中國減少社會阻力的智慧

中國減少社會阻力的智慧

Frank (Hongde) Li 

對於社會治理而言，主要存在四大阻力。

一是社會治理要麵對的是那些具有自私天性、獨立思考能力強、傾向於按照自己偏好行事的人，這將對社會治理產生負麵影響。

二是由於社會治理的改善可能引起人們對不確定的社會變化帶來的潛在風險的恐慌，大多數人會抵製改革。

三是社會治理的改善會涉及一些社會改革，會引發社會利益的重新分配，必然會遭到利益集團的強烈抵製。

四是人們的思維方式和行為方式被習慣的舊傳統或過時的意識形態所支配。1926年英國經濟學家凱恩斯在《自由放任的終結》中指出：“許多原有理由的強製力已經消失，但結論的生命力卻比它們更持久。”

這些行為是人類與生俱來的本能，不分種族，不分國籍，也不分政治模式——一黨專製還是多黨民主。中國經濟改革的過程，就是努力減少和克服這種社會阻力的過程。中國經濟改革的成功，也得益於悠久文明的智慧。

都是通過地方試點，然後總結出可行的經驗，廣泛傳播。深圳市就是很好的例子。

中國把位於廣東深圳附近的蛇口小村作為試驗區，獨立製定政策，不提供任何財政支持。試驗區麵積小，社會阻力小，更重要的是，社會上關於試驗區做法的傳言，起到了心理疫苗的作用，緩解了人們麵對不確定的社會變化時的恐慌。

然後，用令人信服的成功經驗更新政策，在全國推廣，以點帶線，以線帶麵，即使有心理準備，也能堅持很多年，否則，即使在一黨專政下也無能為力。深圳就是這樣從一個漁村誕生的；如今的深圳是中國技術革命的推動力。

改革開放前，很多人為了更好的生活逃到香港，後來又被抓回來，被擁擠地關押在一起。當時大多數官員都建議以叛徒論處。

但是，麵對被關押的這些人，習近平的父親習仲勳卻含淚說，這不是你們的錯，是我們的錯，我們沒有讓你們過上好日子。

廣東省委請求中央出麵阻止逃港潮。鄧小平一支支地吸煙，許久不說話。然後說，一定要要發展經濟，改善人民生活。

現在，有數百萬香港人在深圳和中國其他城市工作。

這樣迂回的方式，在新政策大規模推行之前，先行試點，糾正了不合適的做法。更重要的是，通過民間傳播，減少了人們對未知改革的恐慌；因為大多數人已經了解了改革的細節，知道了改革的好處，並做好了心理準備。因此改革的推行阻力很小，不會像其他國家那樣，在沒有流血衝突的情況下導致社會動亂。

Gov-authorize non-partisan Super Leadership to assist social governance

     --- A letter to Jean Chrétien the 20th Prime Minister of Canada

 Frank  Jan. 30 – Feb. 25, 2016, in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

    Updated in July 28, Aug. 9, 2016. Nov. 26, 2018. Jan. 18, 2019

  http://www.kwcg.ca/bbs/home.php?mod=space&uid=61910&do=blog&id=4055 

China tries to avoid resistance, not overcome with riots

The success of China's economic reform was derived from the well understanding for human inborn nature and the culture of Ancient civilization.

For social governance, there are four main resistances.

First one is that has to deal with people who are with innate selfish nature and are capable in independent thinking and tend to act according to own preferred accord, which will negatively affect social governance.

Second one is that due to the improvement of social governance may cause the panic for potential risks from the uncertain social changes; the most of people would resist the reform.

Third one is that the improvement of social governance would involve in some social reform with the redistribution of social interest, and it would certainly encounter the fierce resistance of interest group.

Fourth one is that the way of thinking and behaving of people is dominated by accustomed old tradition or outdated ideologies. In The end of laissez-faire 1926, the British economist Keynes indicates that: “The compelling force of many of the original reasons has disappeared but, as usual, the vitality of the conclusions outlasts them.” 

Such behaviors caused by the inborn nature of human beings, in regardless the race, regardless the nationality and regardless the political model - one party dictatorship or multiparty democracy.

The process of China's economic reform was the process of making efforts to reduce and overcome such social resistance. 

The success of China's economic reform was also benefited from the wisdom of long civilization in written records.

Oct. 2, 2014, in article Why did China not produce harmful native religions, I indicate that: “People appreciate the 5,000 years continuous civilization of China, however, most of people have overlooked the nature of the civilization, the valuable point, is not in the length of time, but, in the continuously documented historical facts – the facts in success and failure, which made valuable references, so that the future generations can avoid to repeat mistakes with lesser Detour.”

"The accumulation of experiences is wisdom.”

“The wisdom from 2400 years ago China lessons us that, the ordinary people can happily share in enjoying fruit, but they never willingly share the effort in growing the fruit. A rational government has to enforce them to do something that will benefit to them, but, do not expect to convince them in advance.”

Here needs to specially point out that, in 2400 years ago China, the philosophical text Tao Te Ching said that “the governance of a big country is as that of cooking a piece of small sea food”, it meant that a matter easily broken, and must be very careful.

These ancient teachings were paid attention by the successive governments of China. It was the fundamental of social stability and economic prosperity in more than 2000 years. It was the main reason that China’s economy leading the world before British launching the Opium Wars to interrupt the normal development of China. Now, China is quickly regaining leading position in economy.

China's economic reform was a process that tries to avoid social resistances by  seeking a roundabout way that can avoid obstacles. Rather than simply overcome with recklessly causing social riots.

China authorized Shekou, a small village nearby Shenzhen city in Guangdong province, as test zone with independent policy making without financing support. The limited area under the name of test has an advantage in less social resistance and more importantly, the social rumors about the practices in the test zone have played a role as a vaccine as psychological immune for relieving people’s panic when facing uncertain social changes.

And then, by convincing successful experiences update the policies for national promotion, by which from point to line, and then from line to area, which last many years even if was in the ready psychological environment, otherwise, even if in the one party dictatorship also could do nothing. The Shenzhen city was born in this way from a Fishing Village; Now Shenzhen city is powerhouse in driving technical revolution of China.

Before economic reform, there were many people flea to Hongkong for a better life and to be captured and sent back, those people were held in the over crowned place. Most officials suggested punishing them as traitors, but when facing those detained people, Xi Zhongxun, the father of Xi Jinping said with tears, this is not your fault, but is ours; we did not make a good life for you. Deng Xiaoping said, we must develop economy to improve the life of people.

Now, there are millions people work in Shenzhen and other cites of China from HongKong.