唐宋韻
唐宋韻
《兵車行(1)》
杜甫
車轔轔(2)，馬蕭蕭(3)，行人弓箭各在腰。
耶(4)娘妻子走相送，塵埃不見鹹陽橋(5)。
牽衣頓足攔道哭，哭聲直上幹(6)雲霄。
道旁過者(7)問行人，行人但雲點行(8)頻。
或從十五(9)北防河（10），便至四十西營田(11)。
去時裏正(12)與裹頭(13)，歸來頭白還戍邊。
邊庭(14)流血成海水，武皇(15)開邊意未已。
君不聞，漢家山東(16)二百州，千村萬落生荊杞(17)。
縱有健婦把鋤犁，禾生隴畝(18)無東西(19)。
況複(20)秦兵(21)耐苦戰，被驅不異犬與雞。
長者(22)雖有問，役夫敢申恨(23)？
且如今年冬，未休(24)關西卒(25)。
縣官急索租，租稅從何出？
信知(26)生男惡，反是生女好。
生女猶得嫁比鄰，生男埋沒隨百草。
君不見，青海頭(27)，古來白骨無人收。
新鬼煩冤(28)舊鬼哭，天陰雨濕聲啾啾！
1. 行：歌行體，本是漢樂府詩的一體裁，音節、格律比較自由，可采用五言、七言或雜言等多種形式。
2. 轔(lin2)轔：車輛行進時的聲音。
3. 蕭蕭：馬嘶叫聲。
4. 耶：同“爺”，父親。
5. 鹹陽橋：漢武帝所建故址在今陝西鹹陽市西南，為長安通往西北的必經之路。
6. 幹(gan1)：衝上。
7. 過者：路過的人。此處指詩人自己。
8. 點行(xing2)：按戶籍名冊點名征兵。
9. 十五：十五歲
10. 河：今甘肅河西走廊一帶。
11. 營田：即屯田。府兵不打仗時種地以自給自足。
12. 裏正，唐製凡百戶為一裏，置裏正一人管理。
13. 與裹頭，給他裹頭巾。這是新兵入伍時的裝束。
14. 邊庭：邊疆。
15. 武皇：漢武帝，這裏借指唐玄宗。下句的“漢家”也是借指唐朝。
16. 山東：崤(xiao2)山或華山以東。古代秦地以東，常統稱山東。
17. 荊杞：荊棘和枸杞，泛指野生灌木。
18. 隴畝：田地。
19. 無東西：莊稼在田裏不成行列。
20. 況複：更何況。
21. 秦兵：關中兵，即這次出征的士兵。
22. 長者：老年人，此處指詩人自己。
23. 申恨：訴說怨恨。
24. 休：修整。
25. 關西卒：潼關或函穀關以西的士兵。
26. 信知：確實知道。
27. 青海頭：指青海湖邊。那時唐和吐蕃的戰爭經常發生在此地。
28. 煩冤：喊冤、不滿。
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Song of the Conscripts
Chariots rumble and horses grumble.
The conscripts march with bow and arrows at the waist.
Their fathers, mothers, wives and children come in haste
To see them off; the bridge is shrouded in dust they’ve raised.
They clutch at their coats, stamp the feet and bar the way;
Their grief cries loud and strikes the cloud straight, straightaway.
An onlooker by roadside asks an enrollee.
“The conscription is frequent,” only answers he.
Some went north at fifteen to guard the rivershore,
And were sent west to till the land at forty.
The elder bound their young heads when they went away;
Just home, they’re sent to the frontier though their hair’s gray.
The field on borderland becomes a sea of blood;
The emperor’s greed for land is still at high flood.
Have you not heard
Two hundred districts east of the Hua Mountains lie,
Where briers and brambles grow in villages far and nigh?
Although stout women can wield the plough and the hoe,
Thorns and weeds in the east as in the west o’ergrow.
The enemy are used to hard and stubborn fight;
Our men are driven just like dogs or fowls in flight.
“You are kind to ask me.
To complain I’m not free.
In winter of this year
Conscription goes on here.
The magistrates for taxes press.
How can we pay them in distress?
If we had know sons bring no joy,
We would have preferred girl to boy.
A daughter can be wed to a neighbor, alas!
A son can only be buried under the grass!”
Have you not seen On borders green
Bleached bones since olden days unburied on the plain?
The old ghosts weep and cry, while the new ghosts complain;
The air is loud with screech and scream in gloomy rain.
（許淵衝 譯）
