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2028-2034年歐盟預算打造更強大的歐洲

(2025-07-18 08:55:07) 下一個

2028-2034年歐盟預算：打造更強大的歐洲

https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget/eu-budget-2028-2034_en

2025年7月16日，歐盟委員會提交了一份雄心勃勃、充滿活力的多年期財政框架（“MFF”）提案，迄今為止該框架的規模已接近2萬億歐元（相當於2028年至2034年期間歐盟國民總收入的1.26%）。該框架將為歐洲提供一份長期投資預算，使其能夠在未來十年內實現成為一個獨立、繁榮、安全和蓬勃發展的社會和經濟體的宏偉目標。

新版MFF的主要特點：

預算更加靈活，使歐洲能夠在情況發生意外變化或需要應對新的政策優先事項時迅速采取行動並做出反應；

更簡化、更精簡、更協調的歐盟金融計劃，使公民和企業能夠輕鬆找到並獲得融資機會；
根據當地需求量身定製的預算，並製定針對投資和改革的國家和地區夥伴關係計劃，以在最重要的領域產生有針對性的影響，並確保更快、更靈活地支持整個聯盟的經濟、社會和地域凝聚力；

強大的競爭力提升，使歐洲能夠保障供應鏈安全，擴大創新規模，並引領全球清潔和智能技術競賽；
一套平衡的全新自有資源方案，確保我們有足夠的收入用於優先事項，同時最大限度地減少國家公共財政的壓力。

主要特點包括：

投資於人民、成員國和地區
促進教育和民主價值觀發展
通過競爭力、研究和創新推動繁榮
保護人民，增強應對新挑戰的準備和韌性
保護歐洲
建立夥伴關係，打造更強大的歐洲
新的自有資源，以實現我們共同的目標
後續步驟
概況介紹
法律文件

委員會的提案旨在確保歐盟資金由歐盟的政治優先事項引導，從而實現國家預算無法單獨實現的成果。

投資於人民、成員國和地區

新的長期預算將把成員國和地區實施的歐盟資金整合到一個以凝聚力和農業政策為核心的統一戰略之下。該戰略將通過更精簡、更精準的國家和地區夥伴關係計劃來實施，以最大限度地發揮每一歐元的效益。這些計劃將促進融合，縮小地區差距。它們將確定投資和改革方案，以更好地應對成員國和地區未來麵臨的挑戰。

這些計劃將由委員會、成員國、各地區、地方社區和所有其他相關利益攸關方密切合作製定和實施。每個成員國將能夠獲得與目前相同數額的資金。

此外，將對欠發達地區設定強製性最低限額，並製定保障措施，確保這些地區總體上獲得的資金至少與現行凝聚力方案下的資金數額相同。

對農民的收入支持將專項撥款，包括環境措施、農場投資、對年輕農民的支持以及風險管理工具。農業和農村社區的資助規則將更加簡化，包括支付、控製和審計等方麵的規則。

新的夥伴關係計劃將為落實“歐洲社會權利支柱”提供更多機會，支持所有成員國、各地區和各部門的高質量就業、技能和社會包容。作為計劃的一部分，“歐洲社會基金升級版”將致力於促進人人享有平等機會，支持建立強大的社會安全網，促進社會包容、代際公平並消除貧困。

對法治的尊重將保持無條件。《附加條件條例》將繼續保護整個歐盟預算免受法治侵犯。國家和地區夥伴關係計劃將包含進一步的保障措施，以確保成員國尊重法治原則和《基本權利憲章》。

點擊此處了解更多關於下一屆多邊基金（MFF）中法治的信息。

歐盟預算受益人的透明度和篩選將得到加強。歐盟資金受助人的信息將在中央數據庫中發布。

培育教育和民主價值觀

加大技能投資對於幫助歐盟學生和工作者抓住機遇至關重要。同時，投資於人意味著支持充滿活力的公民空間並保護藝術和文化自由。長期預算將繼續在技能、文化、媒體和價值觀領域進行投資。強化的“伊拉斯謨+”計劃將成為技能聯盟的支柱。教育流動性、團結和包容性仍將是該計劃的核心。強大的 AgoraEU 計劃

