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讓-克洛德·容克主席在第十二屆中歐工商峰會上的講話
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/SPEECH_17_1526
DISCOURS 2 六月 2017 布魯塞爾
尊敬的李總理，
部長們，
馬爾姆斯特羅姆專員，親愛的塞西莉亞，
嘉賓，
女士們，先生們，
我要感謝中國國際貿易促進委員會和歐洲商業委員會在如此美麗的環境中接待我們。
總理先生，我從不掩飾對偉大國家和中國人民的喜愛和欽佩。經過多年的訪問——首先是作為盧森堡首相，現在是現任歐盟委員會主席——我對你們豐富的曆史和文化的迷戀隻會越來越強烈。
像所有好朋友一樣，我們有時可能會有分歧——我們也有分歧——但我相信我們之間的坦誠和誠實會讓我們的關係更加牢固。
今天我們的夥伴關係比以往任何時候都更加重要。
歐盟是中國最大的貿易夥伴。中國是歐盟第二大經濟體。我們之間每天的貨物貿易額超過15億歐元。
進入歐洲內部市場是促成中國經濟奇跡、幫助數百萬人擺脫貧困的主要因素之一。
目前每年有超過1000萬中國人前往歐洲。明年的中歐旅遊年將為雙方提供新的投資機會，讓更多的人發現對方的美麗風景和生活方式。我會利用這個旅遊年在中國度過半年的時間……
但我們的關係並不是孤立的。它是一種放眼世界並使其更加穩定的方法。無論是應對氣候變化——今天比昨天更重要——網絡攻擊和國際恐怖主義，還是促進可持續發展、貿易和全球經濟增長，中國和歐盟在國際解決方案的必要性上是一致的。
沒有什麽比領導全球清潔能源轉型和《巴黎氣候協定》的實施（毫無細微差別地全麵實施）更重要的了。
我們的共同領導為歐洲、中國和世界各地的企業、投資者和研究人員提供了建設全球低碳經濟所需的確定性。
它向世界宣告：能源轉型沒有倒退的可能。 《巴黎協定》沒有出現倒退。
我們的關係建立在對開放的共同承諾以及作為基於規則的國際體係的一部分共同努力的基礎上。我很高興我們今天能在這裏相聚並大聲而清晰地說出這一點。它認識到我們可以共同促進國內外的繁榮和可持續發展。這就是習主席今年早些時候在達沃斯雄辯地描述的願景。
我知道總理也完全同意這一點。 《國務院關於進一步擴大開放的通知》體現了他的承諾。 《政府工作計劃》明確提出中國要成為最具吸引力的外商投資目的地的雄心壯誌也印證了這一點。
多年來，我們已經取得了長足的進步。 1996年我第一次以總理身份訪問中國時，貴國甚至還不是世貿組織成員。在那次旅行中，我記得談論了很多關於合作的事情，但實際上我們彼此隔絕。中國僅占世界出口的5%。旅遊業——中國人到歐洲以及歐洲人到中國——在那個時期確實很不尋常。我們的企業交流較少，我們的經濟也沒有像今天這樣相互聯係。
如今，歐盟已成為中國最重要的對外投資目的地。中國企業被我們人民的才華和創新、我們穩定的投資環境和我們的經濟實力所吸引。
我們同樣被中國經濟所吸引。 2014年，歐盟占中國外商直接投資總額的近16%。
但還有更多的空間。中國在歐盟的外國投資中所占比例不足5%。去年，中國投資者在歐盟的收購花費幾乎是歐洲公司在中國的五倍。
2016年，中國對歐盟的投資增長了77%，但相反方向的投資卻下降了近四分之一。考慮到這一點，去年歐盟對中國的投資約為我們對美國投資的 3%。
這反映出在中國做生意仍然有多麽困難。大約一半的歐盟公司表示，去年的情況實際上變得更加困難。兩分之一的人表示，他們感覺不如進入中國市場時那麽受歡迎。超過一半的人表示，與中國競爭對手相比，外國公司受到了不公平的對待。這種反饋反映在世界銀行的排名中
做生意的便利性。中國在 183 個國家中排名第 78 位。一個經濟大國的地位必須高於中遊水平。
政府的工作計劃表明中國希望提升排名。它呼籲顯著改善投資環境，並表示外國公司將受到平等對待。
目前正在談判的全麵投資協議將改變遊戲規則。這將使我們充滿信心地進行投資。它將有助於保護投資、確保市場準入和公平競爭環境。
這是我有幸參加的第三次峰會，也是我第三次強調落實該協議的必要性。我們現在需要完成它，以便我們能夠真正建立符合我們共同利益的互惠投資關係。
我們對中國改革道路的雄心表示讚賞。我們認識到已經進行了改革並製定了計劃。但我們希望看到實施速度加快——以便你們的政策符合你們的世界願景。
首相非常了解我，知道我將在所有這些問題上始終對他坦誠相待。
