“模範少數族裔”標簽所講述的故事,與亞裔所經曆的現實剝削和社會暴力卻大相徑庭。早在1869年,就有一千名亞裔工人在修建鐵路的過程中喪生,然而,不僅死者沒有得到任何紀念,幸存者甚至不被允許參加鐵路竣工儀式(Riggs
and Edgar 2018)。
加利福尼亞州參議員米勒(John Franklin
Miller,1831-1886),曾在一次國會辯論中臭名昭著地懇求保護“美國盎格魯撒克遜文明”,使其“不受東方文明壞疽的汙染或摻假”(Gyory
1998,
224-44)。和米勒一樣,成長在1860年代的大多數美國人都將美國視為完全屬於白人的土地,並認為基於血統、種族的歧視是合理的。亞裔美國人沒有從鐵路建設中獲得讚譽感謝,也沒有從建設金山獲得經濟繁榮,反而成為本土主義者怨恨的目標。
亞裔美國人也沒有像公眾錯誤想象的那樣獲得較高的社會經濟地位。 2010
年代,美國12.6%的亞裔生活在貧困線以下,高於美國12.4%的平均水平(“Critical Issues Facing Asian
Americans and Pacific Islanders.”
n.d.)。顯然,華人並沒有像“模範少數民族”一詞所聲稱的那樣獲得世俗意義的成功,而是在一直以來的曆史脈絡中為生計持續奮鬥著。
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