將倡導共同價值觀，包括民主、平等和法治，並支持歐洲文化多樣性、視聽和創意產業、媒體自由和公民社會參與。

了解下一屆歐洲競爭力論壇 (MFF) 如何應對社會和技能政策。

通過競爭力、研究和創新推動繁榮

新的歐洲競爭力基金將投資於戰略技術，以造福整個單一市場，正如萊塔和德拉吉報告所建議的那樣。該基金將按照統一的規則運作，並為資助申請者提供單一平台，從而簡化和加速歐盟的資助，並促進私人和公共投資。該基金將重點支持以下四個領域：

清潔轉型和脫碳；
數字化轉型；
衛生、生物技術、農業和生物經濟；
國防和太空。

該基金將通過吸引私人資金，最大限度地發揮每一歐元的影響力。

與歐洲競爭力基金緊密結合，享有盛譽的歐盟研究框架及其價值1750億歐元的旗艦項目“地平線歐洲”將繼續資助世界級創新。

“地平線歐洲”和競爭力基金將為項目的整個投資過程（從構思階段到規模化）提供支持，並降低潛在受益者的成本和資金撥付時間。

保護人民，增強應對新挑戰的準備和韌性
長期預算將使歐洲擁有更快、更高效、更靈活的工具，以抵禦衝擊並應對新挑戰。它將繼續通過資助“準備聯盟”來增強歐洲的韌性，並為危機管理的各個階段做好準備：從預防到響應再到恢複。歐盟委員會正在提議建立一個全新的專門危機機製，向成員國提供高達近4000億歐元的貸款，當歐盟遭遇嚴重危機時，該機製將立即啟動。此外，國家和地區夥伴關係將支持所有應急準備和危機管理領域的投資和改革。農業儲備將在必要時支持農民並穩定市場。

歐洲競爭力基金還將通過發展工業能力和資助尖端技術，增強歐盟在關鍵行業和技術領域的應急準備和戰略自主權。最後，歐盟民事保護機製和歐盟對衛生應急準備和響應的支持將進一步加強，並整合衛生應急準備活動。

如需了解下一屆歐洲競爭力基金 (MFF) 將如何支持應急準備，請閱讀專門的情況說明書。

保護歐洲
長期預算將有助於建立一個能夠自衛、保持聯係並在需要時迅速采取行動的歐洲防務聯盟。歐洲競爭力基金的國防和太空窗口將撥款 1310 億歐元，用於支持國防、安全和太空領域的投資，與上一屆歐洲競爭力基金相比，歐盟層麵的資金增加了五倍。成員國和各地區將有機會在自願的基礎上，根據地區需求和優先事項，支持其國家和地區夥伴關係計劃中的國防相關項目。“連接歐洲基金”的軍事機動性部分將增加十倍。它將支持軍民兩用基礎設施投資，並大力促進網絡安全、基礎設施和國防整體發展。為了加強能源安全，“連接歐洲基金”將為跨境能源和交通項目提供融資。

在下一期多用途融資計劃（MFF）情況說明書中閱讀更多國防信息。

新預算還預計將增加用於移民管理、加強歐盟外部邊界和加強內部安全的資金。

將撥款340億歐元，比上一期增加兩倍。成員國將獲得歐盟支持，以快速有效地應對實地事態發展。這些資金將幫助成員國提升線上線下執法能力，為邊防人員配備合適的工具以保護外部邊界，並根據《移民和庇護公約》實施公平、穩固的移民管理製度。

建立夥伴關係，打造更強大的歐洲，在世界舞台上展現實力
這項新的多年期財政框架預計將加強對外行動，以配合更具戰略性、價值觀驅動和影響力的擴大、夥伴關係和外交方針，符合歐盟的戰略利益。

為簡化對外行動融資，一項價值2000億歐元、期限為2028-2034年的全球歐洲工具將最大限度地發揮其實際作用，並提高歐盟對外行動在夥伴國家的可見度。這將使歐盟預算能夠加大對候選國的支持，並為它們的加入做好準備。該工具將擁有150億歐元的專用儲備能力，以應對新興的挑戰。

