動名詞:
1.動名詞定義:具有名詞性質,可在句中擔任主語,賓語表語,定語,具有所有格作修飾語。
2.形式:以do為例
doing → being done
having done → having been done
3.用法:
(1)主語:
Saving is easier than doing.
His coming here will be a great help.
It is no use waiting here, he has left.
It is no good smoking.
There is no getting along with him.(簡直無法和他相處)
……以上例句皆必須要背誦!……
(2)表語:His job is keeping the hall clean as possible.
Seeing is believing.
(3)賓語:
a. 動詞賓語:He admitted taking the book.
I do mind your smoking here.
重磅要點,請讀20 遍:下列動詞須跟動名詞作賓語:
admit, appreciate, avoid, complete, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, finish, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, allow, permit...
特注:以allow為例:allow doing sth(動名詞作賓語)。但可以:Allow ***** to do sth(不定式作賓補)。
這類動詞常見如 advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.
b. 作介詞賓語:
He left without saying goodbye to us.
I'm looking forward to meeting you.(to 在這裏是介詞)
(4)定語:
reading room, swimming pool, walking stick
4.動名詞複合結構:由名詞所有格或物主代詞與動名詞構成。
His leaving is a great loss.
Mother dislikes my (me) working late.
John's having seen her did not make her worried.
注:動名詞複合結構多作主語或賓語,作主語是必須是所有格。如上二例,但作賓語時可以用所有格,也可用普通格。(解釋得很拗口,請將例句看透即可!)
5.動名詞時態:
I am thinking of setting a new dictionary.(以後)
He never talked to me about his having been in Paris.(以前)
6.動名詞語態:
He doesn't like being flattered.
I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.
7.動名詞與不定式在用法上的幾點比較:
(1)在 begin,start,continue 等詞後用動名詞或不定式區別不大。
He began writing / to write in 1980.
(2)下列動詞跟不定式或動名詞所表示意義差別很大,注意使用。(用心咀嚼!)
He stopped talking. 停止講話。
He stopped to talk. 停下來開始講話。
Please remember to post the letter. 記住寄走這封信。
I remember posting the letter. 我記得寄出了這封信。
I forgot to lock the door yesterday. 昨天我忘記鎖門了。(未鎖)
I forgot telling him the news. 我忘了我曾告訴過他這個消息。(做過的事情忘記了)