在法治和基本人權方麵我也會采取同樣的態度。這些是我們所珍視的公平和價值觀的普遍問題，但它們也是穩定和有吸引力的投資和商業環境的先決條件。我們相信，隻有在公平的競爭環境下，真正的競爭和真正的開放才能發揮作用。
隨著全球化越來越受到質疑，這一點比以往任何時候都更加重要，世界各地的許多人都在問全球化是否真的對他們有用。
委員會在一份關於利用全球化的反思文件中闡述了其觀點。我在上周的七國集團峰會上解釋了這一願景，並將在下個月的二十國集團峰會上與中國一起再次闡述這一願景。
據我了解，45% 的歐洲人認為全球化是威脅而不是機遇。在歐盟，我們集中精力並努力確保沒有人被拋在後麵，並且我們都遵守相同的規則。
這就是為什麽我們必須解決某些行業日益嚴重的產能過剩問題，這種過剩產能導致低價產品的傾銷。這正在損害歐盟生產商，造成就業損失，並對我們的一些製造業和工業中心地帶產生破壞性影響。
目前，中國鋼鐵產能過剩是歐盟總產能的兩倍多。過去十年，中國鋼管產能過剩增加了兩倍，鋁和矽產能過剩增加了四倍。
當必要時，我們一定會在貿易方麵維護公平。我們通過加強我們的貿易防禦工具來支持這一點，使它們符合目的。
這並不是保護主義或指責他人。我們的行動完全符合我們在世貿組織下承擔的國際義務，我們將以公平、透明和國家中立的方式履行這些義務。貿易不能簡單地自由。這必須是公平的。
但一如既往，歐盟相信對話與合作，我們將繼續與中國朋友密切合作，解決產能過剩和其他問題，特別是在數據和技術方麵。
在歐盟和中國現在有責任爭取公平開放的全球市場之際，這次對話至關重要。開展這一對話是我們深刻的戰略利益。如果我們無法取得進展，唯一的贏家將是反對我們尋求開放的政治力量。
在一起，我們可以充分利用所帶來的機會。例如，中國現在正在建設通過陸地、海上和網上連接我們的走廊。我們歡迎“一帶一路”倡議帶來的機遇，它將拉近亞歐人民和企業的距離。北京和歐洲樞紐之間的新直達鐵路就是這一點的象征。他們將複興一條古老的貿易路線，全長12,000公裏，途經哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯、白俄羅斯、波蘭、德國、比利時和法國。
我們希望確保“一帶一路”與現有項目相輔相成，包括歐盟長期製定的跨歐洲網絡政策或中歐互聯互通平台下的項目。隨著時間的推移，連通性的改善將幫助各種規模的製造商和企業降低運輸成本並開辟新市場。
但還需要做更多的工作：到 2030 年，僅亞洲就麵臨著 23 萬億歐元的基礎設施缺口。歐盟和中國在製定“一帶一路”倡議方麵有著重要利益。我們的信息是，我們可以幫助您構建它 - 但規則必須對所有人相同。歐洲公司必須有公平的機會能夠以與中國同行相同的條件進行投標和競爭。我們也必須確保公平的競爭環境。
我對中方關於將“一帶一路”打造為開放、透明、包容的倡議的聲明感到非常鼓舞。讓我們繼續努力
這些項目放在一起。讓我們的公司共同建設它們。
總理、親愛的朋友們：
女士們，先生們，
這隻是我們夥伴關係潛力的一瞥，不僅對歐盟和中國，而且對世界其他國家。
歐洲的未來掌握在我們自己手中——這是各國領導人在最近的《羅馬宣言》中所說的。因此，我們應該塑造自己的未來 — — 而中國將是其中的重要合作夥伴。隻要我們齊心協力，就能增進人民的繁榮和福祉。我們的公司可以在開放、快速增長的國際市場中蓬勃發展。我們可以互相學習，互相推動創新和競爭。我們可以捍衛世界各地的公平。
歐盟將與中國一起努力實現全球願景，共同應對共同挑戰。我們將捍衛公平競爭環境，確保國際體係建立在我們都同意的規則和機構之上。為了我們子孫的利益，我們將共同伴隨綠色轉型。
通過這樣做，我們可以幫助世界在充滿不確定性的時候變得更加穩定。
李總理，親愛的朋友，
謝謝並再次歡迎。
Speech by President Jean-Claude Juncker at the 12th EU-China Business Summit
Prime Minister Li,
Ministers,
Commissioner Malmström, dear Cecilia,
Distinguished guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I would like to thank the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and Business Europe for hosting us in these beautiful surroundings.