增長和不可預見的需求。

為了鞏固歐盟對烏克蘭的堅定支持，歐盟可能在2028年至2034年期間為烏克蘭調動1000億歐元。鑒於需求的規模和不可預測性，對烏克蘭的支持將具有一定的靈活性。對軍事行動的支持將繼續由歐洲和平基金承擔。

擬議的新預算還將繼續為共同外交和安全政策行動提供總額為34億歐元的資金，以繼續促進歐盟維護和平、加強國際安全、促進國際合作以及發展和鞏固民主、法治和尊重人權與基本自由的目標。

新的自有資源以匹配我們的共同目標
為了具備行動的手段，歐洲還必須擁有現代化和多元化的收入來源。反過來，這將創造資金來資助其優先事項，同時償還歐盟在“下一代歐盟”計劃下借入的資金，並限製各國對歐盟預算的貢獻。為此，委員會提出了五項新的自有資金：

歐盟排放交易體係 (ETS)：ETS1 產生的收入將有針對性地納入歐盟預算。預計平均每年將產生約 96 億歐元。
碳邊境調整機製 (CBAM)：CBAM 產生的收入將有針對性地納入歐盟預算。預計平均每年將產生約 14 億歐元。
一項基於未收集電子垃圾的自有資金，通過對未收集電子垃圾的重量應用統一稅率計算。預計平均每年將產生約 150 億歐元；
一項煙草消費稅自有資金，基於成員國針對煙草製品征收的特定最低消費稅率計算。預計平均每年將產生約 112 億歐元；
歐洲企業資源 (CORE)?，相當於每年向在歐盟運營和銷售且年淨營業額至少為 1 億歐元的企業（中小型企業除外）提供一次性年度貢獻。?預計平均每年將產生約 68 億歐元的收入。
點擊此處，了解更多關於下一輪多邊融資機製 (MFF) 中歐盟預算收入的信息。

後續步驟
關於未來長期歐盟預算和收入體係的決定將由成員國在理事會上一致討論，MFF 需經歐洲議會同意，收入機製需經各國議會批準（如適用）。歐盟委員會將竭盡全力支持迅速達成協議。

情況說明書
“成員國分配”情況說明書
“國防”情況說明書
“實現清潔轉型”情況說明書
“教育、文化、媒體和聯盟價值觀”情況說明書
“打造具有韌性、競爭力和可持續性的歐盟農業”情況說明書
“全球化歐洲”情況說明書
“內政基金：移民邊境安全”情況說明書
“地平線歐洲”情況說明書
“新的自有資源”情況說明書
“準備和危機管理”情況說明書
“社會和技能”情況說明書
“加強法治”情況說明書
法律文件
多年期財政框架

自有資源體係

預算支出跟蹤和績效框架

國家和地區夥伴關係

共同農業政策

共同漁業政策、歐洲海洋公約和歐盟海洋及水產養殖政策

歐洲經濟、社會和領土凝聚力基金、農業和農村、漁業和海事、繁榮與安全

歐洲區域發展基金和凝聚力基金

歐洲社會基金

學校水果、蔬菜和牛奶計劃（“歐盟學校計劃”）

歐盟對庇護、移民和融入的支持

歐盟對內部安全的支持

歐盟對申根區、歐洲一體化邊境管理和共同簽證政策的支持

The 2028-2034 EU budget for a stronger Europe

https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget/eu-budget-2028-2034_en

On 16 July 2025, the Commission presented its proposal for an ambitious and dynamic Multiannual Financial Framework (“MFF”) to date amounting to almost almost EUR 2 trillion(or 1.26% of the EU’s gross national income on average between 2028 and 2034). This framework will equip Europe with a long-term investment budget matching its ambitions to be an independent, prosperous, secure and thriving society and economy over the coming decade.

Key features of the new MFF:?

More flexibility across the budget, so Europe has the capacity to act – and react – fast when circumstances change unexpectedly or when new policy priorities need to be addressed;??
Simpler, more streamlined and harmonised EU financial programmes, so that citizens and companies can easily find and access funding opportunities;
A budget tailored to local needs, with National and Regional Partnership Plans for investments and reforms, for targeted impact where it matters most and ensuring a faster and more flexible support for more economic, social and territorial cohesion across our Union;??
A powerful competitiveness boost, for Europe to secure supply chains, scale-up innovation and lead the global race for clean and smart technology;?
A balancedpackage of new own resources that ensures adequate revenues for our priorities while minimising pressure on national public finances.

