格有點不適應。為了減輕工作的枯燥，他在他編撰的條目裏加上了文學色彩，恰到好處地引用《芬尼根守靈夜》裏的語句。例如，“到處擁有孩子”引入象形字“子”的多產【這一段沒看懂，翻譯肯定不到位】。這一段後來發表在一卷樣書中，但是沒有包括這個讓人眼前一亮的詞條。為了減輕編寫詞典的厭倦，他注冊了比較文學的研究生，課題包括英德中三國文學。他的一篇研討課論文是討論芬尼根守靈夜中的中國元素。作為一名在職研究生，他化了好幾年時間才於1958年完成研究龐德的《比薩詩章》的學位論文.他找到了詩中所有用典的出處。這項課題對他這樣在多語種領域內博覽群書且目光如炬的人，真是量身訂作。
舉個簡單例子，第11詩章有一行，„der in Baluba das Gewitter gemacht hat,"，這顯然是在用典，但是來自哪裏？方誌彤在Frobenius所著七卷Erlebte Erdteile中發現了它，作者說的是一位非洲薩滿的行為。1958年，這部865頁的學位論文讓他收獲了博士學位，也從此成為龐德研究者探索的樂園。但是該論文從來沒有正式出版，因為方誌彤不太情願公開記錄龐德作品對用典出處的馬虎習慣，以免讓作者或他妻子難堪，夫妻倆在龐德被拘禁在華盛頓時就認識了方誌彤。他幾次訪問過龐德，並跟龐德有很長的信函來往，他更是龐德認識中國文化的引路人，還是龐德的儒學導師。龐德的詩經翻譯，和儒家經典，都由方誌彤作序介紹。
哈佛-燕京的詞典項目中斷以後，方誌彤當上了遠東語言係的講師，教授古漢語的高級課程並開設了中國文學理論和藝術評論的研討課。1975年，他升為高級講師，這個職稱他一直保持到1977年的退休，至此他在哈佛渡過了30年的時光。
書籍是他的一生鍾愛。他視兩位清朝藏書家為知己者，翻譯了他們講書籍收藏的很有魅力的專著，一本是《藏書十約》（2），一本是《藏書記要》（3）。來美國後，他又開始收集西方圖書，不久之後就在波士頓古董商之間有了名聲，就象當年他在北京琉璃廠一樣。他的興趣廣泛，拉丁和希臘文學（兩整套Loeb的經典集，多年來一本一本收齊的，都是舊書乃至有破損的。），一整套拉丁文的聖經時代經典集，古今哲學和文學書籍。對他感興趣的作者，他是照單全收：喬治聖茲伯裏（George Saintsbury）的所有作品，弗吉尼亞伍爾芙所有作品的第一版， 龐德和喬伊斯所著和關於他們的所有出版的書籍，他在辦公室裏搭起了一排排的書架，家裏的大部分房間裏也是一樣，等到他退休後把辦公室裏的書在一年裏一次一袋書地搬回家了以後，家裏的地板幾乎要癱塌。去世前，他在遺囑中把藏書全捐贈給了北京大學圖書館，之前他已經把沒地方放置的5000卷運過去了。
方誌彤天生的教師材料，他知識淵博，且毫無保留地分享給他的學生，朋友和同事。與蘇格拉底式的教師不同，他堅持原則，很少誇人，到是很象他所敬仰的孔夫子。能被他吸引的學者欣賞的是大師級的指導，同時又不畏懼他嚴厲的批評。他退休以後，甚至在他最後生病期間，這些人依然來尋求他的幫助。實際上，他去世前一天還跟一名學生談了一小時。之前三個月，他的癌症被診斷為已經無法手術了，他拒絕了治療，逝於家中，享年85歲，最後他的身體隻剩下一個薄弱的空殼，但是他的記憶力和智力還絲毫無損。一個講求品德的儒家，如此有尊嚴地臨終，可謂死得其所。
他與馬儀思（Ilse Martin）相識於北京，並於1948年結婚，兩人育有兩個孩子，伯納德維音（Bernard Wei-yin，音譯，下同）和蔓德琳維仙（Madeleine Wei-hsien），在他最後患病期間，兩人都在身邊照料。他被葬在奧本山公墓（Mt.Auburn Cemetary)，按他要求，葬禮沒有舉行任何宗教儀式。
約翰紹爾特（John Solt）的一首詩，題獻給方誌彤。這首詩，捕捉到了一個行走於辦公室和家之間的孤獨行者的超脫和骨子裏的尊嚴，他被植入兩個外族文化中，卻能遊逸其中如魚得水，該詩的日期是1984年：
the old Chinese sage
 lit pipe and white hair 
makes his way with crooked cane 
he has seen himself as not here 
so long he has returned 
eyes washed with ocean glimmer 
bird on branch sways 
the past distant 
he climbs hill with 
carved forest in hand 
gliding on centuries 
of fallen leaves 
（詩比較難翻，先放原文的吧）

