Table 2
List of bioactive food components that may influence insulin secretion and diabetes.
CLASS |
BIOACTIVE COMPONENT |
DIETARY SOURCES |
EFFECT OBSERVED |
Flavonoids |
Genistein |
Soybean, soy products |
Insulin secretion ↑ |
Beta-cell proliferation ↑ |
Beta-cell apoptosis ↓ |
Resveratrol |
Grapes, red wine |
Insulin secretion ↔ |
Beta-cell apoptosis ↓ |
Anthocyanins & Anthocyanidins |
Fruit, vegetables |
Insulin secretion ↑ |
Beta-cell apoptosis ↓ |
Quercetin |
Fruit, vegetables |
Insulin secretion ↑ |
Beta-cell apoptosis ↓ |
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) |
Green tea |
Insulin secretion ↑ |
Beta-cell apoptosis ↓ |
Vitamins |
Vitamin D |
Dairy products, fish |
Insulin secretion ↑ |
Beta-cell apoptosis ↔ |
Vitamin A |
Vegetables |
Insulin secretion ↔ |
Vitamin C |
Vegetables, fruits |
Insulin secretion ↑ |
Carotenoids |
Lycopene |
Tomatoes |