https://www.npr.org/2008/09/14/94534548/yellowstone-fires-ecological-blessings-in-disguise
...... in an area the size of Yellowstone, roughly once every century, that we have a very large fire event.
These trees produce what scientists call a serotinous pine cone. Resins hold the scales of the cones tightly closed with the seeds inside, and they can remain in the crowns of the trees for 30 to 50 years. Without fire, the seeds would likely never be released.
"What's necessary for those cones to open up and release those seeds is the heat that's generated from a passing fire," Renkin says. "Once the fire burns through those resins that hold them together, the cone scales open up and the seeds fall out."
After the seeds fall to the forest floor, the germination process begins quickly. The heat from the passing fires does not penetrate more than a few centimeters into the earth, which allows the material below ground — nutrients and soils — to give life to the next generation of trees.
...... After the 1988 fires, Renkin and his colleagues dispersed to five sites around the park to figure out how many lodgepole pine seeds were on the ground. They counted between 15,000 and 2 million seeds per acre. A year later, when they went back to see how many of those seeds had germinated, they found 2,000 to 12,000 seedlings per acre on the same sites.
大自然是很奇妙的。沒有大火，種子不需要，落下就存著。大火過後，土地肥沃，種子立即發芽。
玫瑰不剪枝，盡長葉子。（大部分蔬菜水果也是）。一旦出現“生存危機”，繁殖就被喚醒，開花結果。人和動物也一樣。
人定勝天，是錯誤的。中國的中央政府曾經號召全國打麻雀，接下來幾年蟲害肆虐，糧食急劇減產，餓死千萬。
