題外話：縱觀疫苗的發展史，曾經有一種佐劑引起大量法律訴訟，並使幾家大藥廠幾乎破產，這種佐劑就是Thiomersal (硫柳汞)。由於發現硫柳汞具有抗菌和刺激免疫作用，於1930年將其引入疫苗製作作為佐劑，尤其是給嬰幼兒接種的疫苗。由於50、60、70年代出現區域性汞中毒後引起公眾對汞毒性的注意，有大量的基礎研究證實重金屬包括汞對人體尤其神經係統有害。流行病學調查發現，自閉症的發生明顯上升與含硫柳汞疫苗上市接種有明顯的時間相關性，但被歸結為自閉症診斷水平的提高導致更多的病例被診斷。在2007年6月11日，代表4900自閉症患兒家長的律師在法庭與被告公司和相關部門就7/3/2002發起的訴訟進行辯論，2008年硫柳汞慘敗，最終對受害者進行了賠償，但沒有得出MMR疫苗與自閉症相關的結論（Childhood Vaccines and Autism, Special Courts and Torts）。FDA和CDC在1999年的聲明中聲稱沒有找到確切的Thiomersal對人體有害的證據。但是，由於很多注射疫苗後的自閉症等患者提出訴訟，也由於“要保護人群不受潛在的危害”，2001年夏天Thiomersal從疫苗中去除。從該佐劑問世到受到質疑並從疫苗生產中去除經過了70年時間。Pubmed上有很多汞導致神經係統損傷的文章，這在現在已經達成共識了。
疫苗中的鋁佐劑（Aluminum
in Vaccines-A Neurological Gamble）：
The US licensed vaccines for children that contain
aluminum adjuvants are:
aluminum adjuvants are:
DTaP
Brands:
Daptacel-330micrograms as aluminum potassium sulfate
Tripedia-170micrograms
Infanrix-625micrograms as aluminum hydroxide
DTaP/Hib
Brand:
TriHIBit- 0.170 mg of aluminum
DTaP/HepB/IPV
Brand:
Pediarix-850 mcg as aluminum phosphate
DtaP/Hib/IPV
Brand:
Pentacel-1500micrograms
Tdap
Brands:
Adacel– identical to DTaP but with less formaldehyde and
1.5 mg aluminum phosphate
Boostrix-390micrograms as aluminum hydroxide1.5 mg aluminum phosphate
Td (Decavac)
Td (Massachusetts)
Pneumococcal
Brand:
Prevnar-125 mcg as aluminum phosphate
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Brand:
Gardasil- 225mcg as amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate
Hepatitis A
Brands:
Vaqta– 250 micrograms amorphous aluminum
hydroxyphosphate sulfate
Havrix– 250 micrograms as aluminum hydroxide
Hepatitis A/Hepatitis B
Brand:
Twinrix- 0.45 mg of aluminum in the form of aluminum
hydroxide and aluminum phosphate as adjuvants
Hepatitis B
Brands:
Recombivax- 250micrograms as amorphous aluminum
hydroxyphosphate sulfate
Engerix–B– 250 micrograms as aluminum
hydroxide
HIB/HepB
Brand:
Comvax– 225 micrograms as amorphous aluminum
hydroxyphosphate Sulfate
HIB
Brands:
PedvaxHib– 225micrograms as aluminum hydroxyphosphate
sulfate
sulfate
Anthrax
Brand:
BioThrax- 1.2 mg/ml aluminum, added as aluminum hydroxide
in 0.85% sodium chloride
in 0.85% sodium chloride
FDA推薦用於個體的生物學產品中鋁含量最多不超過1.25mg。然而，嬰幼兒疫苗依據種類和如何給藥不同，很多超出FDA認為的安全限製的最大劑量。
鋁的危害：鋁的危害已經為動物實驗及腎髒衰竭患者所證實，同時與鋁暴露引起的神經退行性病變相關。嬰兒配方奶和靜脈營養液中的鋁與神經性病變和代謝性骨病有關。輕中度的急性 aluminum phosphide 毒性反應包括惡心、焦慮和寒戰、躁動、腹痛、胸悶和興奮。其他症狀還有定向失調、絞痛、記憶力下降、頭痛、學習困難、精神錯亂、燒心感、共濟失調和脹氣。更為嚴重的毒性反應包括心動過速、腹瀉、呼吸衰竭、發紺、意識障礙和/或死亡。高濃度的phosphine能使實驗動物發生抽搐。重度暴露提示可能有腎髒損傷。屍檢病理檢查暴露於phosphine poisoning的動物組織提示有缺氧，並伴有胃腸道、肺、肝髒、腎髒和/或中樞神經係統的局部損傷。
鋁能高度激活T2淋巴細胞免疫係統並用於疫苗製備是由於沒有該佐劑，機體對有些微弱抗原株並不產生免疫反應。鋁能“喚醒”並使抗原表達細胞固定在其激活部位。這些抗原表達細胞能導致問題：樹突狀細胞過長時間表達抗原產生異常抗體；巨噬細胞通過血腦屏障時將含鋁顆粒帶入腦中，鋁具有神經毒性；正如硫柳汞一樣，血腦屏障的通透性改變導致身體裏的其他毒素更容易進入腦組織。疫苗中的Aluminum hydroxide通過皮膚注射部位到達組織後被吸收，進而進入腦組織。