The Commission’s proposal is designed to ensure that EU funding is steered by the EU’s political priorities, delivering results that national budgets cannot achieve alone.

Investing in people, Member States and regions??

The new long-term budget will bring together EU funds implemented by Member States and Regions under one coherent strategy, with cohesion and agricultural policy at its core. This strategy will be implemented through National and Regional Partnership Plans, simpler and more tailored, to maximize the impact of every euro. The Plans will foster convergence and reduce regional disparities. They will identify investments and reforms to better address tomorrow’s challenges for the Member States and our Regions.

The Plans will be designed and implemented in close partnership between the Commission, the Member States, Regions, local communities and all other relevant stakeholders. Each Member State will be able to access the same amounts of funds as is the case today.

In addition, there will be a mandatory minimum amount for less developed regions, as well as a safeguard ensuring that these will receive overall at least as much funding as under the current cohesion envelope.

Income support to farmers will be ringfenced, including environmental measures, on-farm investments, support to young farmers and risk management tools. Funding rules for agriculture and rural communities will be simpler, including on payments, controls and audits.

The new partnership plans will give additional opportunities to the implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights, supporting quality employment, skills and social inclusion across all Member States, regions and sectors. As part of the plans, the European Social Fund Plus will contribute to promote equal opportunities for all, to support strong social safety nets, foster social inclusion, intergenerational fairness and fight poverty.

Respect for the Rule of Law will remain unconditional. The Conditionality Regulation will continue to protect the entire EU budget from breaches on the rule of law. The National and regional partnership plans will contain further safeguards to ensure that Member States respect the principles of the rule of law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights.

Find out more about the Rule of Law in the next MFF here

Transparency on and screening of the beneficiaries of the EU budget will be reinforced. Information on the recipients of EU funds will be published in a centralised database.

Foster education and democratic values

Stepping up investment in skills is fundamental to help EU students and workers embrace opportunities. At the same time, investing in people means supporting a vibrant civic space and protecting artistic and cultural freedom. The long-term budget will continue to invest in the areas of skills, culture, media and values. A reinforced Erasmus+ programme will be the backbone of the Union of Skills. Education mobility, solidarity and inclusiveness will remain the core of the programme. A strong AgoraEU programme will promote shared values, including democracy, equality and the rule of law and support the European cultural diversity, its audiovisual and creative sectors, media freedom and civil society involvement.

Check out how social and skills policies are address in the next MFF

Driving prosperity via competitiveness, research and innovation?

A new European Competitiveness Fund will invest in strategic technologies, to benefit the entire Single Market, as recommended in the Letta and Draghi Reports. The Fund, operating under one rulebook, and offering a single gateway to funding applicants, will simplify and accelerate EU funding and catalyse private and public investment. It will focus its support on four areas:

clean transition and decarbonization;
digital transition;
health, biotech, agriculture and bioeconomy;
defence, and space.

The Fund will maximise the impact of every euro spent by drawing in private money.

In close connection with the European Competitiveness Fund, the renowned EU research framework, with its flagship Horizon Europe worth EUR 175 billion, will continue to fund world-class innovation.

Horizon Europe and the Competitiveness Fund will offer support for the entire investment journey of a project (from conception phase to scale-up) and reduce both the cost for potential beneficiaries and the time for disbursement.

Protecting people and building preparedness and resilience to face new challenges

The long-term budget will equip Europe with faster, more efficient and flexible tools to withstand shocks and respond to new challenges. It will continue to build Europe’s resilience by financing the Preparedness Union and prepare for all stages of crisis management: from prevention to response and recovery. The Commission is proposing a new dedicated crisis mechanism with a firepower of up to almost EUR 400 billion of loans to Member States, to be triggered when severe crises hit the Union. Furthermore, national and regional partnerships will support investments and reforms in all areas of preparedness and crisis management. An agriculture reserve will support farmers and stabilise markets if needed.