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*編者注：方誌彤從華裔學誌第5卷（1940）至第11卷（1946）擔任編輯秘書，本刊重組後擔任助理編輯，一直到1949年圖書館和編輯部不得不離開中國大陸。在這些年裏，方誌彤對華裔學誌雜誌做出很大貢獻，華裔學誌的編輯們感到有必要紀念這位傑出的共事者。感謝馬儀思（Ilse Martin Fang）博士的慷慨，我們能夠推出下列紀念方誌彤的文章。編輯們非常感謝方夫人為此訃告收集材料，尤其是方誌彤的作品目錄。我們也要感謝海陶瑋教授允許我們發表他寫的訃告。同時我們感謝約翰索爾特教授允許重新刊登他的詩作《中國老聖人》。馬儀思博士允許我們在訃告後附上一篇方誌彤從未發表的評論，這篇評論突出展示了方誌彤的博學和學術的精益求精，我們以此來紀念這位非凡的學者。 
羅曼馬勒克（Roman Malek）

譯注：

（1），原文這裏是Kuanghsi Medical College in Nanking，Kuanghsi應該是廣西，而Nanking是南京，在江蘇，應該是南寧（Nanning）之誤。

（2）葉德輝著

（3）孫從添著

 

下麵附上英文原文，以供網友對比，敬請指正

OBITUARY Monumenta Serica 45 (1997): 399-413 
ACHILLES FANG: IN MEMORIAM * James Robert Hightower 
Achilles Chih-t'ung Fang (方誌彤） was born in 1910 in Korea of a family with Chinese antecedents and he received at home an early education in the Chinese Classics before entering school. In those days of the Japanese occupation of Korea, instruction was in Japanese, a language he acquired then and made use of in his later scholarly work but subsequently refused to speak. He was able to leave Korea with the help of a missionary and went to Shanghai, where he graduated from the American Baptist College at the age of seventeen. He then went to Pe- king to attend National Tsinghua University, majoring in philosophy and classical studies. After graduating in 1932, he continued at Tsinghua for two years of graduate studies before getting a job as instructor in German and Latin at the Kuanghsi Medical College in Nanking. While there he married Irene Pan, and in 1937 they returned to Peking with their infant son to live in the home of his in- laws. His wife died in 1938. 
He found employment as assistant to Fr. Eugen Feifel, S.V.D., managing editor of Monumenta Serica. His work involved checking the translations in the manuscripts submitted to the journal. He had a sharp eye for inaccuracies, non sequiturs, and inconsistencies, which he would correct ruthlessly, not always thereby earning the gratitude of would-be contributors.
His own contributions to the journal were less extensive, consisting of brief notices and reviews and, most useful, a regular section of "Review of Reviews," summaries of important sinological articles in European and Japanese language journals. In particular, these reviews called the attention of Western sinologists to the major Japanese sinological journals, which at that time did not regularly provide English summaries for the articles they published.
Besides his editorial duties on Monumenta Serica, Achilles was teaching German at Fu-Jen University and the Deutschland-Institut, which published a bilingual periodical, Yen-chiu yü chin-pu 研究與進步 (Forschungen und Fort- schritte), to which he contributed translations and reviews. The Institut also pub- lished his Chinese version of the German language textbook Gesprochenes Deutsch （德文津梁）. 
His earnings from these several activities provided a meager fund for the only indulgence he permitted himself (besides tobacco and cheap wine), his passion for books. He bought them secondhand, filling out sets a volume at a time, until he had acquired practically the whole of the Ssu-pu ts'ung-k'an 四部叢刊 as well as most of the Standard Histories, and numerous works of reference.
He frequented the Peking bookstores and never missed the New Year's market outside Shun-chih-men, where a mile-long display of books packed in boxes concealed an occasional underpriced treasure. He would walk along slowly in the frigid winter air, scanning the backs of thin volumes and reaching down to pluck the one title missing from his own collection. It was a feat that combined acute vision, a capacious memory and instant recall that was rewarded with serendipity. His friends benefited from his skill, for he would also pick up an occasional title he knew they wanted - or should want if they knew enough. 
Known to the German sinologists in Peking through his work at the Deutschland-Institut, Achilles' reputation as a formidable scholar of Chinese spread among the American students in Peking. Some of them came to him for advice and help which he generously provided, always refusing remuneration for the time it cost him. When his American friends were interned during the Pacific War, Achilles spent his free time making his elaborately annotated translation of the ten San-Kuo chapters of the Tzu-chih T’ung-chien （資治通鑒）, identifying every source still extant used by Ssu-ma Kuang and translating all parallel passages, a work subsequently published in two volumes as The Chronicle of the Three King- doms. Initially he planned to translate the whole 294 chapters, but conditions of enforced isolation never recurred, and he turned to other, less monumental undertakings.
In 1947, after the end of the war, he accepted an offer from Harvard to work on the Chinese-English dictionary project in Cambridge and emigrated to the United States with his eleven year old son, Wei-ming. Achilles was well qualified for the dictionary work in every way but temperamentally, and to relieve the tedium of the job he resorted to adding a literary dimension to the entries he compiled, using apt quotations from Finnegan' s Wake. "Haveth Childers Everywhere," for example, introduced the multifarious proliferation of the graph tzu 子， later published as a sample fascicle but without the enlivening headings. His boredom with the dictionary was relieved when he enrolled as a degree candidate in Comparative Literature, offering English, German, and Chinese literatures as the required three fields. One of his seminar papers was on the Chinese elements in Finnegan's Wake. It took him