Myelin is a preferential target of aluminum-mediated oxidative damage.
Aluminum-induced oxidative events and its relation to inflammation: a role for the metal in Alzheimer’s disease.
Alum adjuvanticity: unraveling a century old mystery.
Aluminum adjuvant linked to gulf war illness induces motor neuron death in mice.
Nanomolar aluminum induces pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic gene expression in human
brain cells in primary culture.
Aluminum salts in vaccines-US perspective
鋁是很難生物降解的，會在體內積累。Vaccines containing Aluminum are not the only source of aluminum exposure for infants. Aluminum is present in air, food and water so infants are exposed to aluminum in the environment. Breast milk alone can contain approximately 40 µg of aluminum per liter, and infant formulas can contain an average of approximately 225 µg of aluminum per liter. Google鋁與老年癡呆會有很多文章。
Since large quantities of aluminum can cause serious neurologic effects in humans, guidelines were established by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR).
Since large quantities of aluminum can cause serious neurologic effects in humans, guidelines were established by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR).
Aluminum-hydroxide in vaccines causes serious health problems
Its Not Just The Mercury: Aluminum Hydroxide In Vaccines
Aluminum in Childhood Vaccines Is Unsafe: https://www.jpands.org/vol21no4/miller.pdf
鋁佐劑疫苗發明後的一種新疾病：巨噬細胞肌筋膜炎（Macrophagic myofasciitis，MMF) 最初報道於1998年，表現為成年患者出現慢性疲乏和慢性關節疼痛功能失調綜合征，肌肉組織活檢表現刻板炎症性病變（stereotyped inflammatory lesions），具有特征性： (i) 聚集在肌肉膜旁、周邊的炎症浸潤, 主要由於大量聚集的嗜堿性巨噬細胞，PAS染色胞漿陽性。(2) 有T細胞。 (3) 沒有明顯肌纖維損害。之後的研究發現MMF損害是由於對長期存在的、來源於以前疫苗肌肉內注射接種的鋁質肉芽腫的反應。之後的研究發現認知障礙與MMF相關，強調該表現為MMF相關臨床綜合征的神經症狀（Macrophagic myofasciitis leasions assess
long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminum hydroxide in muscle.）。在50個患者中86%接種乙肝疫苗, 19%接種甲肝疫苗，58%接種過破傷風類毒素。接種後3-96個月 (中位 36 個月) 活檢。三角肌活檢有MMF損傷者表現為彌漫性肌痛更為普遍 (P <0.0001)。94%患者有接種疫苗後肌痛發作 (平均11 個月) 。MMF損傷在動物實驗中被證實。作者認為MMF繼發於肌肉注射含有aluminium hydroxide的疫苗, 在疫苗接種後有係統症狀的患者中檢測出長期存在的 aluminium hydroxide和進展的局部免疫反應。至 2014年，同一研究組在法國成人中診斷MMF超過600 例。請注意，這隻是一個研究組在Henri Mondor hospital收集的病例。
long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminum hydroxide in muscle.）。在50個患者中86%接種乙肝疫苗, 19%接種甲肝疫苗，58%接種過破傷風類毒素。接種後3-96個月 (中位 36 個月) 活檢。三角肌活檢有MMF損傷者表現為彌漫性肌痛更為普遍 (P <0.0001)。94%患者有接種疫苗後肌痛發作 (平均11 個月) 。MMF損傷在動物實驗中被證實。作者認為MMF繼發於肌肉注射含有aluminium hydroxide的疫苗, 在疫苗接種後有係統症狀的患者中檢測出長期存在的 aluminium hydroxide和進展的局部免疫反應。至 2014年，同一研究組在法國成人中診斷MMF超過600 例。請注意，這隻是一個研究組在Henri Mondor hospital收集的病例。
