The rise of modern sciences may be traced back to the time of Roger Bacon of Oxford, an outstanding clergy and philosopher. He was born in 1214 and died in 1292. He might be the first to propose to study sciences about surrounding objects necessarily through observations and experiments. He himself had a lot of brilliant discoveries. But Galileo, more than three hundred years after him, was the greatest among the great who, living in Italy, France, German and Britain, enabled the world realize that many important truths can be found through proper observations. Before Galileo, scholars believed that big objects fall faster than small objects, just because Aristotle said so. But, Galileo climbed to the top of the leaning Tower of Pizza and let two rocks of different volume fall to the ground simultaneously, which showed to the friends coming to watch the experiment that Aristotle was wrong. It is the spirit in which Galileo tested and verified our judgments and ideas directly through experiments in nature that leads to all great discoveries in modern sciences.
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