several years as a part-time student to complete his dissertation on the Pisan Cantos of Ezra Pound (1958). He tracked down all the allusions in the Cantos, a work admirably suited to his vast reading in many languages and acute detective instincts. One small example: In Canto 11 is the line, „der in Baluba das Gewitter gemacht hat," obviously a quotation, but from what source? Achilles found it in one of the seven volumes of Frobenius' Erlebte Erd- teile, where the author is referring to the activities of an African shaman. The 865 pages of his dissertation, which earned him his Ph.D. in 1958, have been the happy hunting ground for Pound scholars ever since. It was never published, for Achilles was reluctant to document publicly Pound's slovenly way with sources, lest it offend the poet or his wife, with both of whom he had become acquainted during the period of Pound's incarceration in Washington. He visited him several times and carried on a lenghty correspondence, acting as Pound's Chinese informant and guru on matters Confucian. Pound's Shih-ching translation, The Classic Anthology Defined by Confucius (1954), carried Achilles' introduction.
After the Harvard-Yenching dictionary project was discontinued, Achilles became Lecturer in the Department of Far Eastern Languages, teaching advanced courses in classical Chinese and offering seminars on Chinese literary theory and art criticism. He became Senior Lecturer in 1975, a position he held until his retirement in 1977, after thirty years at Harvard.
Books were his lifelong passion. He found sympathetic souls in two Ch'ing dynasty bibliophiles and translated their charming essays on the subject of books collecting under the titles "Bookman's Decalogue" and "Bookman's Manual." After coming to the United States he began to acquire a library of Western books and soon was as well known to Boston antiquarian dealers as he had been in Peking's Liu-li ch'ang. His interests were catholic: Latin and Greek literature (two complete sets of the Loeb Classics, acquired one title at a time over the years, all used or damaged remainders), a complete Patrology in Latin, works on philosophy and literature ancient and modern. He pursued congenial writers relentlessly: everything by George Saintsbury, all of Virginia Woolf in first editions, everything in print by or about Pound and Joyce. He set up rows of stacks in his office, as in most rooms of his house, which was threatened with collapse when he gave up his office on retirement and brought the books home, a shopping bagful at a time over the course of a year. Before his death he willed the collection to Peking University Library, after sending an initial shipment of some 5,000 volumes for which he could find no space.
Achilles was a born teacher, chock-full of information which he was always ready to share with students, friends, and colleagues. Not a Socratic kind of teacher, dogmatic rather, and sparing of praise, rather like his admired Confucius. He attracted student disciples who appreciated a master's guidance and were not deterred by biting criticism. They continued to come to him for help after his retirement and even during his last illness. In fact, the day before he died he spent an hour with a student. His cancer was already inoperable when diagnosed three months earlier. He refused treatment and died at home at the age of eighty- five, his body being a fragile shell but with mind and memory still intact. A suitably dignified end for a stoic Confucian moralist.
He married Ilse Martin, whom he had known in Peking, in 1948. They had two children, Bernard Wei-yin and Madeleine Wei-hsien, all of whom attended him during his last illness. He was buried in Mt. Auburn Cemetery, with no religious service, at his request.
A poem by John Solt, inscribed to Achilles, captures the detachment and the essential dignity of a lonely man transplanted into two alien cultures which he successively made his own, as he trudges from his office back home. It is dated 1984: 
the old Chinese sage 
 lit pipe and white hair 
makes his way with crooked cane  
he has seen himself as not here 
so long he has returned 
eyes washed with ocean glimmer 
bird on branch sways 
the past distant
he climbs hill with 
carved forest in hand 
gliding on centuries 
of fallen leaves

 

* Editor's note: Achilles Fang was editorial secretary of Monumenta Serica from vol. v (1940) to vol. XI (1946), and then - after the reorganisation of the editorial office - associate editor, until the library and the editorial office were compelled to leave China in 1949. The journal Monumenta Serica is very much indebted to Achilles Fang for his editorial work during these years. Thus it goes without saying that the editors of Monumenta Serica feel obliged to commemorate this outstanding collaborator. Thanks to the generosity of Dr Ilse Martin Fang we were able to prepare the following materials in memoriam of Achilles Fang. The editors owe much to Mrs. Fang because of her efforts to collect the materials needed for this obituary, especially the bibliography of Achilles Fang. We also thank Professor James Robert Hightower for his permission to publish the obituary of Achilles Fang. At the same time we would like to thank Professor John Solt for the permission to reprint here the poem "The Old Chinese Sage." With kind permission of Dr Ilse Martin Fang we add to this obituary a hitherto unpublished review by Achilles Fang which conspicuously documents his erudition and scholarly precision. This is done to commemorate this extraordinary scholar. Roman Malek