你每天塗幾次口紅？吸收進多少鉛等重金屬？

來源: 閩姑於 2014-04-10 05:41:19 [檔案] [博客] [舊帖] [給我悄悄話] 本文已被閱讀：次 (4426 bytes)

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去年　　發表的一項研究發現：除了75%的受檢口紅和潤唇膏含鉛外，各款口紅/潤唇膏還含鋁、鎘、鉻、錳等八種重金屬。雖然含量低，但女人每天塗抹2---14次口紅，最多一天可吸收進87毫克口紅。

Background: Metal content in lip products has been an issue of concern.

Objectives: We measured lead and eight other metals in a convenience sample of 32 lip products used by young Asian women in Oakland, California, and assessed potential health risks related to estimated intakes of these metals.

Methods: We analyzed lip products by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and used previous estimates of lip product usage rates to determine daily oral intakes. We derived acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) based on information used to determine public health goals for exposure, and compared ADIs with estimated intakes to assess potential risks.

Results: Most of the tested lip products contained high concentrations of titanium and aluminum. All examined products had detectable manganese. Lead was detected in 24 products (75%), with an average concentration of 0.36 ± 0.39 ppm, including one sample with 1.32 ppm. When used at the estimated average daily rate, estimated intakes were > 20% of ADIs derived for aluminum, cadmium, chromium, and manganese. In addition, average daily use of 10 products tested would result in chromium intake exceeding our estimated ADI for chromium. For high rates of product use (above the 95th percentile), the percentages of samples with estimated metal intakes exceeding ADIs were 3% for aluminum, 68% for chromium, and 22% for manganese. Estimated intakes of lead were < 20% of ADIs for average and high use.

Data analysis. Measured metal concentrations (parts per million, weight/weight) were converted to estimated daily metal intakes (micrograms per day) based on lip product use data from a study of cosmetic product use among 360 women (ages 19–65 years) from ten different U.S. geographical regions (Loretz et al. 2005). The investigators reported that on average the women used lipsticks 2.35 times per day (range, 0–20 times) and applied 10 mg of product at each use (range, 0–214 mg), resulting in average daily use of 24 mg of lip products (range, 0–214 mg; 95th percentile = 87 mg/day). We assumed that all applied lip products were ingested, and thus estimated metal intakes for average use (24 mg/day) and high use (87 mg/day) of lip products.

Conclusion

Our data indicate the need for further studies to evaluate metal concentrations in lip products, as well as other cosmetics, and related potential health risks. In addition to Pb, metals such as Al, Cd, Cr, and Mn require further investigation. Cosmetics safety should be assessed not only by the presence of hazardous contents, but also by comparing estimated exposures with health based standards. This preliminary study of the metal content of 32 lip products suggests that toxic metals in cosmetics should be regulated to protect women’s health in the United States, as has already been undertaken by the European Union through their Cosmetics Directive.

詳細的測試結果見：http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1205518/#t2

還有個不太好的消息：由於動物保護組織的幹預和取得的曆史性勝利，本來就不甚安全的化妝品可能會更不安全了。從2013年3月11日開始，歐盟市場上的化妝品都不得做過任何動物試驗，不管在哪兒做的。劑量試驗、毒性試驗、致癌試驗等等，統統不能在動物身上做，否則不許出售。塗沫我們健康壇的招牌椰子油當潤唇膏吧。真的，我不是在開玩笑。

As of 11 March 2013, cosmetics tested on animals can no longer be sold in Europe, even if the testing was done outside Europe – a fantastic step forward!