美國的研究較少，但也有MMF的診斷（Morin Stain Detects Aluminum-Containing Macrophages in
Macrophagic Myofasciitis and Vaccination Granuloma With High Sensitivity
and Specificity）。經回顧性診斷，從2010到2015年間UTSW 肌肉活檢發現14 例MMF。還有一篇文章有興趣的人可以去讀：HUMAN HEALTH RISK
ASSESSMENT FOR ALUMINIUM, ALUMINIUM OXIDE, AND ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE。
WHO的信息：From an epidemiological perspective, MMF has (with few exceptions) only been observed in France. The disorder was first seen in 1993 and has been recognized with increased frequency since then. Whether this reflects a macrophagic dysfunction of either genetic or acquired origin, or the tail end of a normal distribution describing the kinetics of aluminium clearance and the local tissue response to it in the general population, has not yet been defined. Different biopsy practices were given as a plausible reason to explain why MMF has almost exclusively been observed in France and not elsewhere. It was argued that, in this country, biopsies are performed in the deltoid muscle whereas in many other countries biopsies tend to be performed in other muscles. Manufacturing practices of aluminium-containing vaccines make a local pharmaceutical cause unlikely.
參見：https://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/committee/reports/october_1999/en/
https://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/committee/topics/aluminium/questions/en/
https://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/committee/topics/aluminium/questions/en/
HPV疫苗中的鋁：
Gardasil
contains 225 mcg of aluminum，775mcg total （Mercks's Gardasil Vaccine Not
Proven Safe for Little Girls）:
https://www.nvic.org/nvic-archives/pressrelease/gardasilgirls.aspx
Gardasil 9: 1,500mcg per 3 recommended doses (是Gardasil的2倍）: https://kellybroganmd.com/new-gardasil/
New HPV vaccine with DOUBLE the aluminum – Health Freedom Idaho: https://healthfreedomidaho.org/new-hpv-vaccine-with-double-the-aluminum
目前，法國和印度禁止HPV疫苗（請注意，MMF的研究多在法國），日本曾短期引入HPV疫苗，短期內接到大量民眾關於疲勞、慢性肌肉關節疼痛甚至麻痹的報告而禁用HPV疫苗。
Gardasil和九價疫苗中的鋁佐劑是AAHA無定形磷酸氫鋁佐劑。我在“關於HPV疫苗“（http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/health/822865.html）中提供了大量來自於互聯網的讀者留言，描述了家人接種HPV疫苗後的不良反應，有的十分嚴重，而且是終身的。大多數表現為長期疲勞、慢性關節和肌肉及後背疼痛、抽搐（英國一個家庭和美國一個家庭姐妹兩個都出現）、月經不調、有一例報告疫苗接種後月經長達超過一年。還有的表現麻痹，需要終身坐在輪椅上。PTOS很多見（直立體位心動過速）。少見的有甲狀腺功能低下（低甲）的表現等。我在天涯和豆瓣上有人詢問疫苗接種後半身麻木、月經不調、疲勞和背痛等，還有人診斷為疫苗接種後低甲。
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/dec/31/us-court-pays-6-million-gardasil-victims/
U.S. court pays $6 million to Gardasil victims By Peter Lind - - Wednesday,
