幾十年來，所有 50 個州都要求父母為他們的孩子接種各種疾病疫苗，包括脊髓灰質炎和麻疹，這是他們進入公立學校的先決條件 [1]。盡管幾乎所有州都製定了免疫法規，以免除那些對疫苗有宗教（有時是哲學）反對意見的人的這些要求 [2]，但這些豁免的廣泛使用可能會破壞強製性疫苗接種的許多好處，例如保護“牛群”。免疫力”[3]。由於州政府不太可能徹底取消此類豁免，因此社會必須考慮其他方法來為疫苗接種提供激勵措施並補償因社區失去群體免疫力而導致疾病爆發而遭受損失的人。
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2553651/
For decades, all 50 states have required that parents vaccinate their children against various diseases, including polio and measles, as a prerequisite to enrolling them in public schools [1]. While virtually all states have tailored their immunization statutes to exempt those with religious (and sometimes philosophical) objections to vaccines from these requirements [2], widespread use of these exemptions threatens to undermine many of the benefits of mandatory vaccinations, such as preserving “herd immunity” [3]. Since it is unlikely that state governments will eliminate such exemptions outright, society must consider other methods of providing incentives for vaccination and compensating those who have suffered due to a disease outbreak caused by a community’s loss of herd immunity.
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