正文
Safety is defined as freedom from risk. If we avoid, reduce or eliminate risk we are safer.
It is important to realize that safety is relative. Eliminating all risk, would be extremely difficult and very expensive. When something is called safe, this usually means that it is safe within certain reasonable limits and parameters.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety)
美國公路安全保險協會（Insurance Institute for Highway Safety）測試類型最豐富是世界安全標準中最嚴格的，也是北美各保險公司依據的標準，除了基本的測試之外，IIHS還時常會進行一些特殊的碰撞，比如會進行車輛的對撞來評測安全性能，以及128km/h的時速撞向不可移動固體牆，但這也遭到了部分廠商的不滿。正麵碰撞測試,速度為64.4km/h； 側麵碰撞測試速度為49.8km/h
公車線路會覆蓋所有繁忙路段（限速60km/h或50,40），所以我經常第一時間路過交通事故現場。T-Bone 碰撞形式居多，正麵碰撞路衝房子，追尾或撞在樹上屬於打瞌睡或分心駕駛。現代各種車輛相對安全致死率較低是基於市內行駛條件，可通過防禦性駕駛解決。
在實際交通事故中，並不一定按照理想碰撞測試條件進行。通常惡性交通事故隻有出現死亡才會在新聞中看到，下列情況對司機致命而司機又無法控製：
1. 兩車迎頭對撞， 實際車速為兩車速之和超過100KM/H。 車輛安全測試標準Euro NCAP 車輛測試速度 側撞40KM/h，前撞64KM/H。從以下羅列新聞可看出：Unibody很大概率車毀人亡，Body-on-frame 型truck 人員基本安全。Head On Collisions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVoSp1SjrCw
2. 在高速公路上出爆胎事故，可能引起火燒車。原因是高速出車禍車體嚴重變形造成油箱破裂而Body-on-frame 型truck基本能預防此類油箱破裂事故，因為底盤的frame根本不會變形。Frame rails 最弱的C-shaped thickness from 1/8" to 3/16" 前幾年我曾見過美國大雪暴後高速公路上車禍照片兩輛 truck trailer 分別撞向一輛皮卡兩側， 皮卡上部完全變形司機隻受擦傷。
總之，Body-on-frame型SUV是最安全的車(與皮卡共用相同底盤)。而且幾百公斤重FRAME 可保證車重心低，不易側翻。萬一有不可避免的事故，隻要刹車減速人體向車中心靠，傷亡幾率大大降低。
北美可買到的Body-on-frame 型 SUV見 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body-on-frame
保險公司很現實， 保費賠付人受傷費用占比例最大，所以Body-on-frame型SUV(truck)保費最低。當然保險公司根本不解釋原因。
從汽車2019年1月加拿大銷量數據也可看出消費者漸漸明白真正什麽車型是安全車
passenger car 27,084 light truck 81,690 注：所有Body-on-frame車都叫truck
以下羅列新聞均可google 查到，車禍現場照片更直觀大家可自行搜索
1.
1死6傷，長島發生重大車禍，全是中國人
悲劇！15日上午約8時30分，一名36歲司機醉酒駕車，於長島格林港(Greenport)48號公路上與相反方向的一輛麵包車(Minivan)相撞，致麵包車上的華裔女司機傷重不治身亡，6名華裔女乘客受傷。
16日，長島紹斯霍爾德鎮(Southold Town)警方指出，死者和6名乘客均來自皇後區法拉盛，車禍造成其中2名乘客身體多處骨折、大出血，所幸目前沒有生命危險。
長島36歲司機醉駕逆行，與一輛麵包車相撞，導致華裔女性1死6傷。
長島36歲司機醉駕逆行，與一輛麵包車相撞，導致華裔女性1死6傷。
司機涉嫌酒駕
根據警方報告顯示，肇事司機為36歲的薩勒斯基(Glenn Zaleski)，其醉酒後仍然駕駛皮卡車沿格林港48號公路東向行駛，約在當日上午8時30分，與相反方向的一輛麵包車相撞。兩車相撞後，導致麵包車嚴重變形，車內包括司機和乘客在內的7人受傷。
2. Man, 74, dead after head-on crash in Milton
Codi Wilson, CTV News Toronto
Published Thursday, February 8, 2018 5:29AM EST
Published Thursday, February 8, 2018 5:29AM EST
A Rockwood man is dead after a head-on crash in rural Milton Wednesday evening.
The driver of the SUV, a 74 year-old man from Rockwood was pronounced dead at the scene following the 5:26 p.m. two-vehicle collision with a Toyota Tacoma pick-up truck on Guelph Line between McLaren and Limestone roads, south of Campbellville.
The SUV was traveling north on Guelph Line when it collided with a southbound Toyota pick-up according to police. The SUV left the road and came to rest on it's roof approximately 10 feet off the roadway in a ditch.
The driver of the pick-up, a 51 year-old man from Cambellville was transported to Milton District Hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.