December 31, 2014 : 9/1/2010到9/15/2011年間報告的26例新死亡患者及發生抽搐、麻痹、失明、胰腺炎、語言障礙、短期記憶喪失和格林－巴利綜合征繼發於Gardasil疫苗接種者共被賠償$6 million。
https://childrenshealthdefense.org/news/court-hears-gardasil-science-and-moves-forward/
這裏是有關2019年1月庭審記錄，原告Jennifer Robi，24歲的前運動員和學者，16歲接種HPV疫苗後被困在輪椅上，表現持續不受控製的神經/肌肉收縮（抽搐）和PTOS和許多其他症狀的自身免疫疾病。庭審披露，Merck在臨床實驗中沒有使用真正的惰性安慰劑，而是使用了同樣大劑量的AAHA，因此，掩蓋了疫苗產生的副作用（來源於大量佐劑導致的自身免疫損害）。該大劑量的AAHA在動物中能導致自身免疫反應。然而，Merck報告給FDA的“18號議定書”中聲稱研究人員給對照組提供了真正的惰性安慰劑，並且Merck采用了欺詐式的“預防”，在這項臨床試驗中從接種的HPV疫苗中去除了一半的鋁佐劑。AAHS從未接受過政府監督機構或Merck公司的安全測試。
https://file.scirp.org/Html/17-7300444_25840.htm Detection of human papillomavirus L1 gene DNA fragments in postmortem blood and spleen after Gardasil® vaccination—A case report
這裏是有關2019年1月庭審記錄，原告Jennifer Robi，24歲的前運動員和學者，16歲接種HPV疫苗後被困在輪椅上，表現持續不受控製的神經/肌肉收縮（抽搐）和PTOS和許多其他症狀的自身免疫疾病。庭審披露，Merck在臨床實驗中沒有使用真正的惰性安慰劑，而是使用了同樣大劑量的AAHA，因此，掩蓋了疫苗產生的副作用（來源於大量佐劑導致的自身免疫損害）。該大劑量的AAHA在動物中能導致自身免疫反應。然而，Merck報告給FDA的“18號議定書”中聲稱研究人員給對照組提供了真正的惰性安慰劑，並且Merck采用了欺詐式的“預防”，在這項臨床試驗中從接種的HPV疫苗中去除了一半的鋁佐劑。AAHS從未接受過政府監督機構或Merck公司的安全測試。
https://file.scirp.org/Html/17-7300444_25840.htm Detection of human papillomavirus L1 gene DNA fragments in postmortem blood and spleen after Gardasil® vaccination—A case report
https://file.scirp.org/Html/17-7300444_25840.htm：Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 gene DNA possibly bound to particulate aluminum adjuvant in the HPV vaccine Gardasil. 在一位接種一名接種加德西疫苗後死亡的少女的血液中檢測到了 HPV DNA 片段。此外，在來自於澳大利亞、比利時、法國、印度、新西蘭、波蘭、俄羅斯、西班牙和美國接種Gardasil後的樣本中檢測到HPV的基因片段，這些基因片段緊密結合在不溶性的、蛋白酶不能降解的類似於AAHS片段上，其臨床作用及應用AAHS作為疫苗佐劑是否安全有待於研究。
Gardasil致死病例和嚴重副作用報告：
Illinois Teen Dies of ADEM Three Weeks After HPV Vaccination： https://thevaccinereaction.org/2018/09/iowa-teen-dies-of-adem-three-weeks-after-hpv-vaccination/
Gardasil Was Linked to My Daughter’s Death：https://thevaccinereaction.org/2018/09/gardasil-was-linked-to-my-daughters-death/
FEDERAL VACCINE COURT RULES: GARDASIL KILLED CHRISTINA TARSELL：https://www.learntherisk.org/news/christina-tarsell-she-never-lived-to-see-her-22nd-birthday/
Serious adverse events associated with HPV vaccination : 澳大利亞的一份論文報告https://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/HPV_vaccination_safety_report_AHTA_dec17.pdf
Deaths following Gardasil：https://helenlobato.com/2018/12/19/deaths-after-gardasil/
What if I were to tell you that there were 40 deaths in the Gardasil trails. This fact is clearly stated in the Manufacturer Merck’s prescribing information sheet . Of these deaths 21 occurred in the vaccine group and 19 in the aluminium adjuvant group. But you didn’t hear this from the mainstream media, did you?