The European Competitiveness Fund will also enhance the EU’s preparedness and strategic autonomy in key sectors and technologies, by developing industrial capacities and funding cutting-edge technologies. Lastly, the Union Civil Protection Mechanism and Union support for health emergency preparedness and response will be further strengthened integrating health preparedness activities.??

For an overview of how the next MFF will support preparedness, read the dedicated factsheet

Protecting Europe?

The long-term budget will help build a European Defence Union, that can defend itself, stay connected, and act fast whenever needed. The defence and space window of the European Competitiveness Fund will allocate EUR 131 billion to support investment in defence, security and space, five times more funding at EU level compared to the previous MFF. Member States and regions will have the possibility to support on a voluntary basis and according to the regional needs and priorities, defence-related projects in their national and regional partnership plans. The military mobility strand of the Connecting Europe Facility, will be multiplied tenfold. It will support dual-use infrastructure investments alongside civilian ones and contribute to a major boost for cybersecurity, infrastructure, and defence development overall. To enhance energy security, the Connecting Europe Facility will provide financing to cross-border energy and transport projects.

The new budget also foresees increased funding for migration management, to strengthen the EU’s external borders and to bolster internal security.

EUR 34 billion will be allocated, which triples funding compared to the previous funding period. Member States will receive Union support to rapidly and effectively respond to developments on the ground. The funds will help Member States boost law enforcement capabilities online and offline, equip our border guards with the right tools to protect the external borders and implement a fair and firm migration management system under the Pact for Migration and Asylum.

Building partnerships for a stronger Europe in the world?

This new Multiannual Financial Framework foresees reinforced external action to match a more strategic, values-driven and impactful approach to enlargement, partnerships and diplomacy, in alignment with the EU’s strategic interests.

To simplify external action financing, a Global Europe Instrument, worth EUR 200 billion for 2028-2034 will maximise impact on the ground and improve visibility of EU external action in partner countries. It will allow the EU budget to step up support to candidate countries and prepare for their accession This instrument will have a dedicated reserve capacity of EUR 15 billion to respond to emerging crises and unforeseen needs.

To underpin the Union’s unwavering support for Ukraine, EUR 100 billion may be mobilised for Ukraine over 2028-2034. Support for Ukraine will benefit from a degree of flexibility given the magnitude and unpredictability of the needs. Support for operations with military aspects will continue to be covered by the European Peace Facility.? ?

The proposed new budget will also continue financing Common Foreign and Security Policy actions for a total amount of EUR 3.4 billion, to continue contributing to the EU’s objectives of preserving peace, strengthening international security, promoting international cooperation and developing and consolidating democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.

New own resources to match our common ambition??

To give itself the means to act, Europe must also equip itself with a modern and diversified revenue stream. In turn, this will create means to fund its priorities while repaying what the EU has borrowed under NextGenerationEU and limiting the national contributions to the EU budget. To that end, the Commission presents five new own resources:

EU Emissions Trading System (ETS): targeted adjustment of the revenues generated from ETS1 go to the EU budget. Expected to generate around EUR 9.6 billion annually, on average.
Carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM): targeted adjustment of the revenues generated from CBAM go to the EU budget. Expected to generate around EUR 1.4 billion annually, on average.
An own resource based on non-collected e-waste through the application of a uniform rate to the weight of non-collected e-waste. Expected to generate around EUR 15 billion annually, on average;
A tobacco excise duty own resource, based on the application of a rate on the Member State-specific minimum excise duty rate levied on tobacco products. Expected to generate around EUR 11.2 billion annually, on average;
A Corporate Resource for Europe (CORE)?, amounting to an annual lump-sum contribution from companies, other than small and medium-sized companies, operating and selling in the EU with a net annual turnover of at least EUR 100 million.? Expected to generate around EUR 6.8 billion annually, on average.

Next steps?

The decision on the future long-term EU budget and revenue system will be discussed by Member States in the Council, acting by unanimity, with the consent of the European Parliament for the MFF, and where relevant – ratification by national parliaments for the revenue.? The Commission will do everything in its power to support a swift agreement.?