Prime Minister, I never made a secret of my affection and my admiration for your great nation and for the Chinese people. Over the many years and visits – first as the Prime Minister of Luxembourg, now as the current President of the European Commission – my fascination with your rich history and culture has only grown stronger.
Like all good friends, we may sometimes have our disagreements – and we have disagreements – but I believe that the frankness and honesty between us makes our relation stronger.
Our partnership today is more important than ever before.
The European Union is China's biggest trading partner. China is the EU's second largest. The trade in goods between us is worth over EUR 1.5 billion every single day.
Access to the European internal market is amongst the main elements having contributed to China's economic miracle, helping millions of people out of poverty.
Over 10 million Chinese people now visit Europe every year. And next year's EU-China Tourism Year will provide new opportunities for investment and more people from both sides to discover the beauty of each other's landscapes and ways of life. And I will make use of this Tourism Year to spend half of the year in China...
But our relationship is not an insular one. It is one that looks out to the world and makes it more stable. Whether it be fighting climate change – more important today than yesterday – cyber-attacks and international terrorism, or whether it be promoting sustainable development, trade and global economic growth, China and the European Union are aligned on the need for international solutions.
Nowhere is that more important than in leading the global clean energy transition and the implementation – the full implementation without nuances – of the Paris Climate Agreement.
Our joint leadership provides businesses, investors and researchers – in Europe, China and around the world – with the certainty they need to build a global low-carbon economy.
And it makes a statement to the world: there is no reverse gear to the energy transition. There is no backsliding on the Paris Agreement.
Our relationship is founded on a shared commitment to openness and working together as part of a rules-based international system. I am glad that we can meet here today and say this, loud and clear. It is one that recognises that together we can promote prosperity and sustainability at home and abroad. This is the vision that President Xi so eloquently described in Davos earlier this year.
I know that the Prime Minister is also fully signed up to that. The State Council Notice on Promoting Further Openness showed his commitment. And the Government Work Plan that explicitly stated China's ambition to be the most attractive destination for foreign investment backed that up.
Over the years we have come a long way. Back when I first visited China as a Prime Minister in 1996, your country was not even a member of the WTO. On that trip I remember talking a lot about working together, but in reality we were closed off to each other. China accounted for only 5% of world exports. Tourism – Chinese to Europe and European to China – was really unusual at that period of time. Our businesses exchanged less and our economies were not as interlinked as they are today.
Today, the EU is China's most important destination for outward investment. Chinese companies are attracted by the talent and innovation of our people, the stability of our investment environment and the strength of our economy.
And we are just as attracted to China's economy. In 2014, the European Union accounted for nearly 16% of total Foreign Direct Investment into China.
But there is scope for much more. China accounts for less than 5% of foreign investment in the EU. And last year, China's investors spent nearly five times as much on acquisitions in the European Union than European companies did in China.
While Chinese investment into the European Union increased by 77% in 2016, the flow in the other direction declined by almost a quarter. To put that into context, EU investment into China last year was roughly 3% of what we invested into the United States.
That reflects how difficult it can still be to do business in China. Roughly half of EU companies say that it actually got harder last year. One in two say they feel less welcome than when they entered the Chinese market. And more than half say that foreign companies are treated unfairly compared to their Chinese competitors. That feedback is reflected in the World Bank's rankings of the ease of doing business. China sits in 78th place out of 183 countries. A big economic powerhouse needs to be higher than mid-table.
The Government's Work Plan shows China wants to move up the table. It calls for significant improvements in the investment environment and says foreign firms will be treated equally.