Colton Berrett Dies After Being Unable To Cope With His Gardasil HPV Vaccine Injuries：https://www.collective-evolution.com/2018/01/08/colten-berrett-dies-from-his-gardasil-hpv-vaccine-injuries-one-of-multiple-deaths-reported/
UK doctors re-examine case for mandatory vaccination：https://www.bmj.com/content/358/bmj.j3414/rr-13
The Gardasil Vaccine—Bad Science, Great Promotion, Dangerous： https://avn.org.au/2018/05/gardasil-vaccine-bad-science-great-promotion-dangerous/
Gardasil: A License to Kill. What Has Changed Since This Report in 2010? ： https://www.ageofautism.com/2016/07/gardasil-a-license-to-kill-what-has-changed-since-this-report-in-2010.html有詳細的比較臨床試驗的結果分析
Gardasil/HPV Dangers： https://www.wisconsinforvaccinechoice.org/gardasil-dangers/
Gardasil致死病例和嚴重副作用報告：
Illinois Teen Dies of ADEM Three Weeks After HPV Vaccination： https://thevaccinereaction.org/2018/09/iowa-teen-dies-of-adem-three-weeks-after-hpv-vaccination/
Gardasil Was Linked to My Daughter’s Death：https://thevaccinereaction.org/2018/09/gardasil-was-linked-to-my-daughters-death/
FEDERAL VACCINE COURT RULES: GARDASIL KILLED CHRISTINA TARSELL：https://www.learntherisk.org/news/christina-tarsell-she-never-lived-to-see-her-22nd-birthday/
Serious adverse events associated with HPV vaccination : 澳大利亞的一份論文報告https://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/HPV_vaccination_safety_report_AHTA_dec17.pdf
Deaths following Gardasil：https://helenlobato.com/2018/12/19/deaths-after-gardasil/
What if I were to tell you that there were 40 deaths in the Gardasil trails. This fact is clearly stated in the Manufacturer Merck’s prescribing information sheet . Of these deaths 21 occurred in the vaccine group and 19 in the aluminium adjuvant group. But you didn’t hear this from the mainstream media, did you?
Colton Berrett Dies After Being Unable To Cope With His Gardasil HPV Vaccine Injuries：https://www.collective-evolution.com/2018/01/08/colten-berrett-dies-from-his-gardasil-hpv-vaccine-injuries-one-of-multiple-deaths-reported/
UK doctors re-examine case for mandatory vaccination：https://www.bmj.com/content/358/bmj.j3414/rr-13
The Gardasil Vaccine—Bad Science, Great Promotion, Dangerous： https://avn.org.au/2018/05/gardasil-vaccine-bad-science-great-promotion-dangerous/
Gardasil: A License to Kill. What Has Changed Since This Report in 2010? ： https://www.ageofautism.com/2016/07/gardasil-a-license-to-kill-what-has-changed-since-this-report-in-2010.html有詳細的比較臨床試驗的結果分析
Gardasil/HPV Dangers： https://www.wisconsinforvaccinechoice.org/gardasil-dangers/
最後，對於有MMF症狀者如果進行肌肉活檢將會明確是否由於疫苗中的鋁導致症狀。隨著人類基因組計劃的進行，大規模測序已經不是問題。如果能測序明確有嚴重不良反應的人群有哪些基因的異常，將會明確禁止接種人群，對疫苗接種有積極的促進作用。
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