3. One person dead in collision at Trafalgar Road and White Oaks Blvd
Halton police say one person is dead following a traffic accident at the intersection of Trafalgar Road and White Oaks Boulevard this morning (Friday).
Officers said the two-vehicle collision took place at around 11 a.m.
They said the deceased was the driver of one of the vehicles.
The occupant of the other vehicle was not injured.
UPDATE: Crash victim 85-year-old Oakville man in SUV with a truck
4.
OAKVILLE -- The eastbound Queen Elizabeth Way has reopened following a fiery crash that killed two and injured another Tuesday night.
The roadway had been closed overnight and through the day for investigation into the four-vehicle crash and for repair, including repaving.
The OPP says two trucks and two vehicles were involved in the crash in the Toronto-bound lanes of the highway near Trafalgar Rd. The two killed were in an SUV and the driver of one of the tractor trailers was treated for minor injuries.
Const. Tracey Lacarte said one truck was an empty flatbed and the other was a tractor-trailer believed to be hauling car parts that burst into flames after the impact just after 9 p.m.
5. Oregon State Police (OSP) troopers are continuing the investigation into Wednesday afternoon's two vehicle fatal traffic crash that resulted in the death of a 44-year old woman at an intersection five miles northeast of Pendleton. The victim's name is released in this update.
According to Lieutenant Greg Sherman, on February 27, 2013 at approximately 3:15 p.m., a 1994 GMC pickup driven by STEVEN ELUMBAUGH, age 31, from Pendleton, was northbound on Campbell Road and pulled into the path of a 2000 Honda Civic traveling westbound on Fulton Road. The Honda crashed into the passenger side of the pickup and both vehicles came to rest on the west side of Campbell Road.
The Honda's driver, MARY ANN WOOD, age 44, from Pendleton, was pronounced deceased at the scene.
ELUMBAUGH was examined at the scene by medical responders and was not transported to a hospital.
Both drivers were using safety restraints.
According to Lieutenant Greg Sherman, on February 27, 2013 at approximately 3:15 p.m., a 1994 GMC pickup driven by STEVEN ELUMBAUGH, age 31, from Pendleton, was northbound on Campbell Road and pulled into the path of a 2000 Honda Civic traveling westbound on Fulton Road. The Honda crashed into the passenger side of the pickup and both vehicles came to rest on the west side of Campbell Road.
The Honda's driver, MARY ANN WOOD, age 44, from Pendleton, was pronounced deceased at the scene.
ELUMBAUGH was examined at the scene by medical responders and was not transported to a hospital.
Both drivers were using safety restraints.
6. Car in deadly Port Credit crash 'exploded'
A car was torn apart following single car fatal collision along Lakeshore Rd E. near Stavebank Rd. in Mississauga, Ont. on Saturday, March 30, 2019
The Honda Civic came flying across the bridge over the Credit River around 2:30 a.m. like a rocket taking off. The driver, despite frantic paramedic and emergency room attempts to save him, was killed in this disturbing wipeout.
“The car was heading east when it hit two poles and several other things including a building,” said Marttini. “The driver was ejected from the car because there was no car left.”It is believed the car may have been travelling at upwards of 160 km/hr.
A car was torn apart following single car fatal collision along Lakeshore Rd E. near Stavebank Rd. in Mississauga, Ont. on Saturday, March 30, 2019
The Honda Civic came flying across the bridge over the Credit River around 2:30 a.m. like a rocket taking off. The driver, despite frantic paramedic and emergency room attempts to save him, was killed in this disturbing wipeout.
“The car was heading east when it hit two poles and several other things including a building,” said Marttini. “The driver was ejected from the car because there was no car left.”It is believed the car may have been travelling at upwards of 160 km/hr.
https://bbs.wenxuecity.com/auto/362518.html
此文請一起閱讀專業深入分析，非常值得推薦。可惜圖片看不到
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body-on-frame
SUV
Cadillac Escalade (ESV)
Chevrolet Suburban
Chevrolet Tahoe
Ford Expedition (EL)
GMC Yukon (XL)
Infiniti QX80
Jeep Wrangler (Unlimited)
Lexus GX
Lexus LX
Lincoln Navigator (L)
Mercedes-Benz G-Class
Nissan Armada
Toyota 4Runner
Toyota Land Cruiser
Toyota Sequoia
最典型的例子是school bus 設計幾十年了幾乎很少變化連安全帶都沒有裝。不論大小全部卡車底盤。其安全測試是用火車撞擊。套用官方解釋
Transport Canada has not deemed seat belts to be mandatory, and basically their rationale is that the school bus safety record is so excellent," said David Carroll, Legislation and Safety Consultant to the Ontario School Bus Association (OSBA). "A child is 16 times safer riding to school in a school bus than riding to school in a family car."
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/culture/commuting/why-school-buses-dont-need-seatbelts/article23175936/