Not all HOAs will have the way to deduct your check just by checking account number. If they have the merchant account, the auto payment will cost them $s.
You need to make sure that the HOA has the autopayment option. To set up the auto payment sometimes it will take some time.
If they have the auto pay option and let you send the void check, you still need to pay until you notice that the auto pay is started.
For now, you may pay all banlances you own as you calculated, mail the check to HOA together with a letter of explaination which should also contain detail list of what the payment for month by month. Don't wait any more, with the balance keep increasing, the interest will harm you a lot. Then keep contacting them and pay monthly by check.
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If they still ask for the rest, and you don't have time or money to hire a lawyer, pay what they asked.