Noninvasive cardiac tests include:
- Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
- Ambulatory electrocardiography/even monitoring
- Tilt table testing
- Echocardiogram – standard, contrast, stress, transesophageal, 3D imaging, intracardiac imaging, strain and strain rate imaging for advanced diagnosis
- Coronary calcium scanning
- Computed tomography imaging (CTI) and coronary angiography (CTA)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography (MRA)
- Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
- Positron emission tomography (PET)
- Multi-gated acquisition scan (MUGA)
- Sestamibi exercise stress test
- Thallium exercise stress test
- Thallium pharmacologic stress test
Noninvasive vascular tests include:
- Arterial ultrasound (of carotid, renal, peripheral arteries and the aorta)
- Carotid ultrasound and intima-media thickness (IMT)
- Venous ultrasound of both the upper and lower extremities
- Intra-operative duplex ultrasonography
- Pulse volume recordings of the upper and lower extremities
- Exercise and treadmill testing of both upper and lower extremities
- Venous reflux testing
- Computed tomography angiography (CTA)
- Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