The Comprehensive Agreement on Investment currently being negotiated will be a game changer. It will allow us to invest with confidence. It will help protect investments, ensure market access and level the playing field.
This is the third summit I have had the pleasure of taking part in and the third time I have stressed the need for this Agreement to be put into place. We now need to get it done so that we can truly have reciprocal investment relationship in our mutual interest.
We applaud the ambition of China's reform path. We recognise that reforms have been made and that plans have been established. But we would like to see implementation speed up – so that your policies are in line with your world vision.
The Prime Minister knows me well enough to know that I will always be frank and honest with him on all these matters.
And I will take the same approach when it comes to the rule of law and fundamental human rights. These are universal questions of fairness and values that we hold dear but they are also pre-requisites for a stable and attractive investment and business environment. And we believe that real competition and real openness can only work with a level playing field.
That is more important than ever as globalisation is increasingly called into question, with many around the world asking whether it really works for them.
The Commission set out its views in a Reflection Paper on Harnessing Globalisation. I explained this vision at last week's G7 and will do so again alongside China at next month's G20.
I understand that 45% of Europeans consider globalisation to be a threat rather than an opportunity. Here in the European Union we are focusing minds and efforts on making sure that no one is left behind and that we are all playing by the same rules.
That is why we must address growing excess capacity in certain sectors that is leading to the dumping of below-cost products. This is hurting EU producers, costing jobs and having a damaging impact on some of our manufacturing and industrial heartlands.
Chinese steel overcapacity is now more than double the EU's total capacity. Over the past decade, Chinese overcapacities have tripled for steel pipes and quadrupled for aluminium and silicon.
When we have to, we will be sure to uphold fairness when it comes to trade. And we are backing that up by strengthening our trade defence instruments to make them fit-for-purpose.
This is not about being protectionist or pointing fingers at others. Our actions are fully in line with our international obligations under the WTO and we will apply them in a fair, transparent and country-neutral way. Trade cannot simply be free. It must be fair.
But as always, the European Union believes in dialogue and cooperation and we will continue to work closely with our Chinese friends on addressing excess capacity and other concerns, notably on data and technology.
This dialogue is crucial at a time when the European Union and China now have a responsibility to fight for a fair and open global market place. Delivering on this dialogue is our deep, strategic interest. If we fail to make progress, the only winners will be the political forces that oppose the openness we seek.
And together, we can make the most of the opportunities that can bring. For example, China is now building corridors that are connecting us by land and sea, as well as online. We welcome the opportunities created by the "Belt and Road" initiative – it will bring people and businesses in Asia and Europe closer together. The new direct rail links between Beijing and European hubs are symbols of that. They will resurrect an old trade route and cover 12,000 kilometres, crossing Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, Belgium, and France.
And we want to make sure that the "Belt and Road" complements existing projects, including those under the EU's long-established Trans-European Networks policy or the EU-China Connectivity Platform. Over time, improved connectivity will help manufacturers and businesses of all sizes to lower transport costs and open new markets.
But much more is needed: Asia alone faces a EUR 23 trillion infrastructure gap by 2030. Both the EU and China have a key interest in making the "Belt and Road" Initiative. Our message is that we can help you build it – but the rules must be the same for all. European companies must have a fair chance of being able to tender and compete on the same terms as Chinese counterparts. We must ensure, there too, a level playing field.
I am very much encouraged by China's statements on making the "Belt and Road" an open, transparent, inclusive initiative. Let us work on these projects together. Let our companies build them together.
Prime Minister, dear friends,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
That is just a glimpse of the potential that our partnership holds, not just for the European Union and for China – but also for the rest of the world.
Europe's future lies in our own hands – this is what leaders stated in their recent Rome Declaration. So we should shape our own future – and China will be a crucial partner in that. Together, we can increase the prosperity and well-being of our people. Our companies can thrive in open, fast-growing international markets. We can learn from each other and push each other on to innovate and compete. We can stand up for fairness across the world.
With China, the EU will fight for its global vision, in which we work together to tackle the challenges we share. We will defend the level playing field and make sure that the international system is anchored in rules and institutions that we all agree on. We will accompany the green transition together, in the interests of our children and our grandchildren.
And by doing so we can help to make the world a more stable place, at a time when it is full of uncertainty.
Prime Minister Li, dear friend,
Thank you and